【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习学案：改错的解题技巧及训练&从句的复习（1）

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习学案：改错的解题技巧及训练&从句的复习（1）

‎2019年高三二轮复习--改错的解题技巧及训练+从句的复习（1） ‎ 一、课程介绍 知识点 ‎ 1.归纳讲解改错的解题技巧（1）‎ ‎2.重点语法①：从句的辨析 ‎ 重点语法②：名词性从句 ‎ 教学重点 ‎ 1.如何清晰高效判断错误点 ‎2.从句引导词的选择 ‎ 教学难点 ‎ 1.如何提高改错的敏感度 ‎2.从句引导词的辨析 二、要点回顾 Ⅰ.改正下列句子 ‎1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. (2016课标全国卷I）‎ ‎ _____________________________________________‎ ‎2.How do you think I should do?.（2015四川卷）‎ ‎ _____________________________________________‎ ‎ 3.Before making sure I was OK, he asked me anxiously what was going on. （2017东北三省四市高三第二次联合考试）‎ ‎ _____________________________________________‎ ‎ 4.I seldom passed my exams, so I never prepared well.（2017广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试二）‎ ‎ _____________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】‎ 1. that改为where 2. How改为what 3. Before改为After 4. so改为because ‎ ‎ 三、知识精要 ‎1.改错的解题思路 ‎ 解题手段主要通过：1、从翻译入手 2、从语法入手（找易错点）‎ ‎ （一）翻译：找出如下错误 ‎1.连词：‎ （1） 并列连词：and，but，or，so （2） 从属连词（引导从句的连词）：that，what，which，who，when，how等 ‎2.冠词：‎ ‎（1）根据翻译：a/an“一个”，the“这个，那个，这些，那些”‎ ‎（2）固定搭配：如in the 1990s，等 ‎3.介词：同样从翻译和搭配入手 ‎4.代词：主要改人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词 ‎（1）指代错误：she/he, his/her 等 ‎（2）用法错误：a friend of me（me改为mine），ours books（ours改为our）‎ ‎5.主动被动：‎ ‎（1）doing与done的区别 ‎（2）be动词的添加或删除 The book bought by my father last year. (此句为被动所以在bought前加was）‎ Many changes have been happened in the last ten years. ‎ ‎(happen不能用被动，所以删掉been）‎ （二） 易错点：‎ 1. 时态：现在或过去 2. 形容词和副词的区别：‎ （1） 形容词：作定语（修饰名词或代词）；作表语（在系动词后）‎ （2） 副词：作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 注意：形容词变副词一般是加-ly，但下面几点要注意 （1） true--truly （2） ‎-le结尾的，去e加y，possible-possibly；simple-simply；gentle-gently （1） ‎-c结尾的形容词，加-ally，如：basic-basically；scientific-scientifically 3. 动词用法：如want do（中间加to），let sb to do（去掉to）与let有同样用法的词：make，have 4. 单数/复数 （1） 名词：可数/不可数 （2） 动词：is/are;have/has;do/does等 （3） 代词：it/them ; many/much 5. 形近词：beside/besides ; hardly / hard ; amazing /amazed 如：Beside, they often get some useful information from the internet..（2017全国II）‎ Beside改为besides I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face! ‎ hardly改为hard They are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden.（2017全国II）‎ interesting改为interested ‎2.语法 名词性从句 从句的辨析：一般根据从句在句中的位置来判断名词性从句与定语从句的区别 1. 名词性从句：主语从句（一般在句首、主语前）、宾语从句（在动词或介词后）、表语从句（在系动词后）、同位语从句（解释 ‎ ‎ 前面词的内容，前后是等同的关系。一般由that引导，that无词义，不充当句子成分，不可省略）‎ 2. 定语从句：在名词和代词后，起修饰作用的从句。引导定语从句的关系词必须在从句中充当成分 ‎ ‎ 考点聚焦 ‎ 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。‎ ‎（1）that的用法。‎ ‎①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：‎ That they are good at English is known to us all.‎ The problem is that we don’t have enough money.‎ She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.‎ ‎②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：‎ He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine ‎ Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. ‎ The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.‎ ‎③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。‎ ‎(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如：‎ It happened that I went out last night.‎ It is said that China will win in the World Cup.‎ ‎④that和what的区别。‎ that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：‎ It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.‎ ‎⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。‎ 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：‎ They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)‎ The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） ‎ ‎（2）whether和if的用法。‎ ‎①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：‎ It all depends on whether they will come back.‎ ‎②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：‎ I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.‎ ‎③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：‎ Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.‎ The question is whether they have so much money.‎ ‎④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：‎ We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.‎ ‎ ⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：‎ The question of whether they are male or female is not important.‎ I have not decided whether to go or not.‎ ‎⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：‎ Thank you, but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.‎ ‎⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：‎ Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.‎ ‎（3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。‎ ‎①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：‎ Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.‎ You can choose whatever you like in the shop.‎ ‎②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：‎ Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,‎ Whatever you do, you must do it well.‎ ‎③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：‎ No matter what you do, you must do it well.‎ No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.‎ ‎（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。‎ when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：‎ They put forward the question where they could get the money.‎ This is the place where the accident happened.‎ ‎2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致 ‎（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：‎ Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here?‎ The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.‎ ‎（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.‎ When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.‎ When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.‎ ‎3、名词性从句的词序 名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：‎ He asked me what was the matter with me.‎ We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.‎ 四、要点讲练 ‎【要点1】改错-错词之名词冠词 名词的错误主要体现在单数复数、可数不可数上；冠词的错误主要体现在a与an的差别、a，an与the的误用上。在改的时候主要从翻译入手 ‎【例题1】‎ ‎ (2017·全国卷II) It takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.‎ ‎【答案】a改为an/one ‎【解析】‎ 考查冠词。hour 第一个音是元音，故用an ‎【例题2】‎ ‎（2017全国卷II）They often get some useful informations from the internet.‎ ‎【答案】informations 前加information ‎【解析】考查information，信息，为不可数名词 ‎【即学即用】‎ 1. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. ‎ 2. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. ‎ 3. Mum taught me some basic step of baking.‎ 4. My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass．‎ 5. ‎ I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning．‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎ 1.把airs改为air，因为air是不可数名词 ‎ 2.把a改为the。根据上下文此处是特指，故用the ‎ 3.把step改为steps。前面有some，且step是可数名词 ‎ 4.side改为sides，前面有three ‎ 5.in hurry改为in a hurry，固定短语 ‎ 【要点2】改错-错词之连词 连词包括并列连词和从属连词，改错时一方面要通过翻译进行，同时要通过语法来分析 ‎【例题1】　‎ 1. ‎(2017·全国卷I)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.‎ ‎【答案】so改为but/yet ‎【解析】考查连词辨析。可以根据句意前后是转折关系。‎ ‎【例题2】‎ （2016. 全国卷II）If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.‎ ‎ 【答案】but改为and ‎【解析】考查连词辨析。根据句意，前后是并列关系 ‎【即学即用】‎ 2. ‎ There the air is clean or the mountains are green.‎ 3. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.‎ 4. My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.‎ ‎【答案】　1.or改为and　2.where改为that或删掉 3.after改为when ‎【要点3】 改错-错词之谓语动词 ‎ 谓语动词的主要出题点是时态语态错误及主谓一致。做题时要根据上下文及翻译入手。‎ ‎【例题1】（2017年全国卷II）When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the vegetables.‎ ‎【答案】 came改为comes ‎【解析】根据上下文都是现在时，故把过去时改为现在时 ‎ 【例题2】（2016年全国卷II）Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.‎ ‎【答案】have been shown中的been删掉 ‎【解析】按照原句应译为被动，而实际句意应为主动，故删掉been ‎【即学即用】‎ 1. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.‎ 2. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.‎ 1. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky 2. They were looked like rain! ‎ ‎【答案】‎ 1. telling改为told 2.starts改为started 3.was改为were 4.were删掉 ‎【要点4】改错-错词之非谓语动词 非谓语动词分为to do，doing，done，具体的使用一个是各自的特点，在一个就是根据上下文判断主动被动的含义的区别 ‎【例题1】 （2017东北三省四市高三第二次联合考试）They are like our parents, keep all of us safe． ‎ ‎【答案】keep改为keeping ‎【解析】doing表示伴随，做伴随状语 ‎【例题2】（2017广东深圳市高三第二次调研考试） I thought it would be hard to spend a whole week stayed away from school and home.‎ ‎【答案】stayed改为staying ‎【解析】spend后面接doing形式 ‎【例题3】 （2017武汉高中毕业生4月调研测试）I’d like to talking about my most memorable experience.‎ ‎【答案】taking改为take ‎【解析】would like to do固定用法 ‎【要点5】改错-错词之形容词副词 形容词副词的主要考点是各自的用法：形容词作定语（修饰名词或代词）；或作表语（在系动词后）。副词：作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 ‎【例题1】 （2017湖北省七市科教研协作体高三4月联合考试）I have decided to work hard so that I’ll have a brightly future. ‎ ‎【答案】brightly改为bright ‎【解析】此处应用形容词修饰名词 ‎【例题2】（2017济南市三月高考模拟考试） I promise you will have a wonderfully time here in Beijing.‎ ‎【答案】wonderfully改为wonderful ‎【解析】此处应用形容词修饰名词 ‎【即学即用】‎ 1. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.‎ ‎2.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. ‎ ‎3.Don’t panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.closely改为close 2.immediate改为immediately 3.calmly改为calm ‎【要点6】改错-错词之代词 代词的错误主要体现在单数复数，用法错误，及翻译方面的问题。‎ ‎【例题1】 （2016全国卷II）If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view.‎ ‎【答案】 your改为our ‎【解析】根据上下文逻辑意思，此处应为“我们的”，与主语一致 ‎【例题2】（2017全国卷Ⅲ） This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.‎ ‎【答案】your 改为my ‎【解析】根据上下文逻辑意思，此处应为“我的”，与前文me一致 ‎【即学即用】‎ ‎1.If you are me ,would you talk to him?‎ ‎2.Neither of the arrows hit the target. ‎ ‎3.We must found ways to protect your environment. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.him改为them 2.neither改为none 3.found改为find；your改为our ‎【要点7】改错-错词之介词 介词的主要错误体现在词义和固定搭配上 ‎【例题1】 （2017全国卷I）It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.‎ ‎【答案】 on改为of ‎【解析】in the middle of...，在...中。本题考查固定搭配 ‎【例题2】（2016四川卷）Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.‎ ‎【答案】 去掉on ‎【解析】本题国定结构go shopping去购物。‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ ‎1.Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities.‎ 1. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. ‎ ‎3.I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.with改为for 2.immediate改为immediately；on改为at 3.for改为with；taking改为taken ‎【要点8】名词性从句 名词性从句主要考查连词的使用。有三大类连词：that、if/whether、特殊疑问词 ‎【例题1】（2016北京卷）Your support is important to our work. _____ you can do helps.‎ ‎ A. However B. whoever C. whatever D. wherever ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】主语从句中whatever 做从句的主语，你做的无论什么都是会帮助的，符合句意 ‎【例题2】（2016北京卷） The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____one can be entirely free from dust.‎ ‎ A. what B. that C. whether D. why ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意为：雨季最惬意的事情是人们完全不受灰尘的烦扰。表语从句中不缺任何成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导 ‎【即学即用】‎ ‎1. It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏卷)‎ A. why B. what C. as D. that ‎2.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.(2016天津卷)‎ A. whether B. that C. which D. what 3. ‎_____ amazed us greatly was that Linda could speak five languages.(2017北京市海淀区高三第二学期期末练习)‎ A. That B. What C. Which D. Why ‎4.Home is we complain the most, but are often treated the best．(北京市西城区高三第二次模拟考试)‎ ‎ A.which B.where C.that D.how ‎5.Since there is only one laboratory in the school, it is important to check the students can use it．(北京市东城区高三综合练习二)‎ ‎ A.which B.what C.when D.where ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C 五、模块自测 ‎【改错】P267‎ ‎（一）The other day after work, I was walking down the street while I saw a boy riding a nice bicycle, one of those bicycle with only one wheel. Dressing in all pink from head to toe, he was singing a song which was sounded like a kid’s song. I thought he must be total crazy. Just then, a lady dropped 20-dollar bill on the ground, but he didn’t realize it. The guy in pink picked out the money and gave it back to her. After that, he rode on but soon disappeared before the lady could thank him. How a strange and good guy!(2016陕西西安工业大学附属中学第四次适应性训练）‎ ‎（二）Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier ‎ and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！（2017全国卷II）‎ ‎. （三）It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now. Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.At dinner,we said to her,“Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving.(2016年四川卷) ‎ ‎ （四）My mother Donald didn’t do well in math. When the day of the exam comes, Donald sat next to Brian, which was always good at math. Donald careful copied Brian’s answers. At end of the exam, the teacher collected the papers and graded it. Then she decided to give a prize to the student who got the high grade. But it was a bit of difficult for her to make a decision, because Donald and Brian got the same grade. The teacher thought about that and made on her mind to give the prize to Brian. Donald said it was unfair. “That’s true,”the teacher said. “Therefore, Brian’s answer to Question 18 was ‘I don’t know’.Your was ‘Neither do I’.”‎ ‎（五）Patience is greatly important in our daily life. Once, I waited for a bus come at a stop. 30 minutes passed, but no bus came. Both upset and annoying, I decided to walk by foot. But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minutes, I would have caught it. If I chose to take a next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then do I realize my problem. Being impatient will possible ‎ waste all the effort that we have put it in. Now, whenever I am close to losing my impatience, I will think of this experience.‎ ‎【答案】‎ 一、 1.while--when 2. bicycle--bicycles 3. Dressing-- Dressed 4. 去掉was 5. total--totally ‎6. 20-dollar前加a 7. he--she 8. out--up 9. but--and 10. How--What 二、1.all-both 2.a-an/one 3.interesting-interested 4.that-which 5.earlier-early ‎ ‎6.去掉for 7.beside-besides 8.informations- information 9.came-comes 10. pick 前加to 三、11.so---but 2.houseworks--- housework 3.or---and 4.get---got 5.去掉on 6.her---his ‎ ‎7.在in和kitchen之间加the 8.what---that/which(或去掉what) 9.favoritest--- favorite 10.moving---moved ‎ 四、1. comes--came 2.which--who 3.careful--carefully 4.end前加the 5.it--them ‎ ‎6.high--highest 7.去掉of 8.on--up 9.Therefore--However 10.Your--Yours 五、1.come前加to 2.annoying--annoyed 3.by--on 4.when--than 5.minutes--minute ‎ ‎6.a--the 7.do--did 8.possible--possibly 9.去掉it 10.impatience--patience ‎【名词性从句】‎ ‎1. It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ ‎2. A ship in harbor is safe, but that not ships are built for.‎ ‎3. I truly believe beauty comes form within.‎ ‎4. we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ ‎5. You have to know you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ ‎6. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.‎ ‎7. Whatever they grow, they make sure is left in the ground after harvesting becomes a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.‎ ‎8. As is known to us, the year 2016 has one extra day in it--- February 29th. This is because it’s we call “a leap year”.‎ ‎9. If you are going to kill the snake, you have to get close to the head is and cut it off.‎ ‎10. One concern relates to a lack of control over appears on the Internet.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.that 2.what 3.that 4.How 5.where 6.what 7. what 8.what 9. where 10.what