【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习学案：语法填空的解题技巧及训练&动词时态的复习（1）

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习学案：语法填空的解题技巧及训练&动词时态的复习（1）

‎2019年高三二轮复习--语法填空的解题技巧及训练+动词时态的复习（1）‎ 一、课程介绍 知识点 ‎ 1.归纳讲解语法填空的解题技巧（1）---给词填空的解题技巧 ‎2.重点语法①: 动词的时态语态（1）---动词的时态及其应用 ‎ 重点语法②：构词法之派生法 ‎ 教学重点 ‎ 1.如何找到语法填空的切入点 ‎2.时态语态的判断依据 ‎ 教学难点 如何判断填空部分的词 二、要点回顾 I.单句改错 ‎1.I thought that it is a good idea. (2016全国卷II）‎ ‎ _____________________________________________‎ ‎ 2.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.（2015全国卷II）‎ ‎ _____________________________________________‎ ‎ 3.I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. （2017全国卷III）‎ ‎ _____________________________________________‎ ‎4.When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！（2017全国II卷）‎ ‎ _____________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】‎ 1. thought改为think 2. been删掉 3. become改为became 4. came改为comes ‎ II.语法填空 ‎1.Sarah (tell) that she could be Brian’s new supermodel. （2017全国卷III）‎ 2. ‎ Steam engines _____(use) to pull the carriages（2017全国卷II）‎ 3. Then,after two and a half years,the mother (drive)the young panda away.（2016四川卷）‎ 4. The recent research (show) us that the constant misuse or overuse of alcohol may cause cancer of the mouth and throat as well recently.（2017东北三省四市高三第一次联合考试）‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎ 1.has been told/was told 2.were used 3.drove 4.has shown ‎ 三、知识精要 ‎1.语法填空的解题思路（一）‎ ‎ 解题手段主要通过：1、从翻译入手 2、从语法入手 （有时二者要兼顾）‎ 题型I：给词填空 1. 动词：分两步来分析 第一步：确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词（一般一个句子只有一个谓语动词）‎ 第二步：谓语动词考查的是时态、语态；非谓语动词考查to do，doing，done 例句：The man _________ (speak) over there now.‎ ‎ The man _________ (speak) over there now comes from Beijing.‎ 解析：第一个句子是谓语，考查时态，进行时is speaking；第二个句子是非谓语动词（因为后面有谓语comes），用speaking，表示动作正在进行。‎ The bridge _________ (build) in the 1990s.‎ The bridge _________ (build) in the 1990s is being repaired.‎ 解析：第一个句子是谓语，考查时态及语态，过去时的被动was built；第二个句子是非谓语动词（因为后面有谓语is being repaired），用built，表示被动2.词性转换：必须确定该空的词性，然后注意词形转换（各种后缀前缀）‎ 例句：‎ Considering his _______ (able), he could have behaved better.‎ ‎_________ (apparent), he didn’t think much of my suggestion.‎ 解析：第一个空，his后面应该接名词，所以用ability；第二个空，尽管该词意思可能不太清楚，也可根据位置判断该空用副词（句首时，一个词一般用副词）‎ ‎（附）常用的后缀/前缀 1. 前缀（一般改变词义）‎ 否定前缀：un-（unhappy，unbelievable），dis-（dislike，disappointing），im-（impossible，impolite），in-（incorrect，informal），‎ Ir-（irregular）il-（illegal）‎ 动词前缀：en-（encourage，enjoy，enrich）‎ 2. 后缀（一般改变词性）‎ 名词后缀：-tion（translation），-ment（announcement），-ist（tourist），-bility（ability）等 形容词后缀：-ful（careful），-less（careless），-able（comfortable），-ed/-ing（disappointed/disappointing），-ive（attractive）等 副词后缀：-ly（要注意ly的填加方法，尤其是去掉字母e的情况）‎ 动词后缀：-en（shorten，worsen）‎ ‎2.语法 动词时态和语态（一）‎ 注意：时态语态的考查一方面要从时间状语入手，另一方面要从上下文翻译及语境入手 时态语态的考查方向：语法填空、改错、写作 本讲主要讲解动词的时态 考点聚焦 ‎ 动词时态考查要点简述 ‎ （1）一般现在时考点分析 ‎ ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）‎ The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.‎ Water boils at 100oC.‎ ‎②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。‎ Ice feels cold./We always care for each other and help each other.‎ ‎③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：‎ I know what you mean./Smith owns a car and a house.‎ All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.‎ ‎④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。‎ If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。‎ ‎⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。‎ The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day./Tomorrow is Wednesday.‎ ‎（2）一般过去时的考点分析（考查重点）。‎ ‎①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：‎ I met her in the street yesterday./I once saw the famous star here./They never drank wine.‎ I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t.‎ ‎②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night. ‎ ‎③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。‎ The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her./He bought a watch but lost it.‎ ‎④常用一般过去时的句型：‎ Why didn’t you / I think of that?/I didn’t notice it.‎ I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before./I didn’t recognize him.‎ ‎（3）一般将来时考点分析。‎ ‎①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。‎ ‎②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。We’ll die without air or water.‎ ‎③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。‎ ‎④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：‎ be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。‎ be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：‎ If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)/If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)‎ be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。‎ A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.‎ be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。‎ Autumn harvest is about to start.‎ ‎（4）现在进行时考点分析。‎ ‎①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：‎ It is raining now./He is teaching English and learning Chinese./I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.‎ We are leaving on Friday./At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)‎ The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)‎ ‎②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。‎ ‎（5）过去完成时考点分析（考查重点）。‎ ‎①常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/‎ though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to have done。（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.‎ ‎②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。‎ After he (had)left the room, the boss came in./We arrived home before it snowed.‎ ‎（6）过去将来时考点分析。‎ 参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。常用于主句是过去时态的宾语从句中。‎ The teacher said that we would have an exam the next day.‎ ‎（7）过去进行时考点分析。‎ ‎①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。‎ ‎②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。‎ ‎（8）现在完成时考点分析。（考查重点）‎ ‎①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。‎ ‎②下列句型中常用现在完成时 It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时 This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时 This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时 ‎③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：‎ I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it./ Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.‎ If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.‎ （9） 现在完成进行时(考查重点）：has/have been doing ‎ 表示过去发生的动作，持续进行到现在，还可能继续下去 ‎ It has been raining for a week,causing a lot of damage.‎ ‎ (10)将来进行时（考查重点）:will/shall be doing ‎ 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，常与将来的具体时间连用。‎ ‎ Don’t call me at 9:00 tomorrow morning;I’ll be sleeping at that time.‎ 注意几组时态的区别：‎ ‎①一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。‎ 结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。‎ ‎②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。‎ 四、要点讲练 ‎【要点1】语法填空---谓语动词和非谓语动词的辨析 很多学生对于谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断总是不够清晰，如前所述，谓语动词在句中作谓语，有时态语态的变化，换句话说，一个句子中若有时态语态的体现，那么就是有谓语动词了，这时再给动词的话就是填非谓语动词，反之亦然。若是考查非谓语动词，就需要区别使用to do，doing，done ‎【例题1】‎ ‎ (2016·全国卷I)I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. ‎ ‎【答案】was allowed ‎ ‎【解析】考查谓语动词（因为该动词在主语I之后，同时句子中没有谓语动词）。根据上下文句意，“我被允许。。。”所以用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎【例题2】（2016·全国卷III）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.‎ ‎【答案】to create ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词（该句已经有谓语动词combine，所以用非谓语），根据位置和句意，应该用不定式表示目的。“熟练工人也把硬木和金属结合在一起，来创造出特殊的设计”‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ 1. I was the first Western TV reporter________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. ‎ 2. My ambassadorial duties will include _____(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. ‎ 3. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.‎ 4. ‎ whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 5. ‎ Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎ 1.permitted ‎ 2.including ‎ 3.to bring ‎ 4.make ‎ 5.be made ‎【要点2】语法填空---对所填空部分词性的判断 对于设空部分词性的判断是语法填空的关键所在，判断依据就是根据设空部分的上下文。一般有已下几种常见的变化：动词（或形容词）变名词；形容词变副词；名词变复数；名词变形容词，代词变化等 ‎【例题1】　(2016·全国卷III)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks. ‎ ‎【答案】gradually ‎【解析】所给词是形容词，该空后面是动词，所以用副词修饰动词（。。逐渐变成筷子）‎ ‎【例题2】(2016全国卷III）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,...,influenced the48 (develop)of chopsticks.‎ ‎【答案】development ‎【解析】the后面一般接名词，所以变成development ‎【例题3】(2016·全国卷II)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 61 (great)and less importance.‎ ‎【答案】greater ‎【解析】根据空后面的and可知前后是并列关系，后面使用比较级less，所以前面也使用比较级greater，且符合句意。‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ 1. Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_____(attract).‎ 2. The title will be _____(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.‎ 3. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ______ (it) mother. ‎ 4. The nursery team switches him every few ____( day) with his sister.‎ 5. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve). ‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎1.attraction 2.officially 3.its 4.days 5.achievement ‎【要点3】动词的时态在改错中的应用 动词的时态主要考查方向是在语法填空、改错和写作上。考查时一方面根据句子的时间状语进行分析判断，另一方面要根据上下文的翻译来完成。‎ ‎【例题1】（2016年全国卷II）I thought that it is a good idea.‎ ‎【答案】thought改为think ‎【解析】根据上下文都是现在时，故把过去时改为现在时 ‎【例题2】（2017年全国I卷）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank.‎ ‎【答案】goes改为went ‎【解析】根据上下文都是过去时 ‎【例题3】（2017年全国III卷） I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. ‎ ‎【答案】become改为became ‎【解析】根据上下文都是过去时。‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ 1. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.‎ 2. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.‎ 3. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky 4. They were looked like rain! ‎ ‎【答案】‎ 1. telling改为told 2.starts改为started 3.was改为were 4.were删掉 ‎【要点4】动词的时态在语法填空中的应用 ‎【例题1】（2016年全国卷II）Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.‎ ‎【答案】is ‎【解析】动名词作主语时谓语用单数，且上下文都是现在时 ‎【例题2】（2017年全国卷II） Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.‎ ‎【答案】managed ‎【解析】根据上下文都是过去时 ‎【例题3】（2017年全国卷III）But at the moment, school 69 (come) first.‎ ‎【答案】comes ‎【解析】根据上下文都是现在时。‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ ‎1.A boy on a bike _______ (catch ) my attention. ‎ ‎2.It ____（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.‎ ‎3.It was raining lightly when I____(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. ‎ ‎4.Yangshuo____(be) really beautiful.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.caught 2.was 3.arrived 4.is ‎【要点5】动词的时态在写作中的应用 ‎【例题1】（翻译）在你的上封信中，你说你对汉语感兴趣 ‎【答案】In your last letter，you said you are interested in Chinese.‎ ‎【解析】根据句意“上一封信”，应该指代过去时，但也要注意过去时与现在时交叉使用（对汉语感兴趣是现在的状态），所以从句仍然使用现在时。‎ ‎【例题2】（翻译）在过去的两年里，我一直努力地学习汉语口语。‎ ‎【答案】In the past two years,I have been learning the oral Chinese .‎ ‎【解析】本句话中的时间状语“在过去的两年里”，是一段持续性时间状语，可以与现在完成进行时连用，强调动作持续进行。‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ 1. 明天我乘坐的飞机将在上午十点起飞。‎ 2. 直到他摘下眼镜我才认出他来。‎ 3. 随着时间的推移我已经学会了很多中文表达。‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.The plane that I will take takes off at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.‎ ‎2.I didn’t recognize him until he took off his glasses.‎ ‎3.As time goes by, I have grasped a lot of Chinese expressions 五、模块自测 ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎（一）Helping a person forget something is rarely easy,especially if the "something" is hurtful or negative.Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and 61 (hope) with time,the.person won't be able to remember 62 he is supposed to forget.‎ ‎ Remove all the items that may bring back the memory.Any small object can jog a memory,so ‎ carefully replace any photos,diaries or any other 63 (person) objects or presents with new items.‎ ‎ Change the subject whenever your friend brings it up.Don't do this in 64 obvious way because this is annoying, but do it without his awareness of your 65 (intend).Tell some 66 (amuse) stories or talk about important and happy events in your friend's life such as a new nephew or a work promotion.‎ ‎ Occupy him with 67 (activity) and appointments.Keeping him too busy 68 (think) about the past helps him see a positive light.Create a full schedule and introduce new things and experiences,such as a cooking class,which require concentration.‎ ‎ Be patient and allow time to get over things.It is often a long time 69 your friend fully removes that memory,so don't 70 (disappoint)if it doesn't happen immediately.（2017成都三诊）‎ ‎（二）The results of the exam were released and 61 (fortunate) I failed. I feel very bad.‎ ‎ I began to think about 62 reasons. In the past months, I kept thinking that there was still much time and told 63 (I) to take it easy. When I wanted to play games or watch movies, I told myself that 64 (watch) these videos could be good for my study. I also believed that I was 65 (smart) than others. Day 66 day. I kept finding excuse. No pains, no gains. No one can easily get success because nothing is deserved, and we must try to gain it.‎ ‎ I can’t forgive myself. I could 67 (work) harder without watching movies, shopping, or hiking in the forests. And I should also have concentrated more on the 68 (book) when studying, without daydreaming.‎ ‎ No matter 69 regretful I am, I have to face the reality. But a lesson should 70 (learn) from this. “You have a dream, you got to protect it”—no matter how much effort you have to pay.（安徽省“皖南八校”2017届高三第三次联考）‎ ‎（三）My first insight into the Myanmarese people’s respect for elephants came from Ma Lwin, a shopkeeper in a farming village in the western Bago Mountains. It was late afternoon when I arrived, ‎ ‎ 61 (cover) in sand after a long motorcycle ride. Inside Ma Lwin’s bamboo house, she offered me hot tea and scolded me for traveling through 62 (danger) elephant territory（领地）.‎ Back when the mountains were covered in forest, she told me, elephants and people had lived ‎ ‎63 harmony. But now that their habitat（栖息地）was being cut and burned down for rubber plantations, the elephants were forced 64 (walk) long distances searching for food, sometimes threatening farmers in the fields. Even 65 , the farmers told me they loved the elephants.‎ That was the beginning of months spent 66 (journey) through forests and villages to document the 67 (connect) between people and elephants. During my time there, children in camps played alongside elephants used for logging（采运作业）; one day park rangers（护林员）led me to 68 elephant giving birth.‎ Development often 69 (give) us the excuse to destroy the environment. As a result, the elephant population has dropped 70 (great). But observing so many people’s high regard for elephants in Myanmar gives me hope that they won’t be left behind.（2017年大庆实验中学高三英语得分训练）‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎（一）61.hopefully 62.what 63.personal 64.an 65.intention ‎ 66.amusing 67.activities 68.to think 69.before 70.be disappointed ‎（二）61. unfortunately 62. the 63. myself 64. watching 65. smarter ‎ 66. after/by 67. have word 68. books 69. how 70. be learnt/learned ‎（三）61.covered 62. dangerous 63.in 64.to walk 65.so ‎ ‎ 66.journeying 67.connection(s) 68.an 69.gives 70.greatly ‎【动词的时态】‎ 1． ‎— (do) you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?‎ ‎ — Yes. They are happy with it.(2017北京)‎ 2. People (have) better access to health care than they used to , and they’re living longer as a result.（2017北京）‎ 3. I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.（2017天津）‎ 4. He’s been informed that he (not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background.（2017江苏）‎ 5. The publication of Great Expectations, which (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’s status as a leading novelist.（2017江苏）‎ 6. Jack (wok) in the lab when the power cut occurred.（2016北京）‎ 7. ‎—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎ — The new Star Wars. We (wait)here for more than two hours.（2016北京）‎ 8. I (read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.（2016北京）‎ 9. Dashan, who (learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.（2016江苏）‎ 10. Silk (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100BC.（2016浙江）‎ ‎【答案】1.Did 2.have 3.was driving 4.doesn’t qualify 5.was 6.was working 7.have been waiting 8.have read 9.has been learning 10.had become