【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习学案：七选五的解题技巧&虚拟语气的复习

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习学案：七选五的解题技巧&虚拟语气的复习

‎2019年高三二轮复习--七选五的解题技巧+虚拟语气的复习 一.课程介绍 知识点 ‎ 1.归纳讲解七选五的解题技巧 ‎2.重点语法: 虚拟语气的复习 ‎ 教学重点 ‎ 1.掌握并运用好七选五的解题技巧 ‎2.准确辨析及正确使用虚拟语气 ‎ 教学难点 七选五的解题策略 二.要点回顾 I.用情态动词填空 ‎1.—Can’t you stay a little longer?‎ ‎ —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.‎ ‎2. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ ‎3.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎ —Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.‎ ‎4. You________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it．‎ ‎5.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】1.must ‎ ‎【解析】根据句意“我必须走了，我女儿独自在家”‎ ‎【答案】2.needn’t ‎【解析】根据句意“在来这所新学校之前我本不必担心，因为我的同学对我都非常友好”‎ ‎【答案】3.should ‎ ‎【解析】考查should have done的用法“本应该做某事”根据句意“你本应该做出充分准备”‎ ‎【答案】4.may ‎【解析】根据句意，“你可能感觉这些训练是浪费时间，但是我百分百确信，以后你会感激你所做的”‎ ‎【答案】5. must ‎ ‎【解析】你必须小心对待这个相机。它很值钱啊。‎ II.完形填空 I've been married for seven years to an extraordinary woman，actress Catherine ZetaJones.We have two children，a daughter,4，and a son,7.My life is __1__around my family's schedule.Our daughter just __2__kindergarten and our son began the second_3__ last week.They are at a precious age，and I don't want to miss a minute of it.__4__all parents，I labor to keep them on schedule，and try to teach them__5__to think positively and to work through daily life.I also try hard to be sure they have__6__.I read with my kids every night.That has become a __7__ for me.‎ We've moved to the island of Bermuda，where I spent a lot of time as a(n) __8__ (my mother is in Bermuda and still has a large family there)．I __9__my schedule to my wife's，since she is in the prime(全盛期) of her__10__.The school year tells us when we are going to travel.The kids know what Mommy does for a living, __11__ they have never seen Daddy's movies (they're too young)，so Mommy makes__12__and Daddy makes pancakes! I don't really __13__，but I am the takeout and homedelivery expert.I enjoy it.It's all given me great __14__.Don't get me wrong.I still go to work，but now only on projects I really care about.I have a new movie __15__ called King of California.We __16__ it in only 31 days，not like some of the 90day shooting schedules of the__17__.‎ There is so much to learn in__18__a family.Basically，you want to try to leave this earth having given more to it than having taken__19__.That makes you a good citizen of the planet.If I can__20__ this on from generation to generation，that's as close to immortality(永久)as I can hope to get.‎ ‎1．A.fixed B．centered C．gone D．spread ‎2．A.started B．offered C．supplied D．gave ‎3．A.class B．school C．grade D．term ‎4．A.Like B． As C．For D．With ‎5．A.when B．what C．where D．how ‎6．A.horror B．fun C．game D．honor ‎7．A.success B．failure C．favorite D．struggle ‎8．A.kid B．adult C．merchant D．waiter ‎9．A.adopt B．arouse C．arise D．adjust ‎10．A.business B．career C．crisis D．affair ‎11．A.however B．so C．but D．and ‎12．A.movies B．pancakes C．food D．dish ‎13．A. work B．care C．wait D．cook ‎14．A.trouble B．satisfaction C．pain D．terror ‎15．A.coming out B．coming up C．coming across D．coming over ‎16．A.watched B．saw C．filmed D．observed ‎17．A.former B．latter C．next D．past ‎18．A.bringing B．raising C．taking D．leaving ‎19．A.away B．up C．off D．on ‎20．A.leave B．give C．pass D．hand 答案：1-5.BACAD 6-10. BCADB 11-15.CADBA 16-20. CDBAC 三.知识精要 ‎（一）七选五的解题思路 知识清单 ‎1.通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心 在做七选五文章时，首先要通读整篇文章，大致弄清文章结构，理出文章中心。语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分析段落之间的层次；二是分析每个段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系，是确定答案的主要依据。注意文章的首段和末段，译为英文写作常见方法为“开门见山式”和“结尾总结式”。首段对于快速掌握文章主题具有重要意义。如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有个整体的了解。如果首段没有主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结式”‎ ‎，如果两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段和末段的提示作用。‎ 2. 辨别语境线索 边读边做题，重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用带入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的、能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。再将剩余选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境，能否承接前后的写作线索。‎ 3. 确定答案，入文复查 在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯、合理，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否得当，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析。个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析、仔细甄别，从而得出正确选项。‎ ‎2.语法 ‎ ‎ 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。‎ 一、 虚拟语气在单句中的用法 常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：‎ Long live the People´s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！‎ May you ‎ be happy! 快乐！‎ 祝你 ‎ have a good time! 玩得愉快！‎ ‎ succeed! 成功！‎ ‎ make progress! 进步！‎ 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：‎ 1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法 1） 表示与现在事实相反 条件从句 主句 一般过去时（be多用于were）‎ would/should/could/might＋动词原形 例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.‎ ‎ 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 ‎ ‎ If I had time,I would go there. ‎ ‎ 如果我有空，我就去那儿。‎ 1） 与过去事实相反 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 would/should/could/might＋have done ‎ 例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus.‎ ‎ 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。‎ ‎ If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.‎ ‎ 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。‎ 2） 与将来事实可能相反 条件从句 主句 一般过去时（be多用were）‎ should do,were to do would/should/could/might＋动词原形 例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be ‎ ‎ put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）‎ ‎ If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.‎ ‎ 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。‎ 3） if的省略 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should 置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。‎ 例如：‎ Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.‎ Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.‎ ‎5)条件句或主句的省略 当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。‎ 例如：——Why didn’t you attend the party yesterday?‎ ‎ ——I would/should have,but I was too busy then.‎ I was surprised that you didn’t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）‎ ‎6)混合时间条件句与主句 条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。‎ 例如：If the teacher hadn’t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.‎ ‎7)含蓄条件句与主句 即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if从句。‎ 例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn’t have made such great progress.‎ there hadn’t been we hadn’t got ‎＝If his help,we wouldn’t have made such great progress.‎ ‎2.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：‎ 在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：‎ The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.‎ 注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）‎ ‎ 3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：‎ 1、 在wish后的宾语从句中的用法：‎ A．与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterday´s exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。‎ B．与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.‎ C．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!‎ ‎2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should) do”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/‎ insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.‎ ‎3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”结构中，that从句的谓语用一般过去 时或“should do”形式。例如：It is high time he started /should started. 他该开始了。‎ ‎4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,‎ advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do”形式。例如：‎ My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.‎ 四.要点讲练 ‎【要点1】七选五：‎ ‎【例题1】（2016全国卷I） ‎ Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.‎ There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of "My elephant eats too many eels" spell out the hidden message "Meet me." ‎ ‎ 38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message "Meet me" would read "13 5 5 20 13 5."‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, "bridge" might stand for "meet" and "out" might stand for "me." The message "Bridge out" would actually mean "Meet me." _40_ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.‎ C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ D. As long as there have been codes, have tried to break them.‎ E. You can hide a message by having the first letter of each word spell it out.‎ F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ ‎ G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎36【答案】D ‎ 【解析】根据后面的句子“Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making.”其中关键词“break”与选项中D的“break”吻合，且句意可以衔接。‎ ‎37【答案】E ‎ 【解析】根据后面的句子“For example, the first letters of "My elephant eats too many eels" spell out the hidden message "Meet me." ”举例中所说的是“字母”，并出现关键词“letter”和“spell out”所以可以确定选E。‎ ‎38【答案】G ‎ 【解析】上一段说了一种密码方式，所以该段就是说“另一种”尤其句意符合后面。‎ ‎39【答案】F ‎ 【解析】根据前面的关键词“a code book”可知，后面在讲与之有关的内容，故选F“. With a code book,。。”‎ ‎40【答案】A ‎ 【解析】该段一直在讲跟密码书有关的事情，尤其后句转折也说密码书，所以该空选A。“没有密码书很难破译密码”‎ ‎【例题2】（2016全国卷II） ‎ ‎  A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.‎ ‎●___37 ‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you ‎ want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.‎ ‎●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories ‎ Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 39 --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.‎ A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have ‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎36【答案】F ‎ 【解析】根据该空后面的句子“But it doesn’t happen by accident.”--但是它并不是偶然发生，可知“it”指的是前面的句子内容，故选F，“你也可以创造出同样的魔幻般的效果在自己的花园中”‎ ‎37【答案】A ‎ 【解析】A选项符合标题句的特点，同时下文有“there are a number of other reasons ”所以该段在讲原因。‎ ‎38【答案】E ‎ 【解析】该句符合前后的句意逻辑衔接。前面讲了各种原因，“some，，，others，，”所以此处又讲了别的原因 ‎39【答案】C ‎ 【解析】与前面的句子衔接。前句“but that’s not what’s important.”但是，那不是重要的地方。所以接下来就要说什么才重要。故选C“It’s our experience of the garden that matters”正是种花园的经历才重要。要注意本句是强调句，同时matter的动词词义是“重要，要紧”‎ ‎40【答案】G ‎ 【解析】本段的小标题“Recall(回忆)your childhood memories”，说明该段与记忆有关，同时后面也有关键词“memory”，所以选G。‎ ‎【例题3】（2016全国卷III）‎ Everyone knows that fish is good for health.16 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.‎ ‎18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.‎ There are many common methods used to cook fish.  20   First,clean it and season it with your choice of spices（调料）Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then,it’s ready to serve. A.Do not buy it. B.The easiest is to steam it. C.This is how you can do it. D.It just requires a little knowledge. E.The fish will go bad within hours. F.When buying fish,you should first smell it. G.The fats in fish are though to help prevent heart disease.‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎16【答案】G ‎ 【解析】与前句并列，在讲鱼的好处。然后才转折。‎ ‎17【答案】D ‎ 【解析】根据前句“Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.”，所以与前句承接，“只需要一点只是”故选D ‎18【答案】F ‎ 【解析】根据后面的关键词“smell”，所以选F“当你买的时候，你应该先闻闻它”‎ ‎19【答案】A ‎ 【解析】与前句顺承，前面说“它不新鲜了”所以接下来就说“别买它”‎ ‎20【答案】B ‎ 【解析】与前句顺承。“有许多方法来烹制它”cook是关键词。所以下文要说烹制的方法，故选B，“最容易的方法是蒸”‎ ‎【例题4】（2015全国卷I）Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 . That is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.‎ Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore, 37. It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ l ‎38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.‎ l ‎39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.‎ l You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ A. Learn to really trust yourself.‎ B. It is putting confidence in someone.‎ C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.‎ F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.‎ 答案与解析 ‎36【答案】B ‎【解析】前面解释的是trust，所以横线上表示的应该是对信任的解释，所以选B.‎ ‎37 【答案】E ‎【解析】根据前句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生。故选E。‎ ‎38【答案】A ‎【解析】根据后句可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。故选A。‎ ‎39 【答案】C ‎【解析】根据后面可知此段主要讲述不要认为自己是受害者。故选C。‎ ‎40【答案】G ‎【解析】根据前一句和后一句可知既要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选G。‎ ‎【例题5】（2015全国卷II）‎ ‎  Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.___36 C__, buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.___ 37 E__. As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.‎ ‎ During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.__38 A__, it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run._39 _D___. After two weeks, start timing yourself._____40 G_. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.‎ A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 答案与解析 ‎36【答案】C ‎ 【解析】通过后一句buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find描述的是开始训练前的准备工作，所以此处应选择C。‎ ‎37【答案】E ‎ 【解析】前一句讲述的对象是鞋shoes，所以这一句提到鞋会用到they，前面在说鞋的适合问题，E答案接着用still说明若是还是感觉很棒，就可以开始穿着鞋跑步啦。‎ ‎38【答案】A ‎ 【解析】前一句说到了第一周，以及每一天的跑步时间要求，后一句又说到休息一天，所以本句选择A六天后比较合适。‎ ‎39【答案】D ‎ 【解析】前一句说道第二周每次跑步的距离问题，所以后一句选择D答案，时间和距离都有所相关。‎ ‎40【答案】G ‎ 【解析】前面内容说到前两周就跑步时间和跑步距离的问题，并且前一句也说到限时问题，基本问题都已经说完，所以此处应该说到进一步提高跑步成绩的句子，所以G合适。‎ ‎【例题6】（2017全国卷I）‎ If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping. I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36 .‎ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.‎ I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. ‎ ‎ 39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen ‎ with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. ‎ ‎ 40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.‎ A．This time there was no tent.‎ B．Things are going to be improved.‎ C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.‎ D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.‎ E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. ‎ F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.‎ G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. ‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎36【答案】D ‎ 【解析】根据空格前的内容可知，三年前，作者认为野营者是那些喜欢被虫子咬，糟糕的饭菜和不舒服的睡袋的人，自己与其他野营者完全不同，故选D。‎ ‎37【答案】C ‎ 【解析】根据空格后一句可知，这次野营是一段艰辛的旅程，故选C。‎ ‎38【答案】A ‎ 【解析】根据空格后一句，相反，我们有一辆弹出式野营车，车上有舒适的床，还有一台空调，故选A。‎ ‎39【答案】F ‎ 【解析】根据空格后一句，并结合选项可知，这次野营之后，作者一家变得对野营非常感兴趣，F项承上启下。故选F。‎ ‎40【答案】E ‎ 【解析】空格后提到，每个人迟早都会找到自己回归自然的方法，我建议找到有自己风格的方法，故选E。‎ ‎【例题7】（2017全国卷II）‎ ‎  Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 ,there are several ways to handle things.Let’s take a look at them now.‎ ‎ 37 .Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.‎ When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.‎ When you need to talk to someone,don’t do it in your own office. 39 .it’s much easeier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 .If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter. excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed,you’re not to be disturbed.‎ A.If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work C. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G.Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not 答案与解析：‎ ‎36【答案】B ‎ 【解析】上一句中说工作中受到打扰是最难处理的事情之一，根据空格后的there are several ways to handle things.可知，所以选B ‎37【答案】A ‎ 【解析】空格处是本段的主旨句，根据下文可知，本段主要讲述了受到打扰要告诉别人你有很多事要做，再找另外的时间交谈，故选A。‎ ‎38【答案】E ‎ 【解析】下文说这样做会免于未来受到打扰，所以空格处应是说这种免于受到打扰的做法，再根据上文中的have set hours planned可知选E。‎ ‎39【答案】D ‎ 【解析】‎ 上文中说不要把谈话地点选在自己的办公室，下文说找借口让自己回归工作要比向他解释你有多忙，好让他人离开你的办公室容易得多。故选D。‎ ‎40【答案】G ‎ 【解析】根据上文If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.可知，如果办公室有门，那就好好利用它。故选G。‎ ‎【例题8】（2017全国卷III）‎ ‎  Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock 36 Here is how to make one.‎ ‎● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.‎ l Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.‎ l Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39 ‎ l Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.‎ A. Get a sleep specialist.‎ B. Find the right motivation.‎ C. A better plan for sleep can help.‎ D. And consider setting a second alarm.‎ E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.‎ F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.‎ G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.‎ ‎答案与解析：‎ ‎36【答案】C ‎ 【解析】空格前提到早上容易醒来的关键在于调整生物钟，空格后提到，下面介绍如何制定一个好的睡眠计划，故选C。‎ ‎37【答案】B ‎ 【解析】空格处为本段的主旨句，通读本段内容可知，本段主要是建议读者要弄清自己做出改变的原因，并告诉家人或室友你想要做的改变，故选B。‎ ‎38【答案】G ‎ 【解析】空格后一句中的That’s a quarter-hour和G项中的Reconsider the 15 minutes相呼应，故选G。‎ ‎39【答案】F ‎ 【解析】根据本段第一句可知，本段主要是建议读者即使再周末也要坚持自己设定的睡觉和起床时间，故选F。‎ ‎40【答案】E ‎ 【解析】空格前提到在尝试一种新方法一周之后，看看自己的记录，空格后提到如果它们不起作用，再尝试一下其他方法，故选E。‎ ‎【例题9】（2016四川卷）‎ ‎ Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.‎ One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.‎ ‎18   They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.19    Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 20  ‎ ‎ A．However, women, on average, live longer. B .The biological factor plays an important part. C. Women are also helped by their female genes. D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way. E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities. F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life. G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎16.【答案】A ‎ 【解析】根据空格下一句：一般说，女性比男性多活6-7年，可知此处的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性寿命更长，故选A。‎ ‎17.【答案】G ‎ 【解析】根据空格上句：男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性寿命更长。可知此空的意思是：荷尔蒙是身体生产的控制各种身体功能的化学物质。故选G。‎ ‎18.【答案】D ‎ 【解析】根据下句：它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选D。‎ ‎19.【答案】C ‎ 【解析】根据下句：科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响年龄，但是他们认为基因却是在影响年龄。可知上句：女性基因也在帮助女性。‎ ‎20.【答案】E ‎ 【解析】根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向。可知E项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。‎ ‎【例题10】（2017北京卷）‎ ‎  Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month. 71‎ ‎　　One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that,while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforeing (加强)connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.‎ ‎　　Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to from the next day. 73‎ ‎　　Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.‎ ‎　　If Tononi`s theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a night`s,we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information-our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.‎ ‎　　Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapscs become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,”Tononi says.‎ ‎　　A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.‎ ‎　　B. Ti’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.‎ ‎　　C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.‎ ‎　　D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.‎ ‎　　E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.‎ ‎　　F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.‎ ‎　　G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎71【答案】C ‎ 【解析】根据第一段第二句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month. 可推知与C项符合。‎ ‎72【答案】E ‎ 【解析】根据第二段第一句One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.可知，选E。‎ ‎73【答案】F ‎ 【解析】根据第三段第一句Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to from the next day.及下文中的Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.可推出选F。‎ ‎74【答案】G ‎ 【解析】根据第四段第三句The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.可推出选G。‎ ‎75【答案】B ‎ 【解析】根据第六段第二句The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.可推出选B。‎ 五.模块自测 I.七选五：（2017浙江卷）‎ How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.      31      But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.‎ ‎●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?＂      32      ‎ ‎●Hit the streets with confidence.      33      Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.＂ This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.‎ ‎●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged.‎ ‎●     34      Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.      35      ‎ ‎●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.‎ A. Limit your time.‎ B. As you approach people, be polite.‎ C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.‎ D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.‎ E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.‎ F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.‎ G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂ or ＂No＂ reply.‎ ‎【答案】DGBAF II.语法填空 1. If I _____（see）it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.‎ 2. I wish I ______ （be）at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ ‎3.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______（have）nowhere to stay now.‎ ‎4.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________ （dance）as well as her．‎ ‎5.Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway________（write）his famous novel A farewell to Arms．‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. had seen ‎2.had been ‎3. would have ‎4. danced ‎5.wouldn’t have written