【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断典题10篇练与析（含有详细解析）学案（18页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断典题10篇练与析（含有详细解析）学案（18页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断典题10篇练与析 ‎【一】‎ The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉)．Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze (凝视) starts to lose its focus — until a third, with three black spots, is presented.Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?‎ Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.‎ 语篇解读：刚刚出生的婴儿对眼前出现的不同图片和物体的数量有没有概念呢？他们对视觉和声音的变化敏感吗？对此，研究者进行了一系列的试验。‎ ‎60．The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's ________.‎ A．sense of hearing B．sense of sight C．sense of touch D．sense of smell 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced.”可知，第一段描述的试验主要针对的是婴儿的视觉(sense of sight)。‎ ‎61．Babies are sensitive to the change in ________.‎ A．the size of cards B．the colour of pictures C．the shape of patterns D．the number of objects 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“until a third, with three black spots, is presented.Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.”可知，当图片上物体的数量发生变化时，婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍，由此可知，婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感。‎ ‎62．Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?‎ A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.‎ B．To see how babies recognize sounds.‎ C．To carry their experiment further.‎ D．To keep the babies' interest.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，研究者变换了对婴儿的刺激方式，是为了更深入地进行研究。因此研究者让婴儿听鼓声是为了进行深入的研究。‎ ‎63．Where does this text probably come from?‎ A．Science fiction.‎ B．Children's literature.‎ C．An advertisement.‎ D．A science report.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等，因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。‎ ‎【二】‎ In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival (节日) of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.‎ It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交响乐团). It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.‎ At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge (挑战) to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947，in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.‎ Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by littleknown writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.‎ Today the “Fringe”， once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.‎ A paid administrator (行政人员) was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.‎ ‎60．What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?‎ A．To bring Europe together again.‎ B．To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.‎ C．To introduce young theatre groups.‎ D．To attract great artists from Europe.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，举办爱丁堡艺术节的目的是让欧洲人民在二战后团结起来。‎ ‎61．Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?‎ A．They owned a public house there.‎ B．They came to take up a challenge.‎ C．They thought they were also famous.‎ D．They wanted to take part in the festival.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，8个剧组于1947年在未受到邀请的情况下参加了这次音乐节，他们是带着每个人都有权表演的信念来的。D项符合文意。‎ ‎62．Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?‎ A．Popular writers.‎ B．University students.‎ C．Artists from around the world.‎ D．Performers of music and dance.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第四段可知，先是爱丁堡大学的学生，后来便是牛津、剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰的大学的学生，他们纷纷来到苏格兰首府表演。故本题选B。‎ ‎63．We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ________.‎ A．has become a nonofficial event B．has gone beyond an art festival C．gives shows all year round D．keeps growing rapidly 解析：选D　推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，该节日曾经不被承认，但现在已经成为持续21天，每天都有约1 500种表演的盛大的艺术节。‎ ‎【三】‎ Tail Spin Two dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park.The smaller dolphin, Grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd.The most amazing thing about her, however, is that she's even swimming at all.She doesn't have a tail.‎ Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life.“Is she going to make it？” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst.Grace did make it — but her tail didn't.She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.‎ Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail.Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down.Grace taught herself to move another way — like a fish!‎ ‎ She pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.‎ The movements put harmful pressure on Grace's backbone.So a company offered to create a manmade tail for her.The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn't hurt her.‎ The first time Grace wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool.Now, she is still learning to use the tail.Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all.“The new tail isn't necessary for her to feel comfortable，” says Stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion (动作) and build muscles (肌肉)．”‎ Now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending.This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie.Many people travel from near and far to meet her.Seeing Grace swim with her manmade tail gives people so much courage.‎ 语篇解读：一只失去尾巴的海豚顽强地活下来后，学会了用独特的方式在水中游动，并在海洋公园中优雅地表演。她的经历被拍成了电影，观看她戴着人造的尾巴游泳给了人们莫大的勇气。‎ ‎60．When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her ________.‎ A．physical build B．potential ability C．chance of survival D．adaptation to the surroundings 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“she was fighting for her life”可知，训练员担心的是她能否活下来。‎ ‎61．A manmade tail is created for Grace to ________.‎ A．let her recover faster B．make her comfortable C．adjust her way of swimming D．help her perform better tricks 解析：选C　推理判断题。第三段的后半部分提到她靠摇摆梗节(peduncle)前行，下一段提到这种移动对她的脊骨有害，所以一家公司为她制造了一条人造尾巴，由此可推断出这么做是为了调整她的游泳方式。‎ ‎62．The story of Grace inspires people to ________.‎ A．stick to their dreams B．treat animals friendly C．treasure what they have D．face difficulties bravely 解析：选D　推理判断题。Grace失去了尾巴，但是她坚强地活了下来，甚至还用残缺的身体学会了另一种游泳方式，再结合最后一段最后一句中的“courage”可知，她的故事激励人们勇敢地面对困难。‎ ‎【四】‎ Guide to Stockholm University Library Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.‎ Zones The library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.‎ Computers ‎ You can use your own computer to connect to the WiFi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.‎ Groupstudy Places If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.Some study rooms are for 2－3 people and others can hold up to 6－8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.‎ There are 40 groupstudy rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.‎ Storage of Study Material The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits (学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year's rental period.‎ Rules to be Followed Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.‎ Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文，主要介绍了斯德哥尔摩大学图书馆的不同区域、图书馆电脑的使用说明、小组学习地点、学习材料的存放和需要遵守的规定。‎ ‎36．The library's upper floor is mainly for students to ________.‎ A．read in a quiet place B．have group discussions ‎ C．take comfortable seats D．get their computers fixed 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Zones部分的第二句话可知，图书馆的顶层是一个安静区域，你可以在那里默读也可以坐在那里用自己的电脑安静地学习。‎ ‎37．Library computers on the ground floor ________.‎ A．help students with their field experiments ‎ B．contain software essential for schoolwork ‎ C．are for those who want to access the WiFi ‎ D．are mostly used for filling out application forms 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Computers部分的第一句话中分号后面的内容可知，一层图书馆配备的电脑中有一些必备的学习软件。‎ ‎38．What condition should be met to book a groupstudy room?‎ A．A group must consist of 8 people.‎ B．Threehour use per day is the minimum.‎ C．One should first register at the university.‎ D．Applicants must mark the room on the map.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Groupstudy Places部分的最后两句话可知，要预订小组学习室，你必须先在学校注册一个账户。‎ ‎39．A student can rent a locker in the library if he________.‎ A．can afford the rental fee B．attends certain courses C．has nowhere to put his books D．has earned the required credits 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Storage of Study Material部分的第二句话可知，如果你想要租柜子，你必须获得足够的学分。‎ ‎40．What should NOT be brought into the library?‎ A．Mobile phones. B．Orange juice. ‎ C．Candy. D．Sandwiches.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Rules to be Followed部分可知，电话可以带进图书馆，但不允许接打，饮料和糖果可以带进图书馆，但食物和水果不允许带入。故选D项。 ‎ ‎【五】‎ When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.‎ For kids，happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved (毫无掩饰的)．‎ In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.‎ In adulthood the things that bring deep joy — love, marriage, birth — also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults, happiness is complicated (复杂的)．‎ My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”．The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are.It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please，and even good health.‎ I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunchbox and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing，which I ‎ love.When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.‎ Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I don't think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.‎ We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we've got to have.We're so selfconscious about our “right” to it that it's making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren't necessarily happier.‎ Happiness isn't about what happens to us — it's about how we see what happens to us.It's the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess.‎ 语篇解读：快乐与事情本身没有关系，与我们怎样看待事情有关。珍惜我们所拥有的，满足感会让我们感到幸福、快乐。‎ ‎51．As people grow older, they ________.‎ A．feel it harder to experience happiness B．associate their happiness less with others ‎ C．will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness ‎ D．tend to believe responsibility means happiness 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get”可知，人年纪越大似乎越难感到快乐，故选A。‎ ‎52．What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?‎ A．She cares little about her own health.‎ B．She enjoys the freedom of traveling.‎ C．She is easily pleased by things in daily life.‎ D．She prefers getting pleasure from housework.‎ 解析：‎ 选C　细节理解题。通读文章第五、六两段可知，作者会因朋友的陪伴、可以自由选择住的地方、身体健康、孩子们玩耍的声音而感到快乐，也就是说作者很容易因为日常生活中的小事而产生满足感，从而感到快乐，故C项正确。‎ ‎53．What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?‎ A．Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.‎ B．Psychologists' opinion is well proved by Grandma's case.‎ C．Grandma often found time for social gatherings.‎ D．Grandma's happiness came from modest expectations of life.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可知，心理学家认为，有一份令人满意的工作并且能享受业余时间，可以让人感到快乐。而作者的祖母并不是这样，只是拥有亲密的朋友和家人，她就会感到快乐，故A、B两项错误，C项文中没有提及，故选D。‎ ‎54．People who equal happiness with wealth and success________‎ A．consider pressure something blocking their way ‎ B．stress their right to happiness too much ‎ C．are at a loss to make correct choices ‎ D．are more likely to be happy 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的第二句“We're so selfconscious about our ‘right’ to it that it's making us miserable.”可知，把财富和成功等同于快乐的人，过分强调快乐的权利，不断追逐财富与成功，最后变得不快乐，由此可知B项正确。‎ ‎55．What can be concluded from the passage?‎ A．Happiness lies between the positive and the negative. ‎ B．Each man is the master of his own fate.‎ C．Success leads to happiness.‎ D．Happy is he who is content.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。在文章最后一段，作者提出“快乐与事情本身没有关系，与我们怎样看待事情有关”，呼吁人们珍惜他们所拥有的，满足感会让他们觉得快乐；A、B、C三项的归纳有失偏颇。由此可知D项正确。‎ ‎【六】‎ The morning had been a disaster. My tooth was aching, and I'd been in an argument with a friend. Her words still hurt：“The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in my place. Can't you see things from my point of view？” I shook my head stubbornly — and felt the ache in my tooth. I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. Finally, at about lunchtime, I got lucky.‎ ‎“If you come by right now，” the receptionist said, “the dentist will fit you in.”‎ I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? Why wasn't he as busy as the others?‎ In the dentist's office, I sat down and looked around. I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried. The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my icecold one.‎ When I told her my fears, she laughed and said, “Don't worry. The dentist is very good.”‎ ‎“How long do I have to wait for him？” I asked impatiently.‎ ‎“Come on, he is coming. Just lie down and relax. And enjoy the artwork，” the assistant said.‎ ‎“The artwork？” I was puzzled.‎ The chair went back. Suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it：on the ceiling. How considerate the dentist was! At that moment, I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.‎ What a relief!‎ 语篇解读：那天早上对作者来说真是一个灾难，牙痛，又和朋友发生争执。但是在牙医诊所的经历使作者转变了心情，认识到朋友对她的批评是有道理的。‎ ‎56．Which of the following best describes the author's feeling that morning?‎ A．Cheerful. B．Nervous.‎ C．Satisfied. D．Upset.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第一段第一、二句可知，作者那天早上感觉心烦，不高兴。‎ ‎57．What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?‎ A．The dentist's agreeing to treat her at very short notice.‎ B．The dentist's being as busy as the other dentists.‎ C．The surroundings of the dentist's office.‎ D．The laughing assistant of the dentist.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第三段内容可知，作者觉得看这个医生都不用等，有可能是因为他技术不好，没有人去看病，这使作者对这位牙医产生了怀疑。‎ ‎58．Why did the author suddenly smile?‎ A．Because the dentist came at last.‎ B．Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.‎ C．Because she could relax in the chair.‎ D．Because the assistant kept comforting her.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段第二、三句“Suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it: on the ceiling.”可知，作者看到天花板上有幅画时便笑了。‎ ‎59．What did the author learn from her experience most probably?‎ A．Strike while the iron is hot.‎ B．Have a good word for one's friend.‎ C．Put oneself in other's shoes.‎ D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句以及第一段第三句可知，作者认识到了自己应该学会站在别人的角度去思考。Strike while the iron is hot.“趁热打铁”；Have a good word for one's friend.“不要说朋友的坏话”；Put oneself in other's shoes.“设身处地为别人着想”；A friend in need is a friend indeed.“患难见真情”。‎ ‎【七】‎ Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.‎ One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It's the least I could do. Please. I insist.” Jimmy agreed.‎ Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed？” Jimmy's heart sank. “With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview？” he thought to himself.‎ Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.‎ ‎“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office. I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations！” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of welldeserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.‎ 语篇解读：俗话说：赠人玫瑰，手留余香。吉米冒着求职面试迟到的危险去帮助一个老人修车，结果证明，他在帮助别人的同时，也帮助了自己。‎ ‎56．Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?‎ A．He was out of work.‎ B．He was bored with his job.‎ C．He wanted a higher position.‎ D．He hoped to find a better boss.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but he lost his job a few months ago”可知，吉米找工作是因为他失业了，所以选A。‎ ‎57．What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?‎ A．A friend's car had a flat tyre.‎ B．A wild man was pushing a car.‎ C．A terrible car accident happened.‎ D．An old man's car broke down.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段，尤其是其中的“While waiting for ... he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car.”可知，他看到一位老人的车出故障了。故选D。‎ ‎58．Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?‎ A．He was also to be interviewed.‎ B．He needed a travelling companion.‎ C．He always helped people in need.‎ D．He was thankful to Jimmy.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后老人说的话“Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It's the least I could do. Please, I insist.”可知，老人这么做是为了感谢吉米的帮助。故选D。‎ ‎59．How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer's question?‎ A．He was sorry for the other applicants.‎ B．There was no hope for him to get the job.‎ C．He regretted helping the old man.‎ D．The interviewer was very rude.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Jimmy's heart sank. ‘With the way I look now,‎ ‎ how could I possibly pass this interview？’”可知，吉米感觉自己没有通过面试的希望。所以选B。‎ ‎60．What can we learn from Jimmy's experience?‎ A．Where there's a will, there's a way.‎ B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ C．Good is rewarded with good.‎ D．Two heads are better than one.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，吉米在去面试的路上帮助了一位车出了故障的老人，而老人刚好是那家公司面试他的人，故吉米顺利得到了那份工作。吉米的好心得到了好的回报。故选C。‎ ‎【八】‎ The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”— the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物)．‎ During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutes — one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.‎ Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn't “rub” as well as does soft ‎ cloth.Prolonged (长时间的)“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.‎ According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother.” ‎ 语篇解读：这是一篇说明文，作者在文章中主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的研究发现。作者通过一系列的例子告诉读者实验中幼猴对妈妈的依赖。‎ ‎50．Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?‎ A．Warmth. B．Milk.‎ C．Contact. D．Trust.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。从文章第一段中的“During the first few days of its life ... onto almost any large, warm, and soft object ...”和第二段的倒数第二句可知，幼猴刚出生的前两周最需要的是温暖，所以选A项。‎ ‎51．After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ________.‎ A．larger in size B．closer to them C．less frightening and less disturbing D．more comfortable to rub against 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“金属丝妈妈”的原因在于相对于“金属丝妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”蹭起来更舒服，故选D项。‎ ‎52．What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？‎ A．Attention. B．Softness.‎ C．Confidence. D．Interest.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Prolonged (长时间的) ‘contact comfort’ with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence”可知，长时间与“布妈妈”接触，增强了幼猴的自信心。‎ ‎53．It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, ________.‎ A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around 解析：选D　推理判断题。从最后一段中的内容尤其是该段的最后一句话可推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会有一种安全感，从而在行为上放松起来，因此会越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以D项正确。‎ ‎54．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.‎ A．give the reasons for the experiment B．present the findings of the experiment C．introduce the method of the experiment D．describe the process of the experiment 解析：选B　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的研究发现，因此作者写这篇文章是要将研究发现呈现给读者。‎ ‎【九】‎ In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get — a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey.My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen — teaching English.‎ School started, but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country.Was this rural area ‎ really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began.I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms.I was a young woman from New York City, who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time.‎ But, still, I was teaching English.I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep.And then there was my sixthgrade class — seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it.I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word.The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.‎ In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior.So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention.It sounds reasonable, but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable.By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.‎ My boss sat in the back of the room.The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines.I just pretended it all wasn't happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions.My boss, sitting in the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger.After twenty minutes he left, silently.Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.‎ I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period I had to face him.I wondered if he would let me finish out the day.I walked to his office, took a deep breath, and opened the door.‎ He was sitting in his chair, and he looked at me long and hard.I said nothing.All I could think of was that I was not an English teacher; I had been lying to myself, pretending that everything was fine.‎ When he spoke, he said simply, without accusation, “You had nothing to say to them.”‎ ‎“You had nothing to say to them，” he repeated.“No wonder they're bored.Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism.Talk with them, not at them.And more important, why do you ignore their bad behavior？” We talked.He named my problems and offered solutions.We roleplayed.He was the bad student, and I was the forceful, yet, warm, teacher.‎ As the year progressed, we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations. He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths. In short, he ‎ made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson's words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”‎ Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same school.Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year, the school is my home now.‎ 语篇解读：作者讲述了自己在老板的帮助下，明白了自己在教学过程中所存在的问题：自己并没有真正了解学生。‎ ‎55．It can be inferred from the story that in 1974 ________.‎ A．the writer became an optimistic person B．the writer was very happy about her new job C．it was rather difficult to get a job in the USA D．it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey 解析：选C　推理判断题。从文章第一段中的“In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer ...”可知，在1974年要想得到一份工作是非常艰难的事情，所以选C项。‎ ‎56．According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writer's problem as a new teacher?‎ A．She had blind trust in what she learnt at college.‎ B．She didn't ask experienced teachers for advice.‎ C．She took too much time off to eat and sleep.‎ D．She didn't like teaching English literature.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。从文章第四段中的“In college I had been taught ... but the text evidently ignored the fact ...”可推知，作为一个新老师，作者盲目相信她在大学所学到的东西。‎ ‎57．What is the writer's biggest worry after her taskmaster's observation of her class?‎ A．She might lose her teaching job.‎ B．She might lose her students' respect.‎ C．She couldn't teach the same class any more.‎ D．She couldn't ignore her students' bad behavior any more.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。从文章第五段最后一句“Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.”可知，当作者的老板离开后，作者最担心的是自己会为此丢掉工作。‎ ‎58．Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?‎ A．Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing.‎ B．Her students behaved a little better than usual.‎ C．She managed to finish the class without crying.‎ D．She was invited for a talk by her boss after class.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。从第六段第一句中的“I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying ...”可知，作者还有些成就感是因为她设法上完了课而没有哭，故选C项。‎ ‎59．The students behaved badly in the writer's classes because ________.‎ A．they were eager to embarrass her B．she didn't really understand them C．they didn't regard her as a good teacher D．she didn't have a good command of English 解析：选B　推理判断题。从文章倒数第四段中的“‘You had nothing to say to them.’”和倒数第三段可推知，作者的老板认为她没有真正地了解学生，所以学生们在她的课堂上表现不好，故选B项。‎ ‎60．The taskmaster's attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be best described as ________.‎ A．cruel but encouraging B．fierce but forgiving C．sincere and supportive D．angry and aggressive 解析：选C　态度推断题。从倒数第四段中的“he said simply, without accusation”和倒数第三段中的“He named my problems and offered solutions.”可知，作者的老板对她真诚友善并且支持她的工作，故选C项。‎ ‎【十】‎ Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.Some in the city can't wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.‎ ‎“I'd use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a．m.and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open，” said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.‎ The smartphonelike glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly including a variation of augmented (增强的) reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one's surroundings.So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop_up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.‎ ‎“As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isn't something anybody needs，” said Sam Biddle, who writes for Gizmodo.com.“We're accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things，” he added, “and the average consumer isn't gonna be able to afford another device (装置) that's hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”‎ ‎9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphonelike glasses since late last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.‎ ‎“It's just like smartphones 10 years ago，” Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and it's unnatural，” he said.“There's gonna be improvements to that, and this a step there.” ‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了一款新的像智能手机一样的眼镜，这款眼镜现在普通消费者还买不起，但也有人认为在未来它会像现在的智能手机一样普及。‎ ‎60.One of the possible functions of the smartphonelike glasses is to ________.‎ A．program the opening hours of a bar B．supply you with a picture of the future C．provide information about your surroundings D．update the maps and GPS in your smartphones 解析：选C　细节理解题。依据第三段内容可知这种类似智能手机的眼镜能够提供周围环境的信息并显示出来。‎ ‎61．The underlined phrase “pop up” in the third paragraph probably means “ ________”．‎ A．develop rapidly B．get round quickly C．appear immediately D．go over automatically 解析：选C　短语理解题。依据第三段最后一句可知，当你走在大街上时，显示器会立即“显示”距离你最近的咖啡馆，或绘制出其方向。‎ ‎62．According to Sam Biddle, the smartphonelike glasses are ________.‎ A．necessary for teenagers B．attractive to New Yorkers C．available to people worldwide D．expensive for average consumers 解析：选D　细节理解题。依据第四段最后一句可知，Sam Biddle认为这种类似智能手机的眼镜并不是普通消费者能够买得起的。‎ ‎63．We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphonelike glasses ________.‎ A．may have a potential market B．are as common as smartphones C．are popular among young adults D．will be improved by a new technology 解析：选A　推理判断题。依据最后一段最后一句可知，Seth Weintraub对这种眼镜持乐观态度，相信这款类似智能手机的眼镜会像智能手机一样普及。换言之，这款眼镜可能拥有巨大的市场潜力。‎