【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解说明文10篇训练（一）学案（含有解析）（15页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解说明文10篇训练（一）学案（含有解析）（15页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解说明文10篇训练（一）‎ ‎【一】‎ Store scent(香味)‎ What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed(展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?‎ But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no.But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.‎ A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers' intention to purchase increased by 80 per cent.‎ When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris, scent is just as important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.‎ Some years ago, the focus for bread name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving attitude and don'ttouchwhatyoucan'tafford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (ecommerce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while eshops can use sights and sounds, only bricksandmortar stores(实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination．And scent is just one way to achieve this.‎ Now, a famous store uses complex manmade smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut(椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books，pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.‎ ‎67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores?‎ A. Friendly assistants.‎ B. Unique scents.‎ C. Soft background music.‎ D. Attractive window display.‎ ‎68. Eshops are mentioned in the passage to ________．‎ A. show the advantages of bricksandmortar stores B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude C. push stores to use sights and sounds D. introduce the rise of ecommerce ‎69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means ________．‎ A. a platform that exhibits goods B. a spot where travellers like to stay C. a place where customers love to go D. a target that a store expects to meet ‎70. The main purpose of the passage is to ________．‎ A. compare and evaluate B. examine and assess C. argue and discuss D. inform and explain ‎【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了香味对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求的刺激，并根据商品的不同而调节香味。‎ ‎67. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“And it is proving to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.”可知，此句中的it指的是前面的scent，故选B。‎ ‎68. A　推理判断题。根据第五段中“But while eshops…only bricksandmortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience…”可知作者的倾向非常明显，认为实体店能提供完整的购物体验，即强调传统实体店的优势。故选A。‎ ‎69. C　词义猜测题。destination的本意是“目的地”‎ ‎，与上文提到的shop场地相通，但意义迥异，不仅是购物的地方，更多的是一种购物的完整体验，有视觉、听觉和味觉的多重享受。这里的意义是针对消费者而言的，而不是商店或商家。A、D选项都是针对商家的，而B项跟文章没有关系。故选C。‎ ‎70. D　主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是谈论香味对购物心理的影响，是一篇说明文，所以重在介绍和解释香味对于实体店的影响。A项意为“对比和评估”，对比谈到了，而评价涉及较少；B意为“检测和评估”，科学检测意味太浓，跟本文大意不符。C项意为“争辩”，没有批评靶子的情况下，这种说法不成立。所以本题选D，介绍并解释了“香味”，而没有进行科学试验。‎ ‎【二】‎ You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association，founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(贫困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising“change makers” seeking to solve(解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a change maker.‎ Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.‎ When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把……制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers(化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14，000.‎ Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.‎ ‎72．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Change makers B．Businessmen C．Social conditions D．Rubbish problems ‎73．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “________”．‎ A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and Iftekhar C．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in Dhaka ‎74．It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he________．‎ A．considers Drayton's concept B．gets permission from Ashoka C．tries to improve social conditions D．is a young, happy and healthy adult ‎75．The author's attitude towards Ashoka's programme can be described as “________”．‎ A．changing B．forgiving C．cautious D．positive ‎【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的名叫“阿育王”的扶贫济困机构。‎ ‎72. A　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是Ashoka这个扶贫济困机构，该机构旨在让每一个公民都成为change maker。第一段两次出现change maker，第二段首句为主题句。故选A。‎ ‎73. D　代词指代题。 根据第三段“At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them…”中有三个人称代词，前两个为they，均指代Masqsood and Iftekhar。故画线的them指代上文的the poor people in the city。故选D。‎ ‎74. C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“In fact, it is many young people's ambition ‎ to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.”可推知尽力改善社会环境的任何人都可以成为change maker。‎ ‎75. D　观点态度题。文章对Ashoka's programme—change makers自始至终充满着赞赏之词，显然作者对此是持积极态度的。故选D。‎ ‎【三】‎ Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic(经济的) reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?‎ In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.‎ It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.‎ Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.‎ ‎68．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?‎ A．Some of them are not attractive.‎ B．Most of them are too expensive to preserve.‎ C．They are more pleasing than modern buildings.‎ D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.‎ ‎69．Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?‎ A．We should reproduce the same old buildings.‎ B．Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.‎ C．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.‎ D．No one understands why people speak against new buildings.‎ ‎70．By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “________”．‎ A．destroy old buildings B．put things in a different place C．choose new architectural style D．respect people's feelings for historical buildings ‎71．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To explain why people dislike change.‎ B．To warn that we could end up living in caves.‎ C．To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.‎ D．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.‎ ‎【要点综述】 本文为一篇议论文。保护古建筑与城市的发展是相互矛盾的，作者就如何解决这个矛盾谈了自己的看法。‎ ‎68. A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”可知选A。‎ ‎69. C　细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，作者认为有些古建筑破坏了其所在的地区。故选C。‎ ‎70. C　词义猜测题。move things forward意为“将事情向前推进”。接下来的两句对此进行了阐释：作者宁愿冒险选择一些新的建筑风格而不愿复制以前的建筑风格。故C项正确。‎ ‎71. D　写作意图题。本文为议论文，作者就热门话题——古建筑保护与新建筑的建设是否矛盾发表了自己的看法。作者在第二段提出自己的观点“In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.” 接下来就此进行了论证。故选D。‎ ‎【四】‎ You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible(有形的) things such as cats, photos and many toys.‎ These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”—the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.‎ Some of the collections are fairly common—records, model houses. Others are strangely beautiful—branches that have fallen from trees, for example. But they all reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.‎ Others on the way include“The Museum of Collectors”and “The Museum of Me”. These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of”. The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.‎ Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence—“it's a growingup things; you stop when you grow up，” says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial(顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.‎ ‎64．How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?‎ A．By collecting more tangible things.‎ B．By showing what ordinary people have collected.‎ C．By correcting what museums normally represent.‎ D．By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.‎ ‎65．What can be learned about collectors from their collections?‎ A．Who they are.‎ B．How old they are.‎ C．Where they were born.‎ D．Why they might not mean to collect.‎ ‎66．Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?‎ A．To help people sell their collections.‎ B．To encourage more people to collect.‎ C．To study the significance of collecting.‎ D．To find out why people visit museums.‎ ‎67．According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they ________．‎ A．become adults B．feel happy with life C．are ready for a relationship D．feel time to be uncontrollable ‎【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。每个人都是人生艺术走廊的收藏者。未来两年，The Museum Of将举办40多场无名收藏者的收藏展。‎ ‎64. B　细节理解题。第二段最后一句中的doing so指代的是上句的“…over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors.”故选B。‎ ‎65. A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知选A。‎ ‎66. C　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知选C。‎ ‎67. A　细节理解题。根据最后一段首句可知选A。‎ ‎【五】‎ As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind farms; yet they never take “direct action”， even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies(财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favourable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民)．‎ Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the ‎ damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbonbased power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for noncarbon energy generation. ‎ Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.‎ We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.‎ The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.‎ ‎72．We can learn from the first paragraph that________．‎ A．energy policy catches much attention of the public B．the residents are in favour of the expansion of wind farms C．many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies D．the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents ‎73．Supporters think that the expansion of wind power ________．‎ A．is more rapid than that of carbonbased power B．guarantees an increase in energy output C．is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power D．agrees with EU targets for noncarbon energy generation ‎74．It can be inferred from the passage that________．‎ A．an official report will settle the energy problem B．the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms C．the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation D．political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts ‎75．Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?‎ A．Increase political impact on energy policy.‎ B．Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.‎ C．Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.‎ D．Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.‎ ‎【要点综述】 本文是一篇社会生活类文章。文章介绍了人们特别关心能源政策，尤其是风力发电站引起了多方的关注和不同观点的探讨。‎ ‎72．A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“…few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.”可知能源政策引起了公众更多的注意，因此A项正确。‎ ‎73．D　细节理解题。第二段主要列举了支持者和反对者的观点。支持者认为风能一定是可再生能源，也是核能和碳能混合体的一部分，国家一直致力于满足欧盟的非碳能源生产的目标。因此D项正确。‎ ‎74．B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知B项正确。 ‎ ‎75．C　推理判断题。根据第四段，尤其是其中的“…and let the country be the judge.”可知C项正确。‎ ‎【六】‎ For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevator's role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地), and elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.‎ If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we're hanging from a cable in a long passage.‎ In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it，” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.‎ Today, as the world's urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America's total number of elevators—900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine's “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that's becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are. ‎ ‎67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A. The general view of elevators.‎ B. The particular interests of experts.‎ C. The desire for a remarkable machine.‎ D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.‎ ‎68. The author's purpose in mentioning cars is ________．‎ A. to contrast their functions with elevators'‎ B. to emphasize the importance of elevators C. to reveal their secret war against elevators D. to explain people's preference for elevators ‎69. According to Prof Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?‎ A. Vertical direction.‎ B. Lack of excitement.‎ C. Little physical space.‎ D. Uncomfortable conditions.‎ ‎70. The author urges readers to consider ________．‎ A. the exact number of elevator lovers B. the serious future situation of elevators C. the role of elevators in city development D. the relationship between cars and elevators ‎【要点概述】 本文是一篇议论文。文章告诉我们，电梯在美国人的生活中是非常重要的，它使人们向垂直方向发展。随着城市规模的扩大，电梯的使用越来越多，人们要更加关注电梯的作用。‎ ‎67. A　推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles.”可知，大部分人都认为电梯是不值得关注的机器，而Dr Christopher Wilk认为这是一种错误的想法，他认为电梯和汽车几乎同样重要。故this是指大众对于电梯的错误的看法，所以A项正确。‎ ‎68. B　推理判断题。作者在第一段中提到汽车，提到了它的作用“…with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地)…”，然后提到电梯的作用“…elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.”，其目的是用汽车的作用说明电梯的作用及它的重要性。 所以B项正确。‎ ‎69. C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“…that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience.”以及“‘We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.’”可知人们乘坐电梯的时候感觉是拥挤的、不愉快的，而这主要是因为电梯里的空间太小，给人压抑感。所以C项正确。‎ ‎70. C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Today, as the world's urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America's total number of elevators—900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine's ‘2012 Vertical Transportation Industry’—are a force that's becoming more important than ever.”‎ 可知，随着城市规模的扩大，电梯的使用越来越多，它起的作用比以往更重要了，所以人们要更加关注电梯的作用。所以C项正确。‎ ‎【七】‎ The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 per cent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zerocarbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.‎ The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.‎ ‎“Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”In other words，old habits die hard, even in the bestdesigned ecohome.‎ Another part of the problem is information. Households and billpayers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energyuse habits. Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback(反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 per cent energy savings using smart meters.‎ Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器), for example.‎ Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.‎ ‎66. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________．‎ A. zerocarbon homes B. the behaviour of building users C. sustainable building design D. the reduction of carbon emissions ‎67. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“________”．‎ A. the ways B. their homes C. developments D. existing efforts ‎68. What are Katy Janda's words mainly about?‎ A. The importance of changing building users' habits.‎ B. The necessity of making a careful building design.‎ C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.‎ D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.‎ ‎69. The information gap in energy use ________．‎ A. can be bridged by feedback facilities B. affects the study on energy monitors C. brings about problems for smart meters D. will be caused by building users' old habits ‎70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?‎ A. The social science research is to be furthered.‎ B. The education programme is under discussion.‎ C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.‎ D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.‎ ‎【要点综述】 英国能源研究中心新的研究表明加强对人们的教育对于减少二氧化碳的排放是非常重要的。‎ ‎66. B ‎　细节理解题。文章第一句就提到了在能源使用方面，房子使用者的行为至少和设计一样重要，因此英国能源研究中心新的研究强调的是房子使用者的行为。‎ ‎67. D　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知这里which指代的就是existing efforts。‎ ‎68. A　推理判断题。文章第三段Katy的话强调的是房子使用者的消耗习惯所起的重要作用，因此A项正确。‎ ‎69. A　细节理解题。文章第四段的“Feedback(反馈) facilities…could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use…”说明设施的反馈可以弥补信息差的局限性，因此A是正确答案。‎ ‎70. C　推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到房子使用者的行为是不可预测的。‎ ‎【八】‎ However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.‎ Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.‎ Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends？This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.‎ For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make betterinformed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all：there's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.‎ Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.‎ In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money”．People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage：“value for time”. The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.‎ ‎58．According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________．‎ A．making more money B．taking more opportunities C．reducing missed opportunities D．weighing the choice of opportunities ‎59．The “leftover…time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________．‎ A．spared for watching the match at home B．taken to have dinner with friends C．spent on the way to and from the match D．saved from not going to watch the match ‎60．What are forgone opportunities?‎ A．Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking.‎ B．Opportunities you give up for better ones.‎ C．Opportunities you miss accidentally.‎ D．Opportunities you make up for.‎ ‎【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。在我们的生活中，无论是对金钱还是时间而言，我们都需要一直寻找更好的机会。本文从经济学的角度诠释了这些概念。‎ ‎58．D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.”‎ 可知机会成本，简单指某人的时间或者金钱是否可以被更好地用在其他方面，即权衡机会的选择，故D项正确。‎ ‎59．C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知“leftover…time”是指上文中提到的去体育场往返路上的时间，C项是同义句，故选C。‎ ‎60．B　推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词forgone可以定位到本文第四段。根据第四段第一句“…every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo…”及最后一句的“…still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.”可知答案是B。‎ ‎【九】‎ Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingertips.‎ With existing medical knowledge and skills, two thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not. ‎ ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC8 aircraft, there is a fullyequipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries. ‎ ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during threeweek medical programmes. ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programmes in China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China, ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a longterm plan to develop a training centre and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.‎ For just US$38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1，300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13，000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve ‎ the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.‎ ‎65. The first paragraph is intended to ________．‎ A. introduce a new way of reading B. advise the public to lead a simple life C. direct the public's attention to the blind D. encourage the public to use imagination ‎66. What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?‎ A. They are adequate.‎ B. They have not been updated.‎ C. They are not equally distributed.‎ D. They have benefited most of the blind.‎ ‎67. ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________．‎ A. teaching medical students B. training doctors and nurses C. running flying hospitals globally D. setting up nonprofit organizations ‎68. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?‎ A. Appeal for donations.‎ B. Make an advertisement.‎ C. Promote training programmes.‎ D. Show sympathy for the blind.‎ ‎69. What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A. ORBIS in China ‎ B. Fighting blindness C. ORBIS flying hospital ‎ D. Sightsaving techniques ‎【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名叫ORBIS的专门培训为盲人治眼的医生和护士的组织。‎ ‎65. C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingertips.”可知，第一段的主要目的是吸引公众对盲人的关注。 ‎ ‎66．C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.”可知，现存的医疗知识和技能在世界的分布是不均的。‎ ‎ 67.B　细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there.”以及第四段第二句“ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses…”可知，ORBIS的目的是通过培训医生和护士来帮助盲人。 ‎ ‎68. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是倒数第二句“Your money can open their eyes to the world.”可知，作者的目的是呼吁捐款。 ‎ ‎69. C　主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文主要介绍了ORBIS飞行医院项目。故选C项。‎ ‎【十】‎ A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.‎ How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?‎ This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less ‎ progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.‎ It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become…take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.‎ ‎28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair? ‎ A. To trick the lion. ‎ B. To show off his skills.‎ C. To get ready for a fight.‎ D. To entertain the audience.‎ ‎29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?‎ A. They feel puzzled over choices. ‎ B. They hold on to the wrong things.‎ C. They find it hard to make changes. ‎ D. They have to do something for show.‎ ‎30. What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful.‎ C. Respectful. D. Supportive.‎ ‎31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， you're advised to ________．‎ A. wait for a better chance B. break your old habits C. make a quick decision D. ask for clear guidance ‎【要点综述】 ‎ 本文是一篇议论文。本文作者利用驯兽师对待狮子的例子说明了人们在面临多种选择感到困惑时该如何做。当我们面对多种选择时，我们常常不知该选哪一种，因此进展较少，或保持原样。实际上，我们应该专注于一件事，然后下决心做下去。‎ ‎28. A　细节理解题。根据首段中的“When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.”可知，当驯兽师拿着椅子在狮子面前时，狮子会关注椅子的四条腿，故可知椅子用是用来戏耍狮子的。故选A。‎ ‎29. A　推理判断题。根据首段中的“With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.”可知，当关注的东西很分散时，狮子开始变得困惑，人们与狮子相似，在面临很多选择时也会感到困惑，不知道该怎么做。故选A。‎ ‎30. B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best…”可知，专家们正忙于讨论哪一种选择是最好的，这令作者苦恼，由此推断作者对专家的态度是怀疑的。故选B。‎ ‎31. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started.”可知，当世界在你面前挥舞着一把椅子时，你要集中精力做一件事。故选C。‎