【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断类型解题指导学案（页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断类型解题指导学案（页word版）

‎【考情探究】‎ 考点 考向 考情分析 预测热度 考频统计 考查目标 ‎2018.11‎ ‎2018.6‎ ‎2017.11‎ ‎2017.6‎ ‎2016.10‎ 阅读理解 推理判断 ‎5‎ ‎3‎ ‎4‎ ‎4‎ ‎4‎ 考纲要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索,进行逻辑推断,理解作者所要表达的深层含义,推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性 ‎★★★‎ 分析解读　　1.推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章和句子的表层信息,更要理解字里行间的深层含义,并且经常要求考生根据文章的信息判断作者的观点和态度,因此是属于难度较大的一类题目。‎ ‎2.推理判断题在高考中的设题相对稳定,一般会占到40%左右。‎ ‎3.推理判断题的设题有一定的难度梯度。题目的设置不仅涉及文章句子的理解,而且会涉及对社会文化的理解等。因此要做好推理判断题,考生还要在平时掌握一定的英语语言文章的背景知识。‎ 过专题 ‎【五年高考】‎ A组　2018年全国高考题组 Passage 1(2018浙江6月,A)词数:313‎ In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like“By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.‎ In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.‎ How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.‎ ‎1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?‎ A.They were difficult to understand.‎ B.They were popular among the rich.‎ C.They were seen as nearly worthless.‎ D.They were written mostly by women.‎ ‎2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress　　　. ‎ A.his reputation in France B.his interest in modern art C.his success in publication D.his importance in literature ‎3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A.To remember a great writer.‎ B.To introduce an English novel.‎ C.To encourage studies on culture.‎ D.To promote values of the Victorian age.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.D ‎3.A Passage 2(2018课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:351‎ We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.‎ To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.‎ As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.‎ So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ ‎1.What does the author think of new devices?‎ A.They are environment-friendly.‎ B.They are no better than the old.‎ C.They cost more to use at home.‎ D.They go out of style quickly.‎ ‎2.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?‎ A.To reduce the cost of minerals.‎ B.To test the life cycle of a product.‎ C.To update consumers on new technology.‎ D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.‎ ‎3.Which of the following uses the least energy?‎ A.The box-set TV.　　　B.The tablet.‎ C.The LCD TV.　　　D.The desktop computer.‎ ‎4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?‎ A.Stop using them.　　　B.Take them apart.‎ C.Upgrade them.　　　D.Recycle them.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.D ‎3.B ‎4.A Passage 3(2018课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:368‎ While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.‎ Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.‎ Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园)of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.‎ The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线)of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.‎ Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).‎ Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.‎ Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.‎ ‎“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.‎ ‎“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.‎ The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.‎ ‎1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are 　　　. ‎ A.following the latest world trend B.getting international recognition C.working harder than ever before D.relying on foreign architects ‎2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?‎ A.Its hilly environment.‎ B.Its large size.‎ C.Its unique style.‎ D.Its diverse functions.‎ ‎3.What made Wang’s architectural design a success?‎ A.The mixture of different shapes.‎ B.The balance of East and West.‎ C.The use of popular techniques.‎ D.The harmony of old and new.‎ ‎4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?‎ A.Spread them to the world.‎ B.Preserve them at museums.‎ C.Teach them in universities.‎ D.Recreate them in practice.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.C ‎3.D ‎4.D Passage 4(2018北京,C)词数:345‎ Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.‎ Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.‎ Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in ‎ polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”‎ Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?‎ Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”‎ ‎1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?‎ A.They take plastics as their everyday food.‎ B.They are newly evolved creatures.‎ C.They can consume plastics.‎ D.They wind up in landfills.‎ ‎2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to　　　. ‎ A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the breakdown speed ‎3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might　　　. ‎ A.help to raise worms B.help make plastic bags C.be used to clean the oceans D.be produced in factories in future ‎4.What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A.To explain a study method on worms.‎ B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.‎ C.To present a way to break down plastics.‎ D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.D ‎4.C Passage 5(2018天津,B)词数:407‎ When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address?”“No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.”‎ ‎“Oh, stop. There it is!”‎ The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.‎ ‎“May I help you?”a man asked.“No,”I said.“We’re fine.”Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in?Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem?I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are?”he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum!”He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“What’s this place?”I asked, still confused.“Well, it’s our home.”My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out,“Sally!Come down immediately!”‎ ‎“There’s some really good stuff(艺术作品)up there.”She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying,“Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.”Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.‎ The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.‎ Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?”‎ ‎　　“Yes. But how do you know?We never told anyone.”‎ ‎“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I’ve always wanted to thank you.”‎ ‎1.What do we know about Marian McNay?‎ A.She was a painter.‎ B.She was a community leader.‎ C.She was a museum director.‎ D.She was a journalist.‎ ‎2.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?‎ A.She disliked people who were nosy.‎ B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers.‎ C.She knew more about art than the man.‎ D.She mistook him for a tour guide.‎ ‎3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?‎ A.Puzzled.　　　　　B.Concerned.　　　　　C.Frightened.　　　　　D.Delighted.‎ ‎4.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?‎ A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.‎ B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.‎ C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.‎ D.The event happening in the house was more significant.‎ ‎5.What could we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.‎ B.People should spend more time with their family.‎ C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.‎ D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.D ‎3.A ‎4.D ‎5.C Passage 6(2018天津,D)词数:367‎ Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing?How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door?If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.‎ Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.‎ The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.‎ Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷)many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet”and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.‎ The pressures of “time”and“destination”are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. “Oh, a few birds,”they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.‎ Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.‎ ‎1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more　　　. ‎ A.anxious to do wonders B.sensitive to others’ feelings C.likely to develop unpleasant habits D.eager to explore the world around them ‎2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?‎ A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.‎ B.To stop complaining all the time.‎ C.To follow the teacher’s advice.‎ D.To admit mistakes honestly.‎ ‎3.The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they　　　. ‎ A.are very patient in their observation B.are really fascinated by nature C.care only about the names of birds D.question the accuracy of the field guides ‎4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?‎ A.The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.‎ B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.‎ C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.‎ D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.‎ ‎5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should　　　. ‎ A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C.open our mind to new things and ideas D.try our best to protect nature 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.A ‎3.C ‎4.B ‎5.A Passage 7(2018江苏,D)词数:704‎ Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.‎ It found many youngsters(少年)now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.‎ The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s Commissioner(专员)Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.‎ Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to demand “likes” for their online posts.‎ The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.‎ Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”, suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.‎ Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.‎ She said:“Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”‎ As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.‎ Miss Longfield added:“Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”‎ ‎“For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.”The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.‎ However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.‎ By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.‎ However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人)or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.‎ The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区)they faced online. And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.‎ Javed Khan, of children’s charity Barnardo’s, said:“It’s vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.”‎ ‎“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”‎ ‎1.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?‎ A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.‎ B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.‎ C.They were required to give quick responses.‎ D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.‎ ‎2.Some social app companies were to blame because 　　　. ‎ A.they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration B.they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters C.they encouraged youngsters to post more photos D.they didn’t stop youngsters from staying up late ‎3.Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to　　　. ‎ A.less friendliness to each other B.lower self-identity and confidence C.an increase in online cheating D.a stronger desire to stay online ‎4.According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to 　　　. ‎ A.circulate their posts quickly B.know the qualities of their posts C.use mobile phones for play D.get more public approval ‎5.What should parents do to solve the problem?‎ A.Communicate more with secondary schools.‎ B.Urge media companies to create safer apps.‎ C.Keep track of children’s use of social media.‎ D.Forbid their children from visiting the web.‎ ‎6.What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A.The influence of social media on children.‎ B.The importance of social media to children.‎ C.The problem in building a healthy relationship.‎ D.The measure to reduce risks from social media.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.A ‎3.B ‎4.D ‎5.C ‎6.A B组　2014—2017年全国高考题组 Unit 1‎ Passage 1(2017浙江,B)词数:304‎ Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.‎ How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest:most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.‎ ‎“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.‎ Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.‎ ‎1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?‎ A.American kids’ sleeping habits.‎ B.Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.‎ C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.‎ D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.‎ ‎2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?‎ A.7 hours.　　　　　B.8 hours.　　　　　C.10 hours.　　　　　D.18 hours.‎ ‎3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?‎ A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.‎ B.They tend to do things that excite them.‎ C.They follow their parents’ examples.‎ D.They don’t need to go to school early.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.B Passage 2(2017课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:290‎ I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.‎ I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.‎ I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.‎ The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.‎ Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.‎ A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.‎ ‎1.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?‎ A.Efforts made in vain.‎ B.Getting injured in his work.‎ C.Feeling uncertain about his future.‎ D.Creatures forced out of their homes.‎ ‎2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?‎ A.To rescue a woman.‎ B.To take care of a woman.‎ C.To look at a baby owl.‎ D.To cure a young owl.‎ ‎3.What made the chick calm down?‎ A.A new nest.　　　B.Some food.‎ C.A recording.　　　D.Its parents.‎ ‎4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?‎ A.It’s unexpected.　　　B.It’s beautiful.‎ C.It’s humorous.　　　D.It’s discouraging.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.A ‎4.B Passage 3(2017课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:289‎ I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors:humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen.‎ We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.‎ ‎1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?‎ A.Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent.‎ C.He wasn’t famous enough.‎ D.The director recommended someone else.‎ ‎2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?‎ A.They were of the same age.‎ B.They worked in the same theater.‎ C.They were both good actors.‎ D.They had similar characteristics.‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A.Their belief.‎ B.Their care for children.‎ C.Their success.‎ D.Their support for each other.‎ ‎4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A.To show his love of films.‎ B.To remember a friend.‎ C.To introduce a new movie.‎ D.To share his acting experience.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.D ‎3.A ‎4.B Passage 4(2017课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:274‎ Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.‎ The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.‎ Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置)was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town,”he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”‎ Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.‎ The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.‎ ‎1.In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?‎ A.It made room for new equipment.‎ B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.‎ C.It was done with the help of the audience.‎ D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.‎ ‎2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?‎ A.It was an all-time classic.‎ B.It was about the history of the town.‎ C.The audience requested it.‎ D.The theater owner found it suitable.‎ ‎3.What will probably happen to the building?‎ A.It will be repaired.‎ B.It will be turned into a museum.‎ C.It will be knocked down.‎ D.It will be sold to the city government.‎ ‎4.What can we infer about the audience?‎ A.They are disappointed with Bradford.‎ B.They are sad to part with the old theater.‎ C.They are supportive of the city officials.‎ D.They are eager to have a shopping center.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.D ‎3.C ‎4.B Unit 2‎ Passage 1(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:317‎ Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.‎ Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.‎ Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.‎ Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.‎ ‎1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A.The basic data of the Transition.‎ B.The advantages of flying cars.‎ C.The potential market for flying cars.‎ D.The designers of the Transition.‎ ‎2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?‎ A.It causes traffic jams.　　　B.It is difficult to operate.‎ C.It is very expensive.　　　D.It burns too much fuel.‎ ‎3.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?‎ A.Cautious.　　　B.Favorable.‎ C.Ambiguous.　　　D.Disapproving.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.Flying Car at Auto Show B.The Transition’s First Flight C.Pilots’ Dream Coming True D.Flying Car Closer to Reality 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.B ‎4.D Passage 2(2017课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:291‎ After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.‎ As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎1.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A.Tested.　　　B.Separated.‎ C.Forced out.　　　D.Tracked down.‎ ‎3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?‎ A.Damage to local ecology.‎ B.A decline in the park’s income.‎ C.Preservation of vegetation.‎ D.An increase in the variety of animals.‎ ‎4.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?‎ A.Doubtful.　　　B.Positive.‎ C.Disapproving.　　　D.Uncaring.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.C ‎3.A ‎4.B Passage 3(2017北京,D)词数:455‎ Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”‎ A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we ‎ could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.‎ The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.‎ Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclear chain reaction.‎ ‎1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may　　　. ‎ A.run out of human control B.satisfy human’s real desires C.command armies of killer robots D.work faster than a mathematician ‎2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to　　　. ‎ A.prevent themselves from being destroyed B.achieve their original goals independently C.do anything successfully with given orders D.beat humans in international chess matches ‎3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to　　　. ‎ A.help super intelligent machines work better B.be secure against evil human beings C.keep machines from being harmed D.avoid robots’ affecting the world ‎4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?‎ A.It will disappear with the development of AI.‎ B.It will get worse with human interference.‎ C.It will be solved but with difficulty.‎ D.It will stay for a decade.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.A ‎3.D ‎4.C Passage 4(2017天津,B)词数:359‎ Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的)view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.‎ Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.‎ Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.‎ Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.‎ This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined”it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉)and frozen on some stranger’s ‎ bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.‎ Perhaps we all live in each other’s spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for:to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.‎ That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.‎ ‎1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?‎ A.Her camera stopped working.‎ B.A woman blocked her view.‎ C.Someone asked her to leave.‎ D.A friend approached from behind.‎ ‎2.According to the author, the woman was probably 　　　. ‎ A.enjoying herself　　　B.losing her patience C.waiting for the sunset　　　D.thinking about her past ‎3.In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?‎ A.The rich color of the landscape.‎ B.The perfect positioning of the camera.‎ C.The woman’s existence in the photo.‎ D.The soft sunlight that summer day.‎ ‎4.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand 　　　. ‎ A.the need to be close to nature B.the importance of private space C.the joy of the vacation in Italy D.the shared passion for beauty ‎5.The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon 　　　. ‎ A.a particular life experience　　　B.the pleasure of traveling C.the art of photography　　　D.a lost friendship 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.A ‎3.C ‎4.D ‎5.A Unit 3‎ Passage 1(2017北京,A)词数:344‎ It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖)a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.‎ Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris’s eyes rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”‎ It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”‎ CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.‎ Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,”says Taylor.‎ Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械)that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them:Paris’s heartbeat returned.‎ ‎“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”‎ Experts say Paris is right:For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.‎ Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”‎ ‎1.What happened to Paris on a March day?‎ A.She caught a bad cold.‎ B.She had a sudden heart problem.‎ C.She was knocked down by a ball.‎ D.She shivered terribly during practice.‎ ‎2.Why does Paris say she was lucky?‎ A.She made a worthy friend.‎ B.She recovered from shock.‎ C.She received immediate CPR.‎ D.She came back on the softball team.‎ ‎3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?‎ A.Enthusiastic and kind.　　B.Courageous and calm.‎ C.Cooperative and generous.　　　　　D.Ambitious and professional.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.C ‎3.B Passage 2(2017天津,D)词数:371‎ I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.‎ The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池)as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about ‎ until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.‎ A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.‎ Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.‎ Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.‎ We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.‎ ‎1.While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to　　　. ‎ A.keep ourselves busy　　　B.get absent-minded C.grow anxious　　　D.stay focused ‎2.What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?‎ A.The Forced Wait requires some self-control.‎ B.The Forced Wait makes people passive.‎ C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.‎ D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.‎ ‎3.What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?‎ A.It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.‎ B.It doesn’t always bring the desired result.‎ C.It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.‎ D.It doesn’t give people faith and hope.‎ ‎4.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?‎ A.Take it seriously.　　　B.Don’t rely on others.‎ C.Do something else.　　　D.Don’t lose heart.‎ ‎5.The author supports his view by　　　. ‎ A.exploring various causes of “waits”‎ B.describing detailed processes of “waits”‎ C.analyzing different categories of “waits”‎ D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.A ‎3.B ‎4.D ‎5.C Passage 3(2017江苏,C)词数:452‎ A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.‎ Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free(users pay,in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.‎ But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services:translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a“God’s eye view”of activities in their own markets and beyond.‎ This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.‎ The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产)when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.‎ The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.‎ Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don’t want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.‎ ‎1.Why is there a call to break up giants?‎ A.They have controlled the data market.‎ B.They collect enormous private data.‎ C.They no longer provide free services.‎ D.They dismissed some new-born giants.‎ ‎2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?‎ A.Data giants’ technology is very expensive.‎ B.Google’s idea is popular among data firms.‎ C.Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position.‎ D.Data can be turned into new services or products.‎ ‎3.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could 　　　. ‎ A.kill a new threat　　　B.avoid the size trap C.favour bigger firms　　　D.charge higher prices ‎4.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?‎ A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure.‎ B.Governments could relieve their financial pressure.‎ C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.‎ D.Small companies could get more opportunities.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.B ‎4.D Passage 4(2016浙江10月,A)词数:414‎ Suddenly another thought went through Kate’s mind like an electric shock. An express train was due to go past about thirty minutes later. If it were not stopped, that long train, full of passengers, would fall into the stream. “Someone must go to the station and warn the station-master,” Kate thought. But who was to go? She would have to go herself. There was no one else.‎ In wind and rain she started on her difficult way. Soon she was at the bridge that crossed the Des Moines River, a bridge also built of wood, just like the bridge across Honey Creek. The storm had not washed this away, but there was no footpath across it. She would have to cross it by stepping from sleeper(枕木)to sleeper. With great care she began the dangerous crossing, sometimes on her hands and knees, hardly daring to look down between the sleepers into the wild flood waters below. If she should slip, she would fall between the sleepers, into the rapidly flowing stream.‎ At last—she never knew how long it had taken her—she felt solid ground under her feet. But there was no time to rest. She still had to run more than half a mile and had only a few minutes left. Unless she reached the station before the express did, many, many lives would be lost.‎ She did reach the station just as the train came into sight. Fortunately the station-master was standing outside. “The bridge is down! Stop the train! Oh, please stop it!” Kate shouted breathlessly.‎ The station-master went pale. He rushed into the station building and came back with a signal light. He waved the red light as the train came into the station. It was not a second too early.‎ ‎1.What did Kate decide to do?‎ A.Stop the express train.‎ B.Check the signal light.‎ C.Meet the passengers.‎ D.Visit the station-master.‎ ‎2.Which of the following words best describes Kate’s journey?‎ A.Fruitless.　　　B.Boring.‎ C.Well-planned.　　　D.Risky.‎ ‎3.Why did the station-master turn pale?‎ A.He suddenly fell ill.‎ B.He realized the danger.‎ C.He discovered his mistake.‎ D.He became over-excited.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.D ‎3.B Unit 4‎ Passage 1(2016浙江,A)词数:414‎ ‎“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.‎ With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”‎ Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is(a)not nice and(b)not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip:it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.‎ An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret.‎ ‎ The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.‎ If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).‎ Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.‎ The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.‎ ‎1.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to　　　. ‎ A.introduce a topic　　　B.present an argument C.describe the characters　　　D.clarify his writing purpose ‎2.An important negative effect of gossip is that it　　　. ‎ A.breaks up relationships B.embarrasses the listener C.spreads information around D.causes unpleasant experiences ‎3.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it　　　. ‎ A.gives them a feeling of pleasure B.helps them to make more friends C.makes them better at telling stories D.enables them to meet important people ‎4.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can　　　. ‎ A.provide students with written rules B.help people watch their own behaviors C.force schools to improve student handbooks D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors ‎5.What advice does the author give in the passage?‎ A.Never become a gossiper.‎ B.Stay away from gossipers.‎ C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies.‎ D.Think twice before you gossip.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.D ‎3.A ‎4.B ‎5.D Passage 2(2016课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:293‎ A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his ‎ 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.‎ ‎1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ A.They were made last week.‎ B.They showed undersea sceneries.‎ C.They were found by a cameraman.‎ D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.‎ ‎2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ A.Frank Hurley.　　　B.Ernest Shackleton.‎ C.Robert Falcon Scott.　　　D.Caroline Alexander.‎ ‎3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ A.Artistic creation.　　　B.Scientific research.‎ C.Money making.　　　D.Treasure hunting.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.C ‎3.C Passage 3(2016课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:293‎ You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ Jane Addams(1860—1935)‎ Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ Rachel Carson(1907—1964)‎ If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.‎ Sandra Day O’Connor(1930—present)‎ When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.‎ Rosa Parks(1913—2005)‎ On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,”said Parks.‎ ‎1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?‎ A.Her social work.　　　B.Her teaching skills.‎ C.Her efforts to win a prize.　　　D.Her community background.‎ ‎2.What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?‎ A.Her lack of proper training in law.‎ B.Her little work experience in court.‎ C.The discrimination against women.‎ D.The poor financial conditions.‎ ‎3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?‎ A.Jane Addams.　　　B.Rachel Carson.‎ C.Sandra Day O’Connor.　　　D.Rosa Parks.‎ ‎4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?‎ A.They are highly educated.　　　B.They are truly creative.‎ C.They are pioneers.　　　D.They are peace-lovers.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.D ‎4.C Passage 4(2016课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:279‎ If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.‎ Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.‎ There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. ‎ At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.‎ Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.‎ ‎1.What can people do at the apple events?‎ A.Attend experts’ lectures.‎ B.Visit fruit-loving families.‎ C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.‎ D.Taste many kinds of apples.‎ ‎2.What can we learn about Decio?‎ A.It is a new variety.　　　B.It has a strange look.‎ C.It is rarely seen now.　　　D.It has a special taste.‎ ‎3.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A.A practical idea.　　　B.A vain hope.‎ C.A brilliant plan.　　　D.A selfish desire.‎ ‎4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A.To show how to grow apples.‎ B.To introduce an apple festival.‎ C.To help people select apples.‎ D.To promote apple research.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.C ‎3.B ‎4.B Unit 5‎ Passage 1(2016课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:356‎ Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.‎ ‎“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media,”says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”‎ Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more ‎ likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.‎ Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book,“Contagious:Why Things Catch On.”‎ ‎1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?‎ A.News reports.　　　B.Research papers.‎ C.Private e-mails.　　　D.Daily conversations.‎ ‎2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?‎ A.They’re socially inactive.‎ B.They’re good at telling stories.‎ C.They’re inconsiderate of others.‎ D.They’re careful with their words.‎ ‎3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?‎ A.Sports news.　　　B.Science articles.‎ C.Personal accounts.　　　D.Financial reviews.‎ ‎4.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B.Online News Attracts More People C.Reading Habits Change with the Times D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.B ‎4.D Passage 2(2016北京,B)词数:368‎ Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)‎ Natalie Doan,14,has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,”she says.‎ On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed.‎ When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.‎ ‎“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,”Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”‎ Natalie’s choice was to help.‎ She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.‎ In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids:Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.‎ Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”‎ ‎1.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found　　　. ‎ A.some friends had lost their lives B.her neighborhood was destroyed C.her school had moved to Brooklyn D.the elderly were free from suffering ‎2.According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?‎ A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild.‎ B.The people trapped in high-rise buildings.‎ C.The volunteers donating money to survivors.‎ D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.‎ ‎3.How did Natalie help the survivors?‎ A.She gave her toys to other kids.‎ B.She took care of younger children.‎ C.She called on the White House to help.‎ D.She built an information sharing platform.‎ ‎4.What does the story intend to tell us?‎ A.Little people can make a big difference.‎ B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ C.East or west, home is best.‎ D.Technology is power.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.A ‎3.D ‎4.A Passage 3(2016天津,A)词数:294‎ A Language Programme for Teenagers Welcome to Teenagers Abroad!We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.‎ Our Courses Regardless of your choice of course, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.‎ Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas—speaking, listening, reading and writing.‎ Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning(see table below).‎ Course Type Days Number of Lessons Course Timetable Standard Course Mon—Fri ‎20 lessons ‎9:00—12:30‎ Intensive Course Mon—Fri ‎20 lessons ‎9:00—12:30‎ ‎10 lessons ‎13:00—14:30‎ Evaluation Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills.The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.‎ Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.‎ Arrivals and Transfer Our programme offers the full package—students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance.‎ Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.‎ We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.‎ ‎1.How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?‎ A.It is less effective.　　　B.It focuses on speaking.‎ C.It includes extra lessons.　　　D.It gives you confidence.‎ ‎2.When can a student attend Standard Course?‎ A.13:00—14:30 Monday.‎ B.9:00—12:30 Tuesday.‎ C.13:00—14:30 Friday.‎ D.9:00—12:30 Saturday.‎ ‎3.Before starting their programme, students are expected to　　　. ‎ A.take a language test B.have an online interview C.prepare learning materials D.report their language levels ‎4.With the full package, the programme organiser is supposed to　　　. ‎ A.inform students of their full flight details B.look after students throughout the programme C.offer students free sightseeing trips D.collect students’ luggage in advance ‎5.Which of the following may require an extra payment?‎ A.Cooked dinner.　　　B.Mealtime dessert.‎ C.Packed lunch.　　　D.Special diet.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.A ‎4.B ‎5.D Passage 4(2016江苏,C)词数:443‎ El Niño, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.‎ The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997-98 helped America’s economy grow by$15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.‎ But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.‎ The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth$36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.‎ Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.‎ ‎1.What can we learn about El Niño in Paragraph 1?‎ A.It is named after a South American fisherman.‎ B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.‎ C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.‎ D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.‎ ‎2.What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?‎ A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.‎ B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.‎ C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.‎ D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.‎ ‎3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that　　　. ‎ A.more investment should go to risk reduction B.governments of poor countries need more aid C.victims of El Niño deserve more compensation D.recovery and reconstruction should come first ‎4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A.To introduce El Niño and its origin.‎ B.To explain the consequences of El Niño.‎ C.To show ways of fighting against El Niño.‎ D.To urge people to prepare for El Niño.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.C ‎3.A ‎4.D Unit 6‎ Passage 1(2016浙江10月,C)词数:288‎ Digital technology—email and smart phones especially—have vastly improved workers’ ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey(调查)of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn’t accept it, and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated.‎ Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced(加深)by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework,and 28 percent have cooked dinner.‎ It is true, however,that working at home makes people much more efficient(高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush.‎ The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven’t come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker.‎ More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.‎ ‎1.Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working?‎ A.They fear losing control of their workers.‎ B.They want to stick to their routine practice.‎ C.They have little trust in modern technology.‎ D.They are used to face-to-face communication.‎ ‎2.What seems to be most workers’ attitude toward remote working?‎ A.Doubtful.　　　B.Favorable.‎ C.Reserved.　　　D.Disapproving.‎ ‎3.What does the author suggest smart firms do?‎ A.Shorten their office hours.‎ B.Give employees a pay raise.‎ C.Adopt flexible work patterns.‎ D.Reduce their staff’s workload.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.B ‎3.C Passage 2(2016天津,B)词数:422‎ Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.‎ My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.‎ I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech”student(技校学生). They’re called“motorheads” by the rest of the student body.‎ When a secretary in my office first called him“motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say.“And smart, really.”‎ I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).‎ But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $ 800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.‎ My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件)from a junkyard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The cost was $ 25 instead of $800.‎ Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.‎ These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.‎ I have learned a lot from my motorhead:publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most importantly, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.‎ My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.‎ ‎1.What used to be the author’s hope for his son?‎ A.To avoid becoming his clone.‎ B.To resemble him in appearance.‎ C.To develop in a different direction.‎ D.To reach the author’s unachieved goals.‎ ‎2.What can we learn about the author’s children?‎ A.His daughter does better in school.‎ B.His daughter has got a master’s degree.‎ C.His son tried hard to finish homework.‎ D.His son couldn’t write his book reports.‎ ‎3.The author let his son repair the car because he believed that　　　. ‎ A.his son had the ability to fix it B.it would save him much time C.it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D.other motorheads would come to help ‎4.In the author’s eyes, motorheads are　　　. ‎ A.tidy and hard-working　　　B.cheerful and smart C.lazy but bright　　　D.relaxed but rude ‎5.What did the author realize in the end?‎ A.It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.‎ B.It is important for one to make the honor roll.‎ C.Architects play a more important role than builders.‎ D.Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.A ‎3.C ‎4.B ‎5.A Passage 3(2015课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:344‎ Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening,as on every Thursday night,psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes,coffee drinking and the“talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isn’t always easy.The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2(plus drinks)per session—are quick to intellectualize(高谈阔论),slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say‘one feels,’or‘people think’,”Lehanne told them.“Say ‘I think,’‘Think me’.”‎ A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed?It couldn’t seem more un-French.But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself:It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology,history,and engineering are catching on,filling tables well into the evening.‎ The city’s“psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places.Middle-aged homemakers,retirees,and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love,anger,and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel.“There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,”says Maurice Frisch,a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn’t exist,”she says.“If life weren’t a battle,people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldn’t be France.‎ ‎1.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?‎ A.Learn a new subject.　　　B.Keep in touch with friends.‎ C.Show off their knowledge.　　　D.Express their true feelings.‎ ‎2.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?‎ A.They are less frequently visited.‎ B.They stay open for longer hours.‎ C.They have bigger night crowds.‎ D.They start to serve fast food.‎ ‎3.What are theme cafes expected to do?‎ A.Create more jobs.　　　B.Supply better drinks.‎ C.Save the cafe business.　　　D.Serve the neighborhood.‎ ‎4.Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?‎ A.They bring people true friendship.‎ B.They give people spiritual support.‎ C.They help people realize their dreams.‎ D.They offer a platform for business links.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.A ‎3.C ‎4.B Passage 4(2015课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:261‎ More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the“year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.‎ This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year,according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).‎ That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with,and complete,their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,”he said.‎ But not everyone is happy.Owain James,the president of the National Union of Students(NUS),argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,”he said.‎ ‎1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?‎ A.It is flexible in length.‎ B.It is a time for relaxation.‎ C.It is increasingly popular.‎ D.It is required by universities.‎ ‎2.According to Tony Higgins,students taking a gap year　　　. ‎ A.are better prepared for college studies B.know a lot more about their future jobs C.are more likely to leave university in debt D.have a better chance to enter top universities ‎3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?‎ A.He’s puzzled.　　　B.He’s worried.‎ C.He’s surprised.　　　D.He’s annoyed.‎ ‎4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?‎ A.Attend additional courses.‎ B.Make plans for the new term.‎ C.Earn money for their education.‎ D.Prepare for their graduate studies.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.A ‎3.B ‎4.C Unit 7‎ Passage 1(2015安徽,C)词数:260‎ As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information,are people remembering less?If you know your computer will save information,why store it in your own personal memory,your brain?Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.‎ In a recent study,Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments.She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.In the first experiment,they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer.The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information.The second group understood that the computer would not save it.Later,the second group remembered the information better.People in the first group knew they could find the information again,so they did not try to remember it.‎ In another experiment,the researchers gave people facts to remember,and told them where to find the information on the computer.The information was in a specific computer folder(文件夹).Surprisingly,people later remembered the folder location(位置)better than the facts.When people use the Internet,they do not remember the information.Rather, they remember how to find it.This is called“transactive memory(交互记忆)”.‎ According to Sparrow,we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories;that is,people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date.This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent,but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.‎ ‎1.The passage begins with two questions to　　　. ‎ A.introduce the main topic B.show the author’s attitude C.describe how to use the Internet D.explain how to store information ‎2.What can we learn about the first experiment?‎ A.The Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer.‎ B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.‎ C.The first group did not try to remember the information.‎ D.The second group did not understand the information.‎ ‎3.In transactive memory, people　　　. ‎ A.keep the information in mind B.change the quantity of information C.organize information like a computer D.remember how to find the information ‎4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow’s research?‎ A.We are using memory differently.‎ B.We are becoming more intelligent.‎ C.We have poorer memories than before.‎ D.We need a better way to access information.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.D ‎4.A Passage 2(2015福建,B)词数:396‎ Papa,as a son of a dirt-poor farmer,left school early and went to work in a factory,for education was for the rich then.So,the world became his school.With great interest,he read everything he could lay his hands on,listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.“There’s so much to learn,”he’d say.“Though we’re born stupid,only the stupid remain that way.”He was determined that none of his children would be denied(拒绝)an education.‎ Thus,Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.Though,as children,we thought this was crazy,it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignificant,it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment,always to the point.‎ Then came the moment—the time to share the day’s new learning.‎ Papa,at the head of the table,would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine,ready to listen.‎ ‎“Felice,”he’d say,“tell me what you learned today.”‎ ‎“I learned that the population of Nepal is...”‎ Silence.‎ Papa was thinking about what was said,as if the salvation(拯救)of the world would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm.Well...”he’d say.“Get the map;let’s see where Nepal is.”And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.‎ This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.‎ As children,we thought very little about these educational wonders.Our family,however,was growing together,sharing experiences and participating in one another’s education.And by looking at us,listening to us,respecting our input,affirming(肯定)our value,giving us a sense of dignity,Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.‎ Later during my training as a future teacher,I studied with some of the most famous educators.They were imparting(传授)what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Not a single day has been wasted,though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.‎ ‎1.What do we know from the first paragraph?‎ A.The author’s father was born in a worker’s family.‎ B.Those born stupid could not change their life.‎ C.The town elders wanted to learn about the world.‎ D.The poor could hardly afford school education.‎ ‎2.The underlined word“it”in the second paragraph refers to“　　　”. ‎ A.one new thing　　　B.a request C.the news　　　D.some comment ‎3.It can be learned from the passage that the author　　　. ‎ A.enjoyed talking about news B.knew very well about Nepal C.felt regret about those wasted days D.appreciated his father’s educational technique ‎4.What is the greatest value of“dinner time”to the author?‎ A.Continual learning.　　　B.Showing talents.‎ C.Family get-together.　　　D.Winning Papa’s approval.‎ ‎5.The author’s father can be best described as　　　. ‎ A.an educator expert at training future teachers B.a parent insistent on his children’s education C.a participant willing to share his knowledge D.a teacher strict about everything his students did 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.C ‎3.D ‎4.A ‎5.B Passage 3(2015福建,C)词数:201‎ SIGN YOUR CHILD UP FOR“FLY TO THE MOON CLUB”‎ AND ENJOY A FREE*FLIGHT TO ANY DESTINATION IN ASIA!‎ With a registration fee of just $50 per child,children under the age of 12 can join Eagle Airways’ FLY TO THE MOON CLUB as members.They can then enjoy the same benefits onboard Eagle Airways’ newest Boeing-797 to any destination in the world!‎ BENEFITS YOU CAN’T MISS!‎ ‎●A free* flight to any destination in Asia ‎●30% off any course at Tanya Language School ‎●20% off any purchase made at Ruby Bookstore ‎●A free notebook with every purchase above $50 at Starlight Stationery ‎●A free bowl of dessert for a family of four at Don’s Diners with every set dinner ordered ‎●A birthday gift on your child’s birthday ‎●A free album containing pictures taken during the journey All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family!**Insurance is issued by Live Life Insurance Group.‎ ‎10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September 2015‎ ‎*Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.‎ ‎**Terms and conditions apply.‎ ‎ 1.One of the benefits mentioned in the advertisement is　　　. ‎ A.a free flight to any destination in the world B.30% off any book purchased at Ruby Bookstore C.a free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airport D.a discount on any course at Tanya Language School ‎2.Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits?‎ A. ‎ Booking date Departure date September 13‎ September 18‎ B. ‎ Booking date Departure date September 2‎ September 12‎ C. ‎ Booking date Departure date August 15‎ September 4‎ D. ‎ Booking date Departure date August 16‎ September 8‎ ‎3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement?‎ A.You need to pay $50 to sign up a child for the club.‎ B.Club members enjoy free travel insurance for any flight.‎ C.The advertisement is intended for students of all ages.‎ D.Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.D ‎3.A Passage 4(2015湖北,A)词数:381‎ ‎“I see you’ve got a bit of water on your coat,”said the man at the petrol station.“Is it raining out there?”“No,it’s pretty nice,”I replied,checking my sleeve.“Oh,right.A pony(马驹)bit me earlier.”‎ As it happened,the bite was virtually painless:more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child.The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor,and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him.‎ The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods,despite signs asking them not to.By feeding the ponies,tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car,and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).‎ The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked,the baby ones can be stopped from feeding on their mothers’ milk,and those who’ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area.Some of them are also later sold,in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.‎ Three weeks ago,I witnessed a small near-disaster a few miles west of here.While walking,I noticed a pony roll over on his back.“Hello!”I said to him,assuming he was just rolling for fun,but he was very still and,as I got closer,I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.I began to properly worry about him.Fortunately,I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony.The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him,and he began to run happily around again.‎ Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies,who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area.Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies,and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的)future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements.‎ ‎1.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?‎ A.To protect the tourists from being bitten.‎ B.To keep the ponies off the petrol station.‎ C.To avoid putting the ponies in danger.‎ D.To prevent the ponies from fighting.‎ ‎2.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is　　　. ‎ A.to feed baby ponies on milk B.to control the number of ponies C.to expand the habitat for ponies D.to sell the ponies at a good price ‎3.What was the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?‎ A.He freed it from the trap.‎ B.He called a protection officer.‎ C.He worried about it very much.‎ D.He thought of it as being naughty.‎ ‎4.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies?‎ A.It lacks people’s involvement.‎ B.It costs a large amount of money.‎ C.It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.‎ D.It has caused an imbalance of species.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.D ‎4.B Unit 8‎ Passage 1(2015湖北,D)词数:356‎ The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.‎ First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I’m an inside guy,”Mike Hopkins says,who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”‎ On the station,the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity,it’s just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air,the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的)cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.‎ Leroy Chiao,54,an American retired astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you’re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight.That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.”Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear,and space sickness disappears.‎ Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance,astronauts lose bone mass.That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things:recovery time once astronauts return home,and,more importantly,how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.‎ ‎1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?‎ A.Deciding on a proper sleep position.‎ B.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.‎ C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.‎ D.Finding a right time to go to sleep.‎ ‎2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when　　　. ‎ A.they circle around on their bikes B.they use microcomputers without a stop C.they exercise in one place for a long time D.they watch a movie while pedaling ‎3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because　　　. ‎ A.their senses stop working B.they have to stand up straight C.they float out of their seats unexpectedly D.their brains receive contradictory messages ‎4.One of NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is　　　. ‎ A.how much exercise they do on the station B.how they can remain healthy for long in space C.whether they can recover after returning home D.whether they are able to go back to the station 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.D ‎4.B Passage 2(2015湖南,C)词数:330‎ Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly?Imagine having your entire house,garage,and yard inspected at any time—with no warning.Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse(灯塔)living,and a keeper’s reputation depended on the results.A few times each year,an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station.The inspections were supposed to be a surprise,but keepers sometimes had advance notice.‎ Once lighthouses had telephones,keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching.After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard,the keeper’s family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first.As soon as someone spotted the boat,everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap.Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.‎ Despite the serious nature of inspections,they resulted in some funny moments.Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.At the time,people did not have dishwashers in their homes.In an effort to clean up quickly,Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan,covered them with a cloth,and stuck them in the oven.If the inspector opened the oven door,it would look like bread was baking.He never did.‎ One day,Glenn Furst’s mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house.Like floor wax,the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood.This time,though,she used a little too much oil.When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn’s mother,he slipped on the freshly oiled surface.“He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight,”Glenn later wrote.After he steadied himself,he shook Glenn’s mother’s hand,and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.‎ ‎1.What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?‎ A.It was carried out once a year.‎ B.It was often announced in advance.‎ C.It was important for the keeper’s fame.‎ D.It was focused on the garage and yard.‎ ‎2.The family began making preparations immediately after　　　. ‎ A.one of the members saw the boat B.a warning call reached the lighthouse C.the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap D.the inspector flew special flags in the distance ‎3.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would　　　. ‎ A.result in some fun B.speed up washing them C.make her home look tidy D.be a demand from the inspector ‎4.If the inspector had opened the oven door,he would have seen　　　. ‎ A.an empty pan B.many clean dishes C.pieces of baked bread D.a cloth covering something ‎5.The inspector waved his arms　　　. ‎ A.to try his best to keep steady B.to show his satisfaction with the floor C.to extend a warm greeting to Glenn’s mother D.to express his intention to continue the inspection 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.A ‎3.C ‎4.D ‎5.A Passage 3(2015浙江,A)词数:418‎ From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation.When children are little we make them read aloud,before the teacher and other children,so that we can be sure they“know”all the words they are reading.This means that when they don’t know a word,they are going to make a mistake,right in front of everyone.After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years,I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books,and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.‎ One day soon after school had started,I said to them,“Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before.I would like you to read a lot of books this year,but I want you to read them only for pleasure.I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not.If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it,that’s enough for me.Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.”‎ The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking?One girl,who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time,looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then,still looking at me,she said slowly and seriously,“Mr.Holt,do you really mean that?”I said just as seriously,“I mean every word of it.”‎ During the spring she really astonished me.One day,she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself,“It can’t be,”and went to take a closer look.Sure enough,she was reading Moby Dick,in the edition with woodcuts.I said,“Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?”She answered,“Oh,sure,but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”‎ This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is—an exciting,joyous adventure.Find something,dive into it,take the good parts,skip the bad parts,get what you can out of it,go on to something else.How different is our mean-spirited,picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of“understanding”that can be dug out of a book.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from　　　. ‎ A.reading little and thinking little B.reading often and adventurously C.being made to read too much D.being made to read aloud before others ‎2.The teacher told his students to read　　　. ‎ A.for enjoyment B.for knowledge C.for a larger vocabulary D.for higher scores in exams ‎3.Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that　　　. ‎ A.it sounded stupid B.it was not surprising at all C.it sounded too good to be true D.it was no different from other teachers’ talk ‎4.Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A.She skipped over those easy parts while reading.‎ B.She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.‎ C.She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.‎ D.She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.‎ ‎5.From the teacher’s point of view,　　　. ‎ A.children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading B.children should be left to decide what to read and how to read C.reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school D.reading involves understanding every little piece of information 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.A ‎3.C ‎4.C ‎5.B Passage 4(2015重庆,E)词数:298‎ The values of artistic works,according to cultural relativism(相对主义),are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view,however,fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.‎ History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls,as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art,even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.‎ In a 1757 essay,the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的)in human nature”,the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type,he believed,spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.‎ Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example,evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?‎ A.It introduces different cultural values.‎ B.It explains the history of artistic works.‎ C.It relates artistic values to local conditions.‎ D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.‎ ‎2.In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that　　　. ‎ A.great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B.history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D.great artists are skilled at combining various cultures ‎3.According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because　　　. ‎ A.they are results of scientific study B.they establish some general principles of art C.they are created by the world’s greatest artists D.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature ‎4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?‎ A.Are Artistic Values Universal?‎ B.Are Popular Arts Permanent?‎ C.Is Human Nature Uniform?‎ D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.A ‎3.D ‎4.A ‎【三年模拟】‎ A组　2017—2019年模拟·基础题组 Passage 1(2019浙江温州返校考, B)‎ On November 18,1995, Itzhak Perlman, the world-famous violinist, came on stage to give a concert at Lincoln Centre in New York City. If you have ever been to a Perlman concert, you know that getting on stage is not easy for him. He suffered from polio(小儿麻痹症)as a child, and has to walk with the help of two walking sticks now.‎ Just as he finished his play, something went wrong. One of the strings(弦)on his violin broke. You could hear it break—it broke with a loud noise. People thought to themselves,“He would have to give up to either find another violin or find another string for this one.”‎ But instead, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again. The orchestra began, and he played from where he had stopped with such passion and such power. Of course, everyone knows that it is impossible to play a symphonic(交响乐的)work with just three strings. But that night Itzhak Perlman refused to know that. You could see him changing and recomposing the piece in his head. When he finished, there was a silence in the room. Then people rose and cheered. We were all on our feet, doing everything we could to show how much we appreciated what he had done.‎ He smiled and then he said in a quiet tone,“You know, sometimes it is the artist’s task to find out how much music you can make with what you have left.”‎ His words have stayed in my mind ever since I heard them. That is also the way of life. Perhaps our task in this quickly changing world in which we live is to make music, at first with all that we have, and then, when that is no longer possible, to make music with what we have left.‎ ‎1.It is not easy for Perlman to hold a concert because　　　. ‎ A.he has never given a performance before B.he is not known by many people C.he has difficulty in hearing the music D.he is physically disabled because of a disease ‎2.Why did the people rise and cheer?‎ A.To express their appreciation of Perlman’s creative mind.‎ B.To show they are satisfied with Perlman’s performance.‎ C.To thank the orchestra for their beautiful music.‎ D.To ask Perlman for another wonderful performance.‎ ‎3.The lesson we learn from the last paragraph is that　　　. ‎ A.we should not care about what we have already lost B.the way to get used to the world is to live with music C.we should make the best of what we still have D.what we have is more important than what is lost 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.A ‎3.C Passage 2(2019浙江金丽衢高三十二校8月质检,A)‎ ‎“I’m ready.” said Alyssa Carson, a 17-year-old astronaut-in-training from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. For her, riding the most aggressive roller coaster in the park is not a big deal. If all goes according to her plans, NASA will send her to Mars in 2033, making her the first human to step foot on the planet. She will spend two to three years doing something on it, such as growing food, performing science experiments, and searching for signs of life. “The Martian is actually very accurate.” she said. “A lot of things that happened in the movie are similar to what is going to happen.” She’s devoted her entire life to preparing for this journey.‎ Her love for space started when she was 3 years old and watched a cartoon called The Backyardigans. Five animal pals go on imaginary adventures in their backyard including in one part, a mission to Mars. “I thought ‘This red planet is so cool’,” she said. “I started watching videos of rovers’ landing on Mars. I had a large map of Mars in my room I would look at. We started getting telescopes so that we could look at space.”‎ At 7 her father took her to space camp in Huntsville, Alabama. “That was the weekend of my life,” she said. “I got to learn everything I had been wanting to know and more...I got to see a life-size rocket.” She cherished the rocket so much that she returned 18 times. At the age of 12 she became the first person in history to attend all three NASA space camps in Huntsville, Alabama;Quebec, Canada;and Izmir, Turkey.‎ At first she mastered the basics of space and how humans have explored it throughout time. As she got older she simulated(模拟)missions, trying to reach a destination in gravity-free, weightless zones.‎ When she was 9 she met NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus. The experienced explorer told her she was her age when she decided to go to space. At that moment Alyssa knew her love of space was not a passing hobby. “I did the same thing as other kids, like switching my mind about careers, wanting to be a teacher or the president one day,” she said. “But the way I always thought about it was I would become an astronaut, go to Mars, come back, and then be a teacher or the president.”‎ ‎1.Alyssa Carson is great because　　　. ‎ A.she has created model missions to Mars B.she is the youngest to have completed astronaut training C.she is likely to be the first human to perform different tasks on Mars D.she has visited the space camp in Huntsville, Alabama for nearly 20 times ‎2.NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus was mentioned in the last paragraph to stress　　　. ‎ A.the power of space dreams B.the popularity of space travel C.the importance of career choice D.the excitement of her space experiences ‎3.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?‎ A.To introduce the American space industry.‎ B.To promote the values of American teens.‎ C.To encourage tours to Mars.‎ D.To present a rising American space star.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.A ‎3.D Passage 3(2019浙江五校,C)‎ Emoji might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies, where every second counts. Now, the Emoji-quake campaign is lobbying for an earthquake emoji to be added to the Unicode set—the standard group of icons available on digital devices worldwide. The campaign aims to find an earthquake-appropriate design to be submitted to Unicode. ‎ ‎“Approximately up to one third of the world’s population are exposed to earthquakes,” explains the University of Southampton seismologist(地震学家)Dr. Stephen Hicks, a founder of the campaign. “So we really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that.”‎ Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring. Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology, which issues an alert on digital devices and broadcast media. “You may have seconds to get under a table or to protect yourself,” explains Dr. Hicks. “That can be life-saving in many cases. Naturally you don’t want too much wording in the warning message.”‎ Pictographs(象形文字)and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information. Dr. Sara McBride, a communications specialist, who is also part of the campaign, told BBC News, “Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages, helping communicate valuable information to people who may struggle to read a certain language.”‎ The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend well beyond earthquakes. A team of designers also came up with emoji—an entire set of emoji dedicated to climate and environmental events.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, why did the campaign choose earthquakes as their target?‎ A.Because earthquakes threaten many people in different regions.‎ B.Because earthquakes are the easiest to be expressed by an emoji.‎ C.Because earthquakes are not difficult to measure while occurring.‎ D.Because earthquakes are the most destructive disasters in the world.‎ ‎2.Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “lobby for” in the first paragraph?‎ A.Hope for.　　　B.Enter for.‎ C.Appeal for.　　　D.Run for.‎ ‎3.What can we infer from Dr. Sara McBride’s words about emoji?‎ A.Emoji benefits people with reading disability a lot.‎ B.Emoji is being used to convey valuable information.‎ C.Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages.‎ D.Emoji is a universal language and helpful tool in communication.‎ ‎4.The best title of the passage should be　　　. ‎ A.Could an emoji save our life?‎ B.What can emoji do in our life?‎ C.How is emoji changing our life?‎ D.Do we really know about emoji?‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.D ‎4.A Passage 4(2019浙江湖州期末)‎ How Important Is Fashion?‎ Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable?Many people seem to think so, judging by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.‎ People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that create blisters(水泡), tight body shapers that limit the flow of blood, and sticky false eyelashes. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color and use hot irons and blow dryers to curl or straighten their hair. Some people spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion important enough to spend so much time and effort on changing how you look like?‎ If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should prioritize(优先考虑)being healthy and positive. What people wear does not indicate anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a suit, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together!Instead of going on strict diets and starving, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise?By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.‎ ‎1.The author’s main purpose in writing the text is to　　　. ‎ A.show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting B.persuade readers to value health more than fashion C.amuse readers with a story about a fashion-school student D.tell readers of the latest fashion styles ‎2.What can we infer from the text?‎ A.People need to diet to lose weight.‎ B.When you look good, you feel good.‎ C.Fashion increases famous people’s self-respect.‎ D.Fashion can make people do some unhealthy things.‎ ‎3.Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend?‎ A.Going skating with friends.‎ B.Shopping for bargain clothes.‎ C.Starting a new diet with a friend.‎ D.Changing the hairstyle every week.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.D ‎3.A Passage 5(2018浙江温州十校联合体10月联考,B)‎ Moksh Jawa, 16, a junior student in Washington High School in the US, has already become a hero among students. As a seventh-grader, he studied on the Internet and taught himself programming. As a high school freshman, he passed the AP Computer Science A Exam with a 5, the highest possible score. Because his high school didn’t teach programming, he developed his own online course and helped classmates get through it.‎ Everything he did came from his interest. “I just fell in love with computer science.” Jawa said. He encouraged classmates to learn programming, too.‎ Trying to make the knowledge easy for anyone to learn on the Internet, Jawa set about creating his own online course, with easy-to-follow lessons, quizzes and tests.‎ The course has so far attracted 3,200 students across the United States and in 120 countries including China, Ukraine and Algeria. It shows, Jawa said, the huge need for programming lessons.‎ ‎“I deliver it like I’m talking from one high school student to another,” Jawa said, “It’s always great to make it as clear and fun as possible, and to try to keep my voice as energetic as possible.”‎ He does that, too, when teaching members of the computer science club he founded in Washington.‎ ‎“He’s pretty amazing,” said Bob Moran, the headmaster of Washington High School, who saw him lead the club. “He was just a fantastic teacher, clear, organized and entertaining. When a student got the right answer, he would throw them a piece of candy.”‎ ‎1.Which can be the main reason for Jawa creating the online course?‎ A.He has a great interest in teaching.‎ B.The online teaching can make him a hero.‎ C.He wants to help his classmates and others to learn the subject.‎ D.There is a huge need for programming lessons around the world.‎ ‎2.What do we know about Jawa’s online lessons?‎ A.They are hard to understand.‎ B.They’ve attracted learners around the world.‎ C.They are taught in different languages.‎ D.They are easy and fun without quizzes and tests.‎ ‎3.What the headmaster said in the last paragraph shows that　　　. ‎ A.Jawa has always been a great club leader B.Jawa is a hero in Washington High School C.Jawa is very good at computer programming D.Jawa knows how to teach and encourage students ‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.D Passage 6(2017浙江宁波鄞南三校12月联考,B)‎ Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than saying hello—it is noticing another’s worth. How might the world change—how might we change—if we mastered this word? To find it out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned.‎ It can improve productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades. ‎ Environments influence friendliness. And researchers say pleasant environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similar. Whatever the reason is, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying to work downtown.‎ It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and improve happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect on the recipient(接受者). So maybe we can make the world a better place by saying hello to each other. After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being.‎ ‎1.What can be inferred in Paragraph 1?‎ A.Adults are not willing to say hello.‎ B.The first word we learn as babies is hello.‎ C.Saying hello is resistance to another’s worth.‎ D.The writer wasted a month saying hello to every person.‎ ‎2.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means that　　　. ‎ A.teachers and students got friendlier and the students became more active and scored higher B.the exchange of greetings resulted in the increasing number of school students C.students can get higher scores in tests because they greet their teachers every day D.in private schools, there is more class participation and better grades ‎3.According to the passage, smiling can have the following effects on health except　　　　. ‎ A.lowering blood pressure B.improving intelligence C.increasing pleasure D.reducing pressure ‎4.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?‎ A.To tell us saying hello can improve productivity.‎ B.To tell us saying hello is a form of universal health insurance.‎ C.To prove that environments influence friendliness.‎ D.To advise us to say hello more often.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.A ‎3.B ‎4.D Passage 7(2017浙江杭甬嘉期末十校联考,A)‎ A high factor sunscreen(防晒霜)is generally expected to protect the skin from harmful rays, but it isn’t. A new research in this week’s Nature displays that while a sunscreen with a protection factor of 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can’t prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin,blue or green eyes. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.‎ There is continuing debate on how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas—the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancers. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people who randomly selected to use sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used it as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn’t have the cancers, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade,did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection—not sunscreen—seemed more beneficial. This study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it’s not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.‎ The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanomas’ rates, as what is shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. Thus, if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us to slip on shirt, slop on sunscreen and slap on the hat.‎ ‎1.What is people’s common expectation of a high factor sunscreen?‎ A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.‎ B.It will protect them from sunburn.‎ C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.‎ D.It will work for people of any skin color.‎ ‎2.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?‎ A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.‎ B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.‎ C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.‎ D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the occurrence of melanomas.‎ ‎3.What does the author suggest to reduce melanomas’ rates?‎ A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.‎ B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.‎ C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.‎ D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.D ‎3.A Passage 8(2017浙江嘉兴一中10月月考,B)‎ Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins.‎ People in California love to talk about “zero-emission vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly all use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, or by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.‎ In other words, those “zero-emission” cars are like coal-burning cars. The coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes — “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas(or another fuel)and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.‎ A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nuclear power or geothermal energy(地热), or hydro, or solar power, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.‎ In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.‎ ‎1.It can be inferred from the passage that　　　　. ‎ A.being green is good and should be encouraged in communications B.electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something C.zero-emission vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment D.electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with their gasoline-powered cousins ‎2.Compared with cars using gas, electric cars　　　　. ‎ A.do not burn fuel and more environmental B.are more poisonous because their batteries will end up in a landfill C.are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated D.are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill ‎3.The author wrote the passage to　　　　. ‎ A.encourage us to buy electric cars B.advocate buying gasoline-powered cars C.advertise a new type of cars D.expose the truth of “zero-emission vehicles”‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.B ‎3.D B组　2017—2019年模拟·综合题组 Passage 1(2019浙江嘉兴高三一模,C)‎ Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been heard blaming yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social prejudice against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.‎ But there’s no need for embarrassment. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought. Far from being a sign of madness, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create our experiences.‎ Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself:offering herself directions and giving voice to her negative feelings. Psychologists refer to this as private speech—language that is spoken out loud but directed at the self.‎ As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older, we don’t abandon this system—we internalize(内化)it.‎ We internalize the private speech we use as children, but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. Both kinds of self-talk—the silent and the vocal(有声的)—seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than casual chatting.‎ ‎1.The author introduces the topic of the text by　　　. ‎ A.describing a silly mistake　　　B.conveying a crazy idea C.presenting a popular belief　　　D.discussing a social problem ‎2.What is adults’ usual practice in terms of self-talk?‎ A.They give up the private speech system entirely.‎ B.They prefer the silent private speech to the out-loud version.‎ C.They choose vocal self-talk to manage their emotions and actions.‎ D.They rely on both silent and vocal self-talk to control others’ behavior.‎ ‎3.According to the text, private speech can help us　　　. ‎ A.reflect on our own actions B.influence others’ way of thinking C.realize the benefit of casual chatting D.pay more attention to others’ images 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.A Passage 2(2019浙江杭州高三一模,C)‎ Education is not a bystander sport. Numerous researchers have shown that when students participate in classroom discussion they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes promote learning. It is no coincidence that girls are more passive in the classroom discussion and score lower than boys on SATs.‎ We found that at all grade levels in all communities and in all subject areas boys controlled classroom communication. They participated in more interactions than girls did, and their participation became greater as the year went on.‎ Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teachers’ attention. That teachers talk more to male students is simply because boys are more aggressive in grabbing their attention by calling out answers to the teachers’ questions first, while girls sit patiently with their hands raised or keep silent. Psychologist Lisa Serbin and K.Daniel O’Leary, then at the state university of New York at Stony Brook studied classroom interaction at the preschool level and found that teachers gave boys more attention, praised them more often and were at least twice as likely to have extended conversations with them.‎ Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers. Teachers behave differently depending on whether boys or girls are active to provide answers during discussions. During classroom discussion, teachers in our study reacted to boys’ answers with powerful, precise and effective responses, while they often gave girls mild and unclear reactions because of their silence. Too often, girls remain in the dark about the quality of their answers. Active students receiving precise feedback are more likely to achieve academically. And they are more likely to be boys.‎ This kind of communication game is played at work, as well as at school. As reported in numerous studies, it goes like this:‎ ‎※Men speak more often and frequently interrupt women.‎ ‎※ Listeners recall more from male speakers than from female speakers, even when both use a similar speaking style and cover the same content.‎ ‎※Women participate less actively in conversation. They do more smiling and gazing, and they are more often the passive by-standers in professional and social conversations among peers.‎ ‎※Women often transform their own statements into unsure comments. This is accomplished by using qualifiers and by adding tag questions. These uncertain patterns weaken impacts and signal a lack of power and influence.‎ Only when girls are active and treated equally in the classroom will they be more likely to achieve equality in the workplace.‎ ‎1.What does the author mean when he says “Education is not a bystander sport.”?‎ A.Both boys and girls should do more sports.‎ B.The girl students should be the audience to watch the boy students’ discussions.‎ C.The boy students should not be too active in the classroom discussions.‎ D.Both boy and girl students should take an active part in the classroom discussions.‎ ‎2.Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A.Girls’ scores are lower than boys on SATs.‎ B.Girls control classroom discussion in reading while boys in maths.‎ C.Boys control classroom discussion in both reading and maths.‎ D.Boys are more confident in calling out answers to catch the teachers’ attention.‎ ‎3.The factors that contribute to the students’ effective learning are the following except　　　. ‎ A.the students can take an active part in the classroom discussion B.the students do it themselves C.teachers can give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers D.students transform their own statements into uncertain comments 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.B ‎3.D Passage 3(2018浙江宁波十校联考,C)‎ What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?‎ We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.‎ What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious—he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.‎ He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.‎ He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available.He rejects authority as the only basis for truth.Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.‎ Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.‎ Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete.Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.‎ These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.‎ ‎1.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is NOT TRUE?‎ A.He focuses on the problems that have no reasonable explanations.‎ B.He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.‎ C.He is interested in condition-improving and problem-solving.‎ D.He rejects authority as he believes himself to be the only reliable one.‎ ‎2.According to the passage, a successful scientist would 　　　. ‎ A.easily appreciate others’ research work B.easily believe in unchecked statements C.always accept authority as they only basis for truth D.always use evidence from observation to the fullest ‎3.　　　 can be used to describe the attitude that a good scientist holds towards scientific research. ‎ A.Objective and careful B.Curious and casual C.Cautious and arrogant D.Subjective and down to earth ‎4.What does the passage mainly discuss?‎ A.The key to a successful scientist.‎ B.Scientists’ ways of thinking and acting.‎ C.The progress in modern science.‎ D.The application of modern technology.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.D ‎3.A ‎4.B Passage 4(2018浙江稽阳10月联考,B)‎ You may have heard the saying, women are from Venus and men are from Mars. It’s a nice way of saying how males and females are, in many ways, quite different from each other. ‎ These differences can be seen everywhere, even in how we communicate with friends. A recent study by the University of Oxford suggested that males and females keep long-distance relationships with friends of the same sex alive in different ways.‎ Researchers questioned 30 students about their friendships just before they graduated from high school and moved away for college. They then followed up the questions nine months, and then 18 months, later.‎ Robin Dunbar, who headed the research, told The Guardian, “What determined whether friendships survived with girls was whether they made an effort to talk more to each other on the phone.”‎ ‎“Males, on the other hand, tended to do things differently. Most male respondents said they got through months of being apart from friends by arranging occasional meet-ups. What held up their friendships was doing stuff together,” Dunbar told The Guardian.‎ ‎ “Going to a football match, going to the pub for a drink... They had to make the effort. It was a very striking sex difference.”‎ Of course, gender isn’t the only thing that determines how we stay in touch. The way we keep our relationships alive mostly comes down to the preference of each person, and it can take a while to find your own way of making your friendships work. One thing that is definitely clear though is that friends who make the effort to stay in contact, even if it’s only through Skype once a week, do tend to stay friends, no matter what the distance.‎ ‎1.What’s the main purpose of the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?‎ A.To arouse the readers’ interest.‎ B.To summarize the whole passage.‎ C.To state where men and women are from.‎ D.To introduce the topic of the passage.‎ ‎2.According to the research, how do male friends keep relationships alive?‎ A.By having a chat over the phone.‎ B.By doing things differently from each other.‎ C.By meeting up occasionally and doing stuff together.‎ D.By visiting each other frequently.‎ ‎3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A.How to make friendships work depends heavily on the individual preference.‎ B.Male friends need to meet up face to face if their “bromance” is to survive.‎ C.Gender isn’t what determines the way people stay in touch.‎ D.To stay friends, people have to stay in touch through Skype.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.C ‎3.A Passage 5(2017浙江鄞州高级中学12月月考,B)‎ Our non-profit organization had just received a large donation of clothing. As three of us walked home for dinner, we saw a woman begging by the bridge. She was old and had no legs. She shivered in her thin sari(纱巾), which offered little protection from the cold wind. Her hunger forced her to beg. My friends and I looked at each other:here was a perfect opportunity, but first it was necessary to do a little bit of research.‎ We went up to the woman to hear her story. She spoke very little due to her poor health and fear, but we learned enough. She lived alone in her small home. She had no one to look after her and ate whatever people gave her. The desire to help her grew stronger. After speaking to her, we headed back to get something to keep her warm. Finding the perfect sweater, we set out again to see the woman. This time, the fear was replaced by distrust as we presented her with the sweater.‎ ‎“Are you robbers?” she asked. “You came here before and are back so suddenly with clothes.”I was surprised by her principles. Even in her state, she did not want to wear anything that was stolen and gained through ill means. ‎ ‎“No, we are out doing service work.” Her shoulders relaxed a bit. I then helped her put the sweater on and said, “Please don’t sell the sweater.”“I swear, I won’t,”she said.‎ A week later, I was out walking with my mother to get some food when I saw the woman again. This time the picture was a little different. She was still begging, but with the gray sweater wrapped around her body and a smile on her face when she saw us. I guarantee that the smile on my face was bigger.‎ ‎1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?‎ A.The writer wanted to learn more about the woman beggar.‎ B.The writer offered help without hesitation.‎ C.The woman wanted to make a fortune by begging.‎ D.The organization had too many clothes.‎ ‎2.What do the underlined words “her principles” in the third paragraph refer to?‎ A.She never trusted strangers.‎ B.She never accepted donations from the poor.‎ C.She wouldn’t take advantage of others’ kindness.‎ D.She wouldn’t accept anything gained illegally.‎ ‎3.What contributed to their smiles at last?‎ A.Caution and fear.　　　B.Kindness and trust.‎ C.Doubt and distrust.　　　D.Optimism and generosity.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the passage?‎ A.We Should Trust Beggars B.How to Judge a Real Beggar C.Learn Morality from a Beggar D.The Most Wonderful Gift I Gave to a Beggar 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.D ‎3.B ‎4.C