【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致考点学案（7页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致考点学案（7页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 主谓一致考点学案 ‎——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎2．(2017·天津高考改编)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _is_regarded (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is (be) often acceptable.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet.‎ 带薪度假的时间和地点还没决定。‎ ‎2．“one/either/neither/each of＋复数名词/代词”作主语时，谓语用单数。‎ Either of the stories is very funny.‎ 这两个故事都很有趣。‎ ‎3．something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody, no one等不定代词作主语，谓语通常用单数。‎ Nothing is impossible.‎ 没有不可能的事。‎ ‎4．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。‎ Ten pounds was missing from the box.‎ 盒子里的东西少了十磅。‎ ‎5．主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数要与这些词或短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不能充当主语)。‎ Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.‎ 格林先生每个星期天都和他的孩子们一起去这个公园。‎ ‎6．what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。‎ What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.‎ 最令我惊讶的是他对学习的态度。‎ What her father left her are only few books.‎ 她父亲留给她的只有几本书。‎ ‎7．such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。‎ Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.‎ 这就是史蒂芬·霍金，他经受了很多痛苦但也取得了许多成就。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．The university estimates that living expenses for international students are around D|S8,450 a year, which_is (be) a burden to some of them.‎ ‎2．A perfect gift with many flowers has_been_sent (send) to the beautiful girl, so she is very happy now.‎ ‎3．The Greens are (be) on holiday in China now.‎ ‎4．Neither of his sons is (be) a teacher.‎ ‎5．John, together with two of his best friends, desires (desire)to attend the speech contest to be held next week.‎ 意义一致 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎(2014·湖南高考改编)All we need is (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．“every/each/no＋名词＋and every/each/no＋名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。‎ Every boy and every girl is having sports now.‎ 每个男孩和女孩都正在参加运动。‎ ‎2．“one＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ One apple and a half was on the table.‎ 桌子上有一个半苹果。‎ ‎3．“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ More than one student has failed the exam.‎ 不止一个学生考试不及格。‎ ‎4．“many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Many a child was playing there.‎ 很多孩子在那边玩。‎ ‎5．在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，根据先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数；在“one of＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数；但之前有the (only)等修饰语时，从句中的动词用单数。‎ Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.‎ 玛丽是我们学校唯一一个去过中国的学生。‎ ‎6．the rest, the remaining/part ...＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。‎ The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.‎ 工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。‎ ‎7．分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。‎ About 50% of the land is suitable to grow plants.‎ 大约50%的土地适合种植物。‎ About 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up.‎ 这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．More than one picture shows (show) that over 70% of the island is covered by water.‎ ‎2．Many a book about Africa was_being_written (write) by Mary last year but I don't know whether she has finished them.‎ ‎3．This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is (be) made up of vast oceans.‎ ‎4．My brother is one of the students who have_been_chosen (choose) to join the force.‎ ‎5．A few of the young trees on that hill in this area can be cut each year. The rest are_left (leave) to grow even taller.‎ ‎6. The finalterm examinations are coming and each boy and each girl is_looking (look) forward to the coming holiday.‎ 就近一致 ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．谓语动词的人称和数常常与其最接近的主语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有or, not ...but ..., either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...等。‎ Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.‎ 要么他们要么我为这件事情的结果负责。‎ ‎2．在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。‎ In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.‎ 远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。‎ ‎3．当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。here引起的句子与此用法相同。‎ There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.‎ 桌子上有一支钢笔、一把刀和几本书。‎ Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.‎ 在抽屉里有一支钢笔、几个信封和一些纸。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ 就近一致原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句里，同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。‎ Is either Tom or you to be sent to work there?‎ 是你或者汤姆要被派去那里工作吗？‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary are (be) planning to go, because they have never been there before.‎ ‎2．No one in the department but Tom and I knows (know) that the director is going to resign.‎ ‎3．Not only you and I but Tom, the top student in our class, is (be) not able to win the award in such an easy way.‎ ‎4．There are (be) several grammar mistakes and a wrong sentence in your composition.‎ ‎1．考查语法一致原则 ‎ ‎(2013·江苏高考改编)Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ (be) essential to their development.‎ 解析：is　由with连接的两个成分作主语，即A with B，谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致，所以本句谓语动词应该和“students' inner motivation”保持一致，用单数。‎ ‎2．考查意义一致原则 ‎ ‎(2017·江苏高考改编)The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.‎ 解析：was　句意：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到各界的评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，which指代“The publication of Great Expectations”，主语核心词是publication，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态。故填was。‎ ‎3．考查就近一致原则 ‎ ‎(湖南高考改编)Either you or one of your students ______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. ‎ 解析：is　在“either ...or ...”句子中，谓语动词与其最接近的主语保持一致。本句中最接近的主语为“one of your students”，为单数，故后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。‎ ‎1．名词或代词作主语时主谓一致错误 ‎ 示例 ‎①(2016·6月浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.答案：was→were ‎②(2014·陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky — they looked like rain！答案：was→were ‎③(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)My dream school look like a big garden.答案：look→looks ‎ 点拨 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词应该用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，根据语法一致原则，谓语动词应该用复数。‎ ‎2．非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误 示例 ‎(2014·辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. 答案：have→has 点拨 动名词、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。注意：名词性从句作主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。‎ ‎3．倒装句的主谓一致错误 ‎ 示例 ‎(2013·陕西高考)Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught. 答案：were→was 点拨 在倒装句中要找出句子的主语，从而判断谓语动词的单复数。 ‎ ‎4.“就近”与“就远”原则的错用 ‎ 示例 ‎①(2018·兰州模拟)I as well as my parents are going to New York City this month.‎ 答案：are→am ‎②(2018·郑州模拟)Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.答案：are→am 点拨 ‎①“就近”原则常见的有：either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ...等；‎ ‎②“就远”原则常见的有：as well as, but, except, (together) with等。‎ ‎[增分技法]‎ ‎1．使用语法一致原则确保所写句子主谓一致。‎ 是你，而不是你的老师，应为你考试不及格负责。‎ It is you, rather than your teacher, are to blame for your failing the exams. ‎ ‎2．使用意义一致原则确保所写句子主谓一致。‎ 在我们班，大约80%的学生来自农村。‎ About 80% of the students are from the countryside in our class. ‎ ‎3．使用就近一致原则确保所写句子主谓一致。‎ 不但他的同学，而且他的老师，都为之吃惊。‎ Not only his classmates but also his teacher was surprised at it. ‎ ‎[巧用增分] ‎ ‎①我们班除了李磊和李华，还没有人出过国。(nobody, but, have been abroad)‎ Nobody_but_Li_Lei_and_Li_Hua_in_our_class_has_been_abroad_before.‎ ‎②游泳和踢足球是我最喜爱的运动。(favorite sport)‎ Swimming_and_playing_football_are_my_favorite_sports.‎ ‎③正如我们所知道的，水和空气对于生命来说是必不可缺的。(as, be essential to, life)‎ As_we_know,_water_and_air_are_essential_to_life.‎ ‎④这个班的每个男生和女生口袋里都装着镜子和梳子。(every boy and every girl, a mirror and a comb, pocket)‎ Every_boy_and_every_girl_in_the_class_has_a_mirror_and_a_comb_in_his_or_her_pocket.‎ ‎⑤不但我，还有我的同学、我的老师，都不能改变这种情形。(neither, nor, be able to, change the situation)‎ Neither_I,_nor_my_classmates,_nor_my_teachers_are_able_to_change_the_situation.‎