【英语】2020届二轮复习“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解学案

‎2020届二轮复习 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解学案 ‎　　"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：‎ ‎　　一、It用作实词 ‎　　表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……‎ ‎　　二、It用作形式主语 ‎　　替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。‎ ‎　　It 作形式主语的常见句型：‎ ‎　　1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 ‎　　(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.‎ ‎　　此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…‎ ‎　　例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.‎ ‎　　(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.‎ ‎　　此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.‎ ‎　　例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.‎ ‎　　(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 ‎　　It's no good/use doing…‎ ‎　　It's (well)worth doing…‎ ‎　　It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do…‎ ‎　　It's (well)worth while doing/ to do ‎　　例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.‎ ‎　　2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 ‎　　(1) It is + noun +从句 ‎　　例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.‎ ‎　　(2) It is adj. +clause ‎　　It's surprising that… (should)………竟然……‎ ‎　　It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……‎ ‎　　例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)‎ ‎　　(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause ‎　　It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze ‎　　/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…‎ ‎　　例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)‎ ‎　　(4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do ‎　　(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)‎ ‎　　例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)‎ ‎　　(5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do ‎　　(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)‎ ‎　　例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)‎ ‎　　(6) It is v-ed that … (should)…‎ ‎　　(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend ‎　　例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.‎ ‎　　三、It作主语的句型 ‎　　1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事 ‎　　例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)‎ ‎　　2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do…(不)像某人做某事的风格 ‎　　例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.‎ ‎　　3. It's (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了 ‎　　例 It's(about/high) time that we should take action.‎ ‎　　4. It's the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了 ‎　　例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.‎ ‎　　5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了 ‎　　例 It's 10 years that he lived here ‎　　6. It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了 ‎　　例 It was not long before they arrived.‎ ‎　　四、It 作形式宾语 ‎　　用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。‎ ‎　　It 作形式宾语的常见句型：‎ ‎　　1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)‎ ‎　　例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.‎ ‎　　2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)‎ ‎　　例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.‎ ‎　　3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)…‎ ‎　　verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…‎ ‎　　(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)‎ ‎　　例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.‎ ‎　　4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)‎ ‎　　例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.‎ ‎　　5. v. +it + prep. + that…‎ ‎　　owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…‎ ‎　　leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做 ‎　　take it for granted that …想当然 ‎　　keep it in mind that…‎ ‎　　例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.‎ ‎　　6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后 ‎　　例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.‎ ‎　　7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后(except that例外)‎ ‎　　例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice.‎ ‎　　五、强调句型 ‎　　It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。‎ ‎　　在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：‎ ‎　　1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句 ‎　　例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?‎ ‎　　2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句 ‎　　例 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.‎ ‎　　3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上 ‎　　例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.‎ ‎　　4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别 ‎　　例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型)‎ ‎　　It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句)‎ ‎　　六、It 常用的固定搭配 ‎　　1. make it ‎　　(1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 ‎　　例 It's hard to make it to the top in show business.‎ ‎　　(2).在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”‎ ‎　　例 —Shall we meet next week?‎ ‎　　—OK. We just make it next Saturday.‎ ‎　　2. as it is ‎　　(1).相当于in fact, in reality表示“事实上，实际情况是……”‎ ‎　　例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.‎ ‎　　(2).相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”‎ ‎　　例 Leave the table as it is.‎ ‎　　3. as it were 相当于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说”‎ ‎　　例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.‎ ‎　　4. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是……，要不是……”‎ ‎　　例 If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.‎ ‎　　5. that's it ‎　　(1). 相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别的了”‎ ‎　　例 You can have one more sweet, and that's it.‎ ‎　　(2). 相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”‎ ‎　　例 — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”‎ ‎　　—That's it.‎ ‎　　6. catch it 在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”‎ ‎　　例 We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.‎ ‎　　7. have it ‎　　(1).相当于say, insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说”‎ ‎　　例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.‎ ‎　　(2).相当于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，获悉”‎ ‎　　例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.‎ ‎　　8. have what it takes在口语中，相当于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的条件”‎ ‎　　例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.‎ ‎　　9. so it seems / appears.‎ ‎　　10. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相当于go on,表示“继续做，不放弃”‎ ‎　　例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.‎ ‎　　11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞 ‎　　12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.)‎ ‎　　13. Now you'll catch it! (You'll be punished.)‎ ‎　　14. As it happened, … 在口语中，相当于it's a pity that…, 表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾”‎ ‎　　例 As it happened, they were out.‎ ‎　　15. As it turned out,…在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被证明是”‎ ‎　　例 As it turned out, his statement was false.‎ ‎　　16. Such as it is(they are) 在口语中，相当于although it may not be worth much, 表示“虽然没有多大价值”‎ ‎　　例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.‎ ‎　　17. Take it/things easy. 相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”‎ ‎　　例 Take it easy! He will do it well.‎ ‎　　18. Take it from me.在口语中，相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保”‎ ‎　　例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time.‎ ‎　　19. For what it is worth…在口语中，相当于although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其价值如何”‎ ‎　　例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth.‎ ‎　　20. Worth it 在口语中，相当于useful, 表示“有好处，值得做”‎ ‎　　例 Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it.‎ ‎　　21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”‎ ‎　　例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.‎ ‎　　22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃 ‎　　例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.‎ ‎　　23. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasn't been decided yet, 表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”‎ ‎　　例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday?‎ ‎　　—It/That all depends.‎ ‎　　24. It's up to sb. 在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”‎ ‎　　例 —Shall we go out for dinner?‎ ‎　　—It's up to you.‎ ‎　　“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配专练 ‎　　1. Was it during the Second World War_____ he died?‎ ‎　　A.that B.while C.in which D.then (88)‎ ‎　　2. Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?‎ ‎　　A.this B.that C.it D.he (89)‎ ‎　　3. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.‎ ‎　　A.this B.that C.its D.it (91)‎ ‎　　4.Does ______ matter if he can't finish the job on time?‎ ‎　　A.this B.that C.he D.it (91)‎ ‎　　5. It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.‎ ‎　　A.when , that B.until , that C.until , that D.when , then (92)‎ ‎　　6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better.‎ ‎　　A.that B.this C.one D.it (93)‎ ‎　　7. It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.‎ ‎　　A.while B.which C.that D.since (94)‎ ‎　　8. ______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.‎ ‎　　A.There B.This C.That D.It (95)‎ ‎　　9. It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.‎ ‎　　A.until B.that C.then D.so (97)‎ ‎　　10. I hate_____when people talk with their mouths full.‎ ‎　　A.it B.that C.these D.them (98)‎ ‎　　11. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.‎ ‎　　A.one B.that C.what D.it (2000)‎ ‎　　12.I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004)‎ ‎　　A. this B. that C. it D. one ‎　　13. —Do you like ___ here?‎ ‎　　—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(全国卷)‎ ‎　　A. this B. These C. That D. it ‎　　14. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ___ from some wood. (全国卷)‎ ‎　　A. it B. One C. Himself D. another ‎　　15. The foreign Minister said, " _____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."(2004北京)‎ ‎　　A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is ‎　　16. _____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京)‎ ‎　　A. It B. As C. That D. What ‎　　17. — How often do you eat out?(2004, 天津)‎ ‎　　— ________, but usually once a week.‎ ‎　　A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking ‎　　18. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite _____ as planed. (2004浙江卷)‎ ‎　　A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up ‎　　19. — What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.‎ ‎　　—________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.‎ ‎　　A. It just depends B. It's up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that ‎　　20. It was ____ back home after the experiment.‎ ‎　　A. not until midnight did he go ‎　　B. until midnight that he didn't go ‎　　C. not until midnight that he went ‎　　D. until midnight when he didn't go ‎　　KEYS:‎ ‎　　1-5 ACDDB 6-10 DCDBA 11-15 ACDBD 16-20 BBBBC