【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题动词时态考点学案（12页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题动词时态考点学案（12页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 动词时态考点学案 ‎——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·北京高考改编) People_have_(have) better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.‎ ‎2．(2016·6月浙江高考改编)While online shopping has_changed (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.‎ ‎3．—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎—The new Star Wars. We have_been_waiting (wait) here for more than two hours.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 一、一般现在时 ‎ ‎1．表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受语境限制)。‎ The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.‎ 地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。‎ ‎2．表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表示频率的时间状语连用。‎ We always care for each other and help each other.‎ 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。‎ ‎3．表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong, seem等。‎ All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.‎ 这里所有的学生都是第一中学的。‎ ‎4．在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.‎ 如果你今天下午来，我们就举行会议。‎ ‎5．按照时刻表运行的动作常用一般现在时态。‎ The plane takes off at 9：30 am.‎ 飞机上午9：30起飞。‎ 二、现在进行时 ‎ ‎1．表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。‎ They're having a meeting.‎ 他们正在开会。‎ ‎2．表示计划或安排好了的将来动作，常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。‎ Mike is coming home on Thursday.‎ 迈克星期四回家。‎ ‎3．现在进行时与always, often, forever等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。‎ You're always interrupting me!‎ 你老是打断我的话！‎ 三、现在完成时 ‎1．表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。有时与just, already, yet, recently, before, twice, three times等时间状语连用，常与非延续性动词连用，如 leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等。‎ ‎ I have seen the film already.‎ 我已经看过那部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容)‎ ‎2．表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”、“for＋时间段”及how long, (ever) since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。‎ She has been a dancer for ten years.‎ 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。‎ ‎3．用于现在完成时的句型。‎ It is (has been)＋一段时间＋since从句 This (That/It) is the first (second ...) time that＋现在完成时 This (That/It) is the only ...＋that＋现在完成时 This (That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting ...＋that＋现在完成时 It is the first time that I have visited the city.‎ 这是我第一次访问这座城市。‎ That's the most interesting book I've ever read.‎ 那是我看过的最有意思的书。‎ 四、现在完成进行时 ‎1．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。‎ Tom has been working hard since the new term began.‎ 自从新学期开始，汤姆一直在努力学习。‎ ‎2．表示到目前为止的一段时间内动作时断时续、反复发生。‎ You have been telling me not to be late all the way.‎ 一路上你反复告诉我不要迟到。‎ ‎3．表示某种感情色彩。‎ You have been daydreaming but make no efforts.‎ 你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表示“意愿”，但不表示时态。‎ If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.‎ 如果你愿意接受邀请并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。‎ ‎2．注意动词加ing形式时的特殊情况。‎ ‎(1)在以ie结尾的动词后，改ie为y，再加ing。例如：lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying。‎ ‎(2)在以c结尾的动词后加king。例如：picnic—picnicking, panic—panicking。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．Henry goes to a free class every Sunday afternoon which starts (start) at 4 pm.‎ ‎2．In addition to the farming they_have_been_doing_(do) since the 1990s, the Smiths have also started a small business in their home town successfully.‎ ‎3．(2018·江西九江十校联考) However, thanks to the international agreement, there has_been_(be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.‎ ‎4．(2018·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学月考)— Do you know if Betty will go hiking this weekend?‎ ‎— Betty? Never! She hates (hate) strong sunlight.‎ ‎5．(2018·太原市高三第二学段测评)In order to make up the missing notes, he has_been_trying (try) his best to spend as much spare time as possible doing this job these days.‎ 过去时(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)‎ ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·6月浙江高考改编)Pahlsson and her husband searched_(search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.‎ ‎2．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评)She said she had_noticed(notice) a big change in me and wondered why. ‎ ‎3．(2017·北京高考改编)—Did_(do) you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?‎ ‎—Yes. They are happy with it.‎ ‎4．(2016·北京高考改编)Jack was_working (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 一、一般过去时 ‎1．在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常见的时间状语有yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。‎ Where did you go just now?‎ 刚才你上哪儿去了？‎ ‎2．表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。‎ Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm ‎ welcome.‎ 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去参观，都受到热烈欢迎。‎ ‎3．wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，表示试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。‎ I thought you might have some.‎ 我以为你会有一些。‎ Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.‎ 达比太太在肯塔基州住过七年。‎ ‎4．表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。常见的连接词有but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。‎ The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.‎ 她一进来就告诉我她发生了什么。‎ 二、过去进行时 ‎ ‎1．过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作也发生。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last night, when, while等。‎ We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.‎ 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。‎ ‎2．过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。‎ What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday evening?‎ 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？‎ ‎3．在复合句中，如果主句动作和从句动作都是延续性的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。‎ While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.‎ 他边等车边看报纸。‎ 三、过去完成时 ‎1．过去完成时中常见的时间状语有before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。‎ He said that he had learned some English before.‎ 他说过他以前学过一些英语。‎ By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.‎ 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。‎ ‎2．在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中用过去完成时。‎ She said (that) she had never been to Paris.‎ 她说她从未去过巴黎。‎ ‎3．在状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。‎ When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.‎ 警察到时，小偷们已经跑了。‎ ‎4．表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……未能……”。‎ We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.‎ 那时我们原本希望你能来，但是你没有来。‎ ‎5．“had hardly ...when .../had no sooner ...than ...”表示“刚……就……”。‎ I had hardly/no sooner opened the door when/than he hit me.‎ 我刚打开门，他就打了我。‎ ‎6．“It was the first/second ...time that从句”中用过去完成时。‎ It was the third time that he had told me to pay attention to my handwriting.‎ 那是他第三次告诉我要注意书写。‎ 四、过去将来时 ‎1．过去将来时的用法。‎ ‎(1)表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在状态。‎ She hoped that they would meet again someday.‎ 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。‎ ‎(2)表示过去的某种习惯行为。‎ He would sit for hours doing nothing.‎ 过去他常常坐几个钟头什么事也不做。‎ ‎2．过去将来时的其他表达法。‎ 过去将来时除了用“should/would＋动词原形”表达外，还有以下几种表达法：‎ ‎(1)was/were going to ‎①表示过去的打算和意图。‎ He was going to start work the following week.‎ 他打算接下来的那个星期开始工作。(打算)‎ ‎②表示没有实现的打算和意图。‎ He was going to come last night, but it rained.‎ 他打算昨晚来，但下雨了。(没实现)‎ ‎(2)was/were to＋动词原形 这种结构通常指过去的计划、安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。‎ He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 pm.‎ 他说他下午四点去车站接他朋友。(计划安排)‎ She said she was to have taken up the position.‎ 她说她本打算上任。(计划未能实现)‎ ‎(3)was/were about to＋动词原形 这种结构表示过去即将发生的事。‎ The new school year was about to begin.‎ 新学年开学在即。‎ ‎(4)用过去进行时来表示。‎ 表示位置转移的动词(如go, come, leave, start等)的过去进行时，表示按照过去的计划、安排将在过去的将来发生的事情。‎ What were you doing when he came to see you?‎ 他来看你时你在做什么？‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·山西晋商四校联考)They had to wait and_hoped (hope) that someone would come and help them.‎ ‎2．(2018·湖南衡阳八中月考)The question was once asked of a ‎ businessman who had_succeeded_(success) highly, “How have you done so much in your lifetime？”‎ ‎3．(2018·福州八中质检)Due to the hard training they had_done (do) before, their performances were very impressive.‎ ‎4．(2018·河北唐山调研)Al was a skilled artist with a wife and two fine sons. One night, his older son_developed (develop) a severe stomachache.‎ ‎5．—Lucy, why didn't you go to see the film with us at 7 pm yesterday?‎ ‎—Sorry, but I was_doing (do) my homework.‎ 将来时(一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时)‎ ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·江西上饶一模)You'd better not trouble our manager at 9 tomorrow morning, for he_will_be_attending (attend) an international meeting then. ‎ ‎2．(2015·北京高考改编)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.‎ ‎—All right. I will_call (call) him later.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 一、一般将来时 ‎ ‎1．be going to do和will/shall do。‎ ‎(1)be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示将来的时间。‎ He is going to write a letter tonight.‎ 今天晚上他打算写封信。‎ He will write a book one day.‎ 将来有一天他想写本书。‎ ‎(2)be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情， will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。‎ He is seriously ill.He is going to die.‎ 他病得很严重。他快要死了。‎ He will be twenty years old.‎ 他即将20岁了。‎ ‎(3)be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思。‎ She is going to lend us her book.‎ 她准备把她的书借给我们。‎ He will be here in half an hour.‎ 他半小时之后就到。‎ ‎(4)在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to，而多用will。‎ If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you.‎ 如果任何野兽袭击你，我会和你在一起并帮你的。‎ ‎2．“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。‎ ‎(1)表示“将”、“计划”、“安排”(意思接近be going to)。‎ He is to visit Japan next year.‎ 明年他将访问日本。‎ ‎(2)表示“义务”、“应该”(意思接近于should, must, ought to, have to)。‎ No one is to leave the building.‎ 谁也不得离开这栋楼房。‎ ‎(3)表示可能性，相当于can, may。‎ Such books are to be found in the library.‎ 这样的书在图书馆里就能找到。‎ ‎(4)表示“命运”，将来必然要发生的事，意为“注定……”。‎ They said goodbye, little knowing they were never to meet again.‎ 他们道别了，根本不知道他们将永远不会再见了。‎ ‎(5)“be about to＋动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为“准备做某事”，后面一般不跟时间状语。‎ We are about to leave.‎ 我们正要离开。‎ 二、将来进行时 ‎ 将来进行时通常有以下几种用法：‎ ‎1．表示将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与特定的表示将来的时间状语连用。‎ What will you be doing at this time next Monday?‎ 下周一的这个时候你会在做什么？‎ ‎2．表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示某动作将会继续且未完成。‎ How many nights will you be staying?‎ 你打算住几个晚上？‎ ‎3．表示亲切和客气的语气。‎ Will you be having supper with us this evening?‎ 今晚你会和我们一起吃饭吗？‎ You will be coming at 6 o'clock.‎ 你要在六点钟来。‎ 三、将来完成时 ‎ 将来完成时通常有以下几种用法：‎ ‎1．表示在将来某时/某动作之前已经完成的动作。常与时间状语“by/before＋将来时间”等连用。‎ By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shenyang. ‎ 到明天这个时间你将已经到沈阳了。‎ I shall have finished this composition before 9 o'clock. ‎ 九点之前我将已经完成这篇作文了。‎ ‎2．在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，通常用现在完成时代替将来完成时。‎ You'll come to like the subject after you have studied it for some time. ‎ 在学习这个学科一段时间之后，你就会喜欢它的。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．You can pick me up at my house at 7：30 pm. I will_be_waiting_(wait) for you at that time.‎ ‎2．No one can know in advance when an earthquake will_strike_ (strike)．‎ ‎3．(2018·安徽合肥调研)It is reported that China will_have_completed (complete) its first orbiting space station by around 2022.‎ ‎4．(2015·四川高考改编)More expressways will_be_built (build) in ‎ Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.‎ ‎[题型综合练] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎ ‎(2018·榆林模拟)The question was once asked of a __1__ (success) businessman, “How have you done so much in your lifetime？” He replied, “I have dreamed. I have turned my mind loose __2__ (imagine) what I wanted to do. Then I went to bed and __3__ (think) about my dreams. In the night I dreamed about my dreams. And when I awoke in the morning, I saw the way to make my dreams real. While other people were saying, ‘You can't do that, and it is __4__ (possible). I was well on my way to __5__ (achieve) what I wanted, as Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of __6__ US said, ‘We grow great by dreams.’”‎ All big men are dreamers. Some of us let these dreams die, __7__ others protect them and take care __8__ them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light which comes always to those who __9__ (sincere) hope that their dreams will come true. So please, don't let anyone steal your dreams, or try to tell you they are too unrealistic.“Sing your __10__ (song), and dream your dreams; hope your hope and pray your prayer.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过成功商人的例子告诉我们要拥有梦想并要坚持自己的梦想。‎ ‎1．successful　修饰名词应用形容词形式。‎ ‎2．to imagine　作目的状语应用动词不定式短语。‎ ‎3．thought　此处叙述的是过去的事情，且和“went to bed”并列，因此用thought。‎ ‎4．impossible　根据上文“You can't do that”可知用impossible作表语。‎ ‎5．achieving　句中的to为介词，因此此处应使用动名词形式。‎ ‎6．the　此处指美国，故用the US。‎ ‎7．but/while　空格前后两个分句之间为转折或对比关系，故用but/while。‎ ‎8．of　take care of“照顾”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎9．sincerely　修饰动词hope应用副词形式。‎ ‎10．songs　song为可数名词，根据句中的“dreams”可知此处应用复数形式。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·渭南模拟)The best advice I received in my childhood was from my dad. He always gives me some advice, but I seldom took them seriously. One day he was encouraged me to participate in a speech competition. So I signed up and after the competition, I did my best to be full prepared. But the moment I stood on the stage, I was too nervous that my mind completely went blank.‎ The experience of lose a competition was really painful. Then, my dad said, “My son, life is like battlefield. You have to lose many time to win the final victory.” Thanks for his advice, I never give up when I do anything.‎ 答案：第二句：gives→gave; them→it 第三句：去掉was 第四句：after→before; full→fully 第五句：too→so 第六句：lose→losing 第七句：like后加a 第八句：time→times 第九句：for→to