【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句学案（11页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句学案（11页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 名词性从句学案 一、各种名词性从句的定义 ‎①Whoever comes here before 12 o'clock can see the dolphin's good performance. (主语从句)‎ 无论谁在12点之前来到这里都能看到海豚精彩的表演。‎ ‎②Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. (宾语从句)‎ 杰瑞并不后悔提出自己的意见，但是他感觉他本来可以换种方式表达的。‎ ‎③When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. (同位语从句)‎ 当战争已爆发的消息传来时，他决定到军队中服役。‎ ‎④—What a mess! You are always so lazy!‎ ‎—I'm not to blame, mum. I am what you have made me.(江苏高考单选改编)(表语从句)‎ ‎——真乱啊！你总是这么懒！‎ ‎——我不应该受到责备，妈妈。是你让我成为这样的。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。‎ ‎2．宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。‎ ‎3．同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。‎ ‎4．表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。‎ 二、that引导的名词性从句 ‎1．that引导主语从句 ‎①That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.‎ 你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。‎ ‎②As I searched the name Linda on the Internet, it became evident that there're two with the same name who look completely different.‎ 当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但名字相同的人。‎ ‎③It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.‎ 人们普遍认为信息技术既有优点又有缺点。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可以省略。‎ ‎1．that引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可以省略。‎ ‎2．that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：‎ ‎(1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎(2)It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎2．that引导宾语从句 ‎①Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(北京高考单选改编)‎ 专家认为可以通过只有必须时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。‎ ‎②Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.‎ 汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。‎ ‎③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.‎ 我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎(1)常见的可以接that(that 可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。‎ ‎(2)that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。‎ ‎3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句 ‎①The advantage is that smiling can not only make us happy, but also please others. (表语从句)‎ 其优势在于微笑不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。‎ ‎②I really agree with Susan's idea that the best gift should be whatever you devote the time and energy to.(重庆高考写作二) (同位语从句)‎ 我确实赞同苏珊的看法：最好的礼物应该是你为之投入了时间和精力的。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎(1)that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。‎ ‎(2)that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但一般不能省略。‎ 三、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句 ‎①It remains to be seen whether this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.‎ 这个计划是否足够实用，以使这个项目继续下去还有待观察。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎②I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert.‎ 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)‎ ‎③The question is whether it is worth trying.‎ 问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎④The question whether the work was worth doing has not been decided.‎ 这项工作是否值得做的问题还有待定论。 (同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎⑤I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.‎ 我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。 (介词后的宾语从句中，不可以用if代替whether)‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。‎ ‎(1)与or或or not连用时通常用whether ‎(2)从句作介词宾语时只能用whether ‎2．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。‎ 四、who, why, how, where, when等引导的名词性从句 ‎①It never occurred to me how tough it was to begin a new life in a strange city. ‎ 我从来也没有想过在一个陌生的城市开始新生活是多么困难。‎ ‎②Who will be chosen as the best singer has not been decided.‎ 谁将被选为最佳歌手还没有决定。‎ ‎③I don't know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.‎ 我不知道到底为什么我们的校长缺席如此重要的会议。‎ ‎④I have no idea when she will be back.‎ 我不知道她将什么时候回来。‎ ‎⑤Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's where I was born.” (四川高考单选改编)‎ 奶奶指着那个医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．who, why, how, where, when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。‎ ‎2．能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see, tell, ask,‎ ‎ answer, know, decide, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。‎ ‎3．以上词可引导介词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ 五、what, whever引导的名词性从句 ‎①“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me. (浙江高考单选改编)(表语从句)‎ ‎“每次你吃甜点的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常对我说的话。‎ ‎②Don't believe the advertisement. After all, it is the customers who pay for whatever you are given.(宾语从句)‎ 不要相信广告。毕竟是羊毛出在羊身上，还是顾客买单。‎ ‎③We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (宾语从句)‎ 我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有与这位电影明星合影的机会。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。‎ ‎2．“疑问词＋ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论……的哪一个/哪一些”。‎ ‎[点津]　“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎④Whatever you say, I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)‎ 无论你说什么，我都不相信。‎ 六、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ‎①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.‎ 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)‎ ‎②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.‎ 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。‎ ‎2．定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。‎ 常考点一：主语从句 ‎1．(2017·北京高考)Every year, ________makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.‎ A．whatever　　　　　　　　 B．whoever C．whomever D．whichever 解析：选B　句意：每年制作出最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节上获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故选择B项。‎ ‎2．(2016·江苏高考)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ A．why B．what C．as D．that 解析：选D　句意：经常是这种情况，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。‎ 常考点二：宾语从句 ‎3．(2017·江苏高考)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to ＄20, half of ________ it used to charge.‎ A．that B．which C．what D．how 解析：选C　句意：我们选择这家宾馆，因为一晚的价格下降到20美元，‎ 是它以前收取价格的一半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，在of后面what既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作charge的宾语。此题易误选which引导定语从句，结构没有错误，但逻辑讲不通。‎ ‎4．(2017·天津高考)She asked me________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.‎ A．when B．where C．whether D．what 解析：选C　句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有。whether“是否”，引导宾语从句。‎ ‎5．(2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.‎ A．why B．where C．how D．when 解析：选B　句意：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，根本不知道去往何方。本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，根据句意和句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词。‎ 常考点三：表语从句 ‎6．(2016·北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ A．what B．that C．whether D．why 解析：选B　句意：雨季最令人愉悦的一点就是人们可以免受灰尘的困扰。be动词后面跟表语从句，而且从句是一个完整的句子，所以用that引导。‎ ‎7．(2018·淮安高三模拟)The difference between a smart man and a wise man is ________ a smart man knows what to say while a wise man knows whether or not to say it. ‎ A．where B．when C．that D．whether 解析：选C　句意：一个聪明的人和一个明智的人的差别在于聪明的人知道说些什么而明智的人知道是否应该说。be动词后面应该跟表语从句，该从句中不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。‎ ‎8．(2018·南京、盐城模拟)What she would like to discuss with me was ‎ ________ while everybody said she was a lazy person, she did not think so.‎ A．what B．that C．why D．whether 解析：选B　句意：她想要和我讨论的事是这样的——虽然所有的人都说她是一个懒惰的人，但她自己不这样认为。What she would like to discuss with me是主语从句，was后面是一个表语从句，这个表语从句是完整的，故用that引导。‎ 常考点四：同位语从句 ‎9．(2016·天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ A．whether B．that C．which D．what ‎ 解析：选B　句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有一个秘书，有太多的工作要做。“我们应该有一个秘书”是“建议”的具体内容，所以用that引导同位语从句。‎ ‎10．(2018·苏州联考)His promise ________ he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie, ________ made the public feel cheated.‎ A．which; what B．that; which C．what; which D．which; that 解析：选B　句意：他会捐赠年收入的一半给残疾人的承诺结果证明是一个谎言，这使公众觉得被骗了。第一空用that引导同位语从句说明承诺的具体内容；第二空用关系代词which代指前面整个句子，作定语从句的主语。故B项正确。‎ 常考点五：whever引导的名词性从句 ‎11．(2016·北京高考)Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.‎ A．However B．Whoever C．Whatever D．Wherever 解析：选C　句意：你的支持对于我们来说非常重要，不管做什么，都有帮助。这是两个句子。后面的句子中主语是whatever you can do；谓语动词是helps。whatever引导主语从句，并且在从句中作宾语。‎ ‎12．(2018·江苏南通模拟)The police went to the suspect's house and searched for ________ they could find to prove him guilty.‎ A．whoever B．wherever C．whichever D．whatever 解析：选D　句意：警察去了嫌疑人的家，搜寻他们能找到的用来证明他犯罪的任何事物。此处应用whatever引导宾语从句，表示“任何事物”，而且whatever在宾语从句中作find的宾语。‎ 单项填空 ‎1．—What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success?‎ ‎—________ he keeps focused on what he is doing.‎ A．Because　　　　　　　　 B．How C．Whether D．That 解析：选D　句意：“你认为什么使他获得了巨大的成功？”“他集中于他所做的事，坚持不懈。”问句中询问的是主句中的主语，答句中省略了has contributed to his huge success，横线后面句子成分完整，that在此处引导主语从句。‎ ‎2．(2018·扬中、六合等华罗庚七校高三联考) The infrastructure of a country can be defined as ________ makes everything run well, and it includes things like transport, irrigation, electricity, telephones and schools.‎ A．that B．where C．which D．what 解析：选D　句意：一个国家的基础设施可以定义为能使国家运行平稳的东西，它包括交通、水利、电力、通讯及学校。what引导宾语从句，作动词短语be defined as的宾语，而且what在从句中作主语。‎ ‎3．(2018·南通、徐州高三联考) Many people have heard of the “brain drain”. This is ________ happens ________ people with good skills and a good education move to other country for study or work, often at great expense of their home countries.‎ A．which; when B．what; that C．what; when D．why; when 解析：选C　句意：许多人都听说过“人才外流”。这是当有好技能和好的教育的人搬到另外一个国家学习或工作的时候发生的事情，经常以他们的祖国作为代价的。第一空引导表语从句，从句缺主语，用what引导；第二空引导时间状语从句，用when引导。‎ ‎4．(2018·宿迁市三校高三调研)The traditional view is ________ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.‎ A．when B．why C．whether D．that 解析：选D　句意：传统的观点认为，我们睡觉是因为大脑设计好了程序让我们这样做。空格处引导表语从句，从句不缺句子成分，且句意完整，故用that引导。‎ ‎5．(2018·江苏省重点中学高三摸底考试)________ surprised us most, I think, was that as an expert, he didn't even know ________ the problem lay.‎ A．What; what B．It; where C．What; where D．It; in which 解析：选C　句意：我认为最使我们吃惊的是，作为一名专家他甚至不知道问题在哪儿。第一空what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语；第二空where引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语。‎ ‎6．(2018·宜兴模拟) Although he is quite wealthy, he is actually ________ is known as “Tuhao” — poorly educated, he likes to show off and lacks sympathy.‎ A．what B．who C．that D．which 解析：选A　句意：尽管他很富裕，但他实际上就是所谓的“土豪”，没有接受过什么教育，喜欢炫耀，缺乏同情心。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎7．Love is ________ my mommy makes coffee for my daddy and she takes a sip before giving it to him to make sure the taste is OK.‎ A．that B．when C．where D．whether 解析：选B　句意：爱是当我妈妈为我爸爸煮咖啡时，在递给他之前都要尝一小口，以确定味道正好。分析题干可知，“is”之后是表语从句，结合语境可知，空格处在句中作时间状语，因此应用when作为引导词。故选B。‎ ‎8．(2018·盐城模拟)She started to photograph the documents, safe in the knowledge ________ she wouldn't be disturbed for at least an hour. ‎ A．whether B．what C．that D．when 解析：选C　句意：确信至少一个小时都不会被打搅，她开始拍摄文件。safe in the knowledge that“确信，料定”，that后面引导的是同位语从句，对knowledge进行解释说