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【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习学案:写作的解题技巧及训练(一)
2019年高三二轮复习--写作的解题技巧及训练(一) 一.课程介绍 知识点 1.写作的综合概述 2.归纳讲解写作的解题技巧(1)---提纲类作文 教学重点 1. 掌握并运用好提纲类型写作的解题技巧 2. 高级词汇、短语、句型的掌握 3.熟练掌握并运用好写作的步骤和方法 教学难点 遣词造句的能力培养 二.要点回顾 I.填空 1. there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 2. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ (come)to our help. 3.People are recycling many things which they (throw)away in the past. 4. If Mr. Dewey _____(be)present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 5.If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he (be)able to speak it much better now. 【答案】1.Were 【解析】省略if的虚拟语气,把were、had、should提前 【答案】2.would have come 【解析】与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 【答案】3.would have thrown 【解析】考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。该句只包含虚拟语气的一部分,“人们现在循环利用很多东西,这些东西要是在过去早就他们早就扔掉了” 【答案】4.had been 【解析】根据后面句中的would have offered来判断,该句属于“与过去事实相反的虚拟语气”所以从句用“had done” 【答案】5.would be 【解析】该句考查虚拟语气混合使用的现象,根据意思“如果他以前花费更多的时间练习说英语的话,现在他就可以讲得更好了”,这表明前面是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,后面是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。 II.七选五 Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed from time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—don't solve(解决)much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. (2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 73 . (3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 75 A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways. D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don't forget about your friends. G. Then, find a way to calm down. 答案:CFAED 三.知识精要 写作 考纲解读: (l)准确使用语法和词汇 语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面,因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。 (2)使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思 任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题,作者应该围绕该主题,借助一些句型、词组等的支持,清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。 提纲作文 提纲式书面表达是把材料分割成信息块,列成独立的文字信息。此类试题中有较多的文字说明,实际上规定了考生表述的思路,对考生的写作范围作了较为明确的限定,试题中规定的要点一个也不能少。由于这类试题包含较多的文字说明,容易改变书面表达的性质,使作文变成翻译。因此,考生应灵活运用英语知识,采用不同的表达方式将试题要求的要点完整地表达出来,力求准确、简洁、礼貌、规范。此类试题主要考查考生的实际语言组织能力。今年来高考命题的发展趋势将会把提纲与其他形式结合在一起,使其综合性更强。 附:2017年高考英语全国卷及地方卷书面表达测试题一览表 试卷名称 测试内容 文体 词数 分值 全国新课标卷I 你正在教你的英国朋友学习汉语,请你写一封邮件告知下次上课的计划。 书信 100左右 25 全国新课标卷II 你想邀请外教一起参加中国剪纸艺术展,请给他写一封邮件说清展览时间,地点和内容。 书信 100左右 25 全国新课标卷III 假如你是李华,你所在的乒乓球球队正在招收新队员,请给你的留学生朋友写封邮件邀请他加入。 电子 邮件 100左右 25 北京卷 第一节:你的英国朋友Jim所在学校要组织学生来中国旅行,有两条线路可以选择:长江之行或者泰山之行,Jim来信希望你能给些建议。 写回信 不少于50 15 第二节:你是红星中学高三学生李华,请根据一下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记录毕业前夕你们制作以感恩母校为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。 看图写短文 不少于60 20 天津卷 假设你是李津,与你以前的外籍教师一直保持联系,近日她来信询问你的近况,请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。 写回信 不少于100 25 江苏卷 阅读有关我国电影票房收入的柱状图及相关文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 说明文 150左右 25 浙江卷 第一节:你是李华,计划组织一次郊游,请给你的英国朋友写封邮件邀请他参加。 邀请信 80词左右 30 四.要点讲练 【要点1】英语写作的步骤和方法 ①认真、仔细审题,决定体裁。 ②抓住要点,是组织语言、形成短文的核心。 要认真阅读提示要求。 ③组织语言、正确叙述,是整个写作过程的重要环节。 知道了内容.抓住了要点后,要根据要点确定句型.扩展句子.把这些内容有机地连接起来。首先,要给每一个要点选择一个恰当的动词和主要信息词,然后以动词和主要信息词为中心,根据要点内容,将此扩展成句。此过程中一定要根据提示要求的情景,确定动词的时态和语态,以求表达准确、贴切。其次,句与句之间要有连贯性。即根据各要点之问的关 系,确定要点的先后顺序以及各句之间存在的因果、递进、并列、转折等关系。选择并使用恰当的关联词和过渡词的句型结构和词法,力求语言准确,把握性不大的词语不要用。最后,段与段之间过渡要自然,即按故事情节自然过渡,文章叙述清楚即可,多余的段落是没必要的。 ④扬长避短,灵活措词。 英语的表达方式是丰富多样的,有时同一内容可用几种句型表达。也可选用多种词汇表达。不要死抠着提示中的一个中文词绞尽脑汁地去找所学过的英文等同词,既浪费了时间,又选词不恰当。遇到这种情况。可以采取用同义词、近义词、甚至反义词转代表达,只要使用词语恰当,意思表达明确,词、句法准确,就不会被扣分。 ⑤检查格式,勿漏要点,复核全文。 书面表达完成后,还应该认真核查如下几点:①内容要点全不全;②体裁格式对不对;③语言形式正确不正确,其中包括易由疏忽而出错的名词单、复数、名词所有格、主谓时态的一致等问题;④结构安排合理不合理;⑤词数是否基本符合要求。超出规定范围,则应将无关紧要的句子删掉,字数不足,则应围绕题材的要求做适当的增写。 ⑥书写规范,卷面整洁。 高考书面表达是主观试题。是人工阅卷,规范的书写,整洁的卷面给人一种美感,增加多得分的可能性。所以考生一定要书写正确、工整。包括字母大、小写的使用、连写规则、标点符号的运用等。 【要点2】高级词汇的使用 ①表示“想要某事”用desire to do sth./have a desire to do sth./be eager to do sth./intend to do sth.代替want to do sth. 例:As far as I know, every one of them intends to be a model student. ②表示“常常做某事”用form/get into the habit of doing sth.代替often to do sth. 例:It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you will be a loser. ③表示“好”用outstanding/extraordinary/brilliant代替good 例:He is an outstanding scientist. ④表示“擅长,精通”用have a good command/knowledge of代替be good at 例:Having learned English for many years, I have a good command of English. ⑤表示“导致,引起”用lead to/result in/contribute to代替cause 例:Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. Tourism, while it brings in money to a country, can also result in damage to the World Heritage sites there. ⑥表示:“承担责任”用shoulder the responsibility for代替take the responsibility for 例:Shouldering the responsibility for something that goes wrong is a mark of maturity. ⑦表示“需要”用be in need of代替need 例:I’m very happy to know the program in CCTV has provided lots of help for those children in need of care and love. ⑧表示“喜欢”用prefer to/be fond of/be crazy about /be into代替like 例:He is fond of/crazy about playing football. The children of the farmer prefer staying in bigger cities to settling in their hometown. ⑨表示“至关重要,关系重大”用make a difference/count matter/be vital/be of great significance代替be important 例:It is the journey that really counts. Boys and girls, you should know what a great difference good manners in public will make to a person. ⑩表示“钦佩,佩服”用admire代替like或respect...very much. 例:I admire those people, because in spite of having little money, they feel happy and satisfied. 【例题】 Encouragement from a teacher is good to his students.(改写) 【解析】试题分析:be good to短语过于简单,不能充分体现高中所学。 【答案】 Encouragement from a teacher is really of great significance to his students. 【即学即用】 1.用高级词组替换句子 ①My grandparents like chatting with old neighbors in the yard whenever they have time. ②The creative writing course is designed for students aged between 13 and 18 of all levels and interests who like to increase their ability and challenge themselves. 【答案】 ①My grandparents are fond of chatting with old neighbors in the yard whenever they have time. ②The creative writing course is designed for students aged between 13 and 18 of all levels and interests who have a desire to increase their ability and challenge themselves. 【要点3】灵活使用高级表达 ①can’t..too much/enough怎样也不算过分 例:We can’t emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. ②can’t but do sth.不得不做某事 例:In dealing with one’s future career, one can’t but admit that it is very important to decide one’s future career as early as possible. ③have no choice but to do除了做……之外别无选择 例:There is always something challenging in our life. We have no choice but to face it. ④can’t help but do不得不做……/can’t help doing禁不住做…… 例:When it came to the sad part, she couldn’t help but burst into tears. ⑤nothing but只有,仅仅 例:I want nothing but the best for my children. ⑥anything but决不,根本不 例:The book I borrowed was anything but interesting. ⑦by no means(位置:情态动词、助动词、系动词后)决不 例:However, to be a model student is by no means an easy thing. ⑧there is no doing不可能…… 例:There is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem in our city. ⑨There is no doubt (that)毫无疑问 例:There is no doubt that nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country. ⑩there is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做……没有意义 例:There is no point in getting angry. 【例题】我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 【解析】试题分析:can’t..too much/enough怎样也不算过分。 【答案】We can’t emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 【即学即用】 翻译句子 ①不可否认,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 ②毫无疑问,我们的教育制度令人不满意。 【答案】 ①There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. ②There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. ※【链接高考】 1. (2017年全国卷一) 假定你是李华,你正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语,请你写一封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括: 1. 时间和地点; 2. 内容:学习唐诗; 3. 课前准备:简要了解唐朝的历史。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 【答案】 Dear Leslie, I’m writing to inform you of our course schedule of our next class, which is about poetry of the Tang Dynasty. We will have it this Friday, in Classroom602, Building 6. In order to learn it better, you need to do the following things before the next class. At first, please read some materials about poetry of the Tang Dynasty, which plays an extremely significant role in our literature. You can find some original poems of famous poets, such as Li Bai and Du Fu. Besides, knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will be of great benefit for you to understand the background of the poems. You are so diligent and I am glad to teach you. I sincerely look forward to our next class and your reply. Yours, Li Hua 2.(2017年全国卷二) 假定你是李华,你想邀请外教Henry一起参加中国剪纸艺术展,请给他写一封邮件,信的内容包括: 1.展览时间,地点; 2.展览内容; 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 【答案】 Dear Henry, I’m Li Hua, one of your students. I’m writing to invite you to visit the paper-cutting exhibition. Paper-cutting is one of Chinese traditions and I’m sure you will like it. The exhibition will be held in the local museum next Saturday. Some famous Chinese artists will perform on that day. Meanwhile, some beautiful paper-cutting works, collected from all over the country, will be exhibited there. I will be a feast. If you like, you can also join in paper-cutting. I’m sure it will be an unforgettable experience for you. I’m looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Li Hua 3.(2017年全国卷三) 假定你是李华,假如你是李华,你所在的乒乓球球队正在招收新队员,请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入,内容包括: 1.球队活动; 2.报名方式及截止日期; 注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 【答案】 Dear Eric, I’m writing to invite you to join our school table tennis team. I have been told that our school team is recruiting new members. Knowing that you are keen on playing table tennis, I wonder if you’d like to join. Team members need to receive training after school every day and are often offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions, which benefit me most. What do you think of it? If you are interested in it, you can visit the school website to sign up. The closing date is 15th June. I hope to meet you in the school team. Yours, Li Hua 4.(2016年全国卷一) 假 定你是李华,暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职,已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms. Jenkins写信,请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 【答案】 Dear Ms. Jenkins, I’m Li Hua, one of your students. I’m writing to turn to you for help. I plan to apply for a part-time job in a foreign company in the coming summer vacation. I have written my application letter and my resume, which are enclosed in the attachment. For one thing, would you be so kind as to tell me if they have been written in the correct format? For another, I’d appreciate it very much if you could go over my application letter and my resume and help me polish them. I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Yours, Li Hua 5.(2017年天津卷) 假设你是李津,与你以前的外籍教师Mrs.Green一直保持联系,近日她来信询问你的近况,请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。。 1. 简要介绍自己的学习和生活; 2.告知你已经成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者,并介绍为此所做的准备(如深入了解天津等); 3.希望她有机会重访天津。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总数。 参考词汇:第十三届全运会the 13th National Games Dear Mrs.Green, I’m so glad to hear from you. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you. 【答案】 Dear Mrs.Green, I’m so glad to hear from you. Thank you for caring about me so much. Recently I have got on well with my classmates and I’ve made great progress in English as well. I am very eager to share with you the exciting news that I’ve been chosen as one of the volunteers for the 13th National Games, which will be held in Tianjin in late August. I’m looking forward to your presence in Tianjin when it is possible. Yours, Li jin 6.(2016年四川卷) 2016年某中学生英文报正举办“The Season I Like Best”的征文活动,请用英文写一篇短文投稿,内容包括: 1. 你最喜欢的季节; 2. 你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如:气候、景色、活动、感受……) 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.题目已为你写好; 3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 【答案】 The Season I Like Best When it comes to my favorite season, there is no doubt that I like summer best. In spite of the fact that summer is a little hot, I think it can still bring us a lot of fun. What attracts me most about summer is the summer vacation, which is the longest vacation of the year. Therefore, we can do a variety of interesting activities without worrying about our homework, such as camping, swimming, going to the beach and so on. What’s more, with the beautiful flowers and green trees, the scenery in summer is very attractive. Every summer, accompanied by my parents, I will go traveling here and there, which can not only relax ourselves, but also broaden our horizon. In short, summer is so meaningful for me that I like it best. 7.(2016年全国卷二) 假定你是李华,你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写信,请他提供作品。信的内容包括: 1.主题:环保保护; 2.展览时间; 3. 投稿邮箱:intlphotoshow@gmschool.com。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 【答案】 Dear Peter, An International High School Student Photography Show will be held by the photography club in our school. I , on behalf of our club, am writing to invite you to share some of your masterpieces for this show. Here are some details and requirements. To begin with, the theme of the show is Environmental Protection, which will be not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides, the date of the activity is June 17th; as a result, you’d better hand in your photos as soon as possible. By the way, our email address is intlphotoshow@gmschool.com. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 8.(2016年全国卷三) 假定你是李华,与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店,因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件,内容包括: 1.表示歉意; 2.说明原因; 3.另约时间。 注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 【答案】 Dear Bob, How are you doing? We planned to go to the bookstore this Saturday. Unfortunately, I can’t make it. Because of this, I’m writing to express my heartfelt apology to you. How I wish I could go with you! However, I’m chosen to represent our school to take part in the English debate competition, which, you know, is of great importance to me, for I have been dreaming of having a chance like this to improve my spoken English. Would it be convenient for you if we go to the bookshop this Sunday? I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 五.模块自测 ①2016届辽宁省实验中学、东北师大附中、哈尔滨师大附中高三第二次联合模拟考试 假如你是李华,暑假将至,Campus Today正在举行旅游设计大赛,请你为自己设计一个旅游计划,通过电子邮件发给该报。计划要包括下列内容: 1. 旅游时长和目的地; 2. 交通方式; 3. 旅游期间的活动安排。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾都已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear editor, I’m very glad to take part in the creativity competition of travel. As for me, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope to hear from you soon. Yours truly, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear editor, I’m very glad to take part in the creativity competition of travel. As for me, I’d like to go to the countryside for a trip of a week because the airs is fresh and clear, which is beneficial to my health, and the trees and flowers are so attractive that I can enjoy a quiet life there. I’m planning to to by bike. In this way, I can not only take exercise but also enjoy the beautiful scenery. During the trip in the countryside, I plan to arrange as many activities as possible. For example, I will help the local students with their studies and learn some farming knowledge from the farmers. Moreover, I’ll take some gifts, such as school bags, books, pens and pencils to them. I believe I can make many friends and benefit a lot from this meaningful trip. Hope to hear from you soon. Yours truly, Li Hua ②2016届辽宁省大连八中、二十四中高三联合模拟考试 近年来,雾霾多次发生,引起人们对空气质量的广泛关注。假如你是校学生会主席李华,请根据下面的写作要点,写一篇英语倡议书。 1. 陈述雾霾的危害; 2. 分析雾霾的原因; 3. 提出几点倡议。 注意:1.词数100左右,开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 参考词汇:雾霾smog Dear fellow students, The smog these days has caused widespread concern about air quality. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Let’s take immediate action to fight against smog.. Li Hua 【答案】 Dear fellow students, The smog these days has caused widespread concern about air quality. There are more traffic accidents and more people are suffering from breathing problems because of smog. There are some reasons for smog in China. First of all, too many cars give off waste gas in the street. Second, a lot of fossil fuel like coal, petrol and natural gas is consumed in factories, which produces too much carbon dioxide. Besides, China has many smokers, who are making smog even worse. It is time for us to fight against smog. We had better walk or ride to school to reduce the consumption of fossil fuel. We should plant more trees to absorb poisonous gas in the air. Besides, it can help improve the air quality to persuade people around us to give up smoking. Let’s take immediate action to fight against smog. Li Hua ③2016届辽宁省大连市育明高中高三第一次模拟考试 假如你是李华,上周你在某国外图书网购买了一本英语字典。请你根据以下内容给该网站的负责人写一封投诉信。内容包括: 1. 字典缺页、个别字迹不清晰、封面有破损; 2. 要求尽快调换或退钱; 3. 希望问题得到妥善解决。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Sir/Madam, I am your regular customer. I’m writing to make a complaint about the dictionary bought from your website. It took me more than a week to get the dictionary. However, when I opened the wrapping with excitement, I found the cover is broken. What’s worse, several pages are missing and some words aren’t legible. I was so disappointed. The poor quality dictionary will certainly affect my study. So I hope you can send me another one, or just give my money back. I hope the problem will be satisfactorily solved as soon as possible. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua查看更多