上海市高考英语试卷及解析

上海市高考英语试卷及解析

‎2016年 ‎25． Bags of Love Last year，I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house，so I stayed with her for a month．During that time，I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries．‎ After less than a week，I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly﹣we were always suddenly out of something．（25）　　　　　　（wonder） how my mum could consume them so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for two weeks．To my surprise，I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine．Eventually，I decided to follow her and （26）　　　　　　 happened truly amazed me．She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in （27）　　　　　　 she distributed it to children．‎ I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother．Then it hit me﹣shy would she mot want to tell me about what she （28）　　　　　　（do）？Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop （29）　　　　　　（buy） the groceries if I found out？‎ When she got home，I told her about my discovery．（30）　　　　　　 she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret （31）　　　　　　 me．She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets．For years，my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare．I was so impressed by （32）　　　　　　 selfless she was．‎ ‎33．（8分）（2016•上海）Stress：Good or Bad？‎ Stress used to be an almost unknown word，but now that we are used to talking about it，I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed．‎ In recent years，stress（33）　　　　　　（regard） as a cause of a whole range of medical problems，from high blood pressure to mental illness．But like so many other things，it is only too much stress（34）　　　　　　 does you harm．It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life，you would achieve a little．If you are stuck at home with no stress，then your level of performance will be low．Up to a certain point，the more stress you are under，the （35）　　　　　　（good） your performance will be．Beyond a certain point，though，further stress will only lead to exhaustion，illness and finally a breakdown．You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope，by asking yourself （36）　　　　　　 number of questions．Do you，for instance，feel that too much is being expected of （37）　　　　　　，and yet find it impossible to say no？Do you find yourself getting impatient of （38）　　　　　　（annoy） with people over unimportant things？…If the answer to all those questions is yes，you had better（39）　　　　　　（control ） your stress，as you probably are under more stress than is good for you．‎ To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life．Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events．Getting married is 50，pregnancy 40，moving house 20，Christmas 12，etc．If the total stress in your life is over 150，you are twice as likely （40）　　　　　　 （get）ill．‎ ‎41．‎ A．account B．adjustable C．appliances D．capture E．decorations F．direct G．experiment H．intended I．operated J．soulless K．squeeze Golden Rules of Good Design What makes good design？Over the years，designers and artists have been trying to （41）　　　　　　 the essentials of good design．They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design．There are four as follows．‎ Less is more．This saying is associated with the German﹣born architect Mies van der Rohe．In his Modernist view，beauty lies in simplicity and elegance，and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means．Design should avoid unnecessary （42）　　　　　　‎ More is not a bore．The American﹣born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly，the result is （43）　　　　　　design．Post﹣Modernist designers began to （44）　　　　　　 with decoration and color again．Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen （45）　　　　　　 such as ovens and kettles．‎ Fitness for purpose．Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function，purpose，shape，form，color，and so on．The most important result for the user is that the product does what is （46）　　　　　　．For example，think of a（n） （47）　　　　　　 desk lamp．It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user．It also needs to be stable．Most importantly，it needs to （48）　　　　　　light where it is needed．‎ From follows emotion．This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger．He believes design must take into（49）　　　　　　the sensory side of our nature﹣sight，smell，touch and taste．These are as important as rational（理性的） thinking．When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste，we appreciate a cool﹣looking device that allows us to easily（50）　　　　　　the toothpaste onto our brush．‎ ‎　‎ ‎51． In the 1960s，Douglas McGregor，one of the key thinkers in the art of management，developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y．Theory X is the idea that people instinctively （51）　　　　　　 work and will do anything to avoid it．Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work．‎ In any case，despite so much evidence to the （52）　　　　　　，many managers still agree to Theory X．They believe，（53）　　　　　　，that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively，or that decisions must be imposed from （54）　　　　　　 without consultation．This，of course，makes for authoritarian （专制的） managers．‎ Different cultures have different ways of （55）　　　　　　 people．Unlike authoritarian management，some cultures，particularly in Asia，are well known for the consultative nature of decision﹣making﹣all members of the department or work group are asked to （56）　　　　　　 to this process．This is management by the collective opinion．Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things，which are based on general （57）　　　　　　．Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional （58）　　　　　　 managers cannot．‎ A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative，to make decisions on their own without（59）　　　　　　 managers first．This empowerment （授权） has been part of the trend towards downsizing：（60）　　　　　　 the number of management layers in companies．After de﹣layering in this way，a company may be （61）　　　　　　 with just a ‎ top level of senior managers，front﹣line managers and employees with direct contact with the public．Empowerment takes the idea of delegation （委托） much further than has （62）　　　　　　been the case．Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to （63）　　　　　　 that the overall business plan is being followed，and that operations become more profitable under the new organization，rather than less．‎ Another trend is off﹣site or （64）　　　　　　 management，where teams of people linked by e﹣mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses．Project managers evaluate the （65）　　　　　　 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects，rather than the amount of time they spend on them．‎ ‎51．A．desire B．seek C．lose D．dislike ‎52．A．contrary B．expectation C．degree D．extreme ‎53．A．vice versa B．for example C．however D．otherwise ‎54．A．outside B．inside C．below D．above ‎55．A．replacing B．assessing C．managing D．encouraging ‎56．A．refer B．contribute C．object D．apply ‎57．A．agreement B．practice C．election D．impression ‎58．A．bossy B．experienced C．western D．male ‎59．A．asking B．training C．warning D．firing ‎60．A．doubling B．maintaining C．reducing D．estimating ‎61．A．honoured B．left C．crowded D．compared ‎62．A．economically B．traditionally C．inadequately D．occasionally ‎63．A．deny B．admit C．assume D．ensure ‎64．A．virtual B．ineffective C．day﹣to﹣day D．on﹣the﹣scene ‎65．A．opinion B．risk C．performance D．attractiveness．‎ ‎　‎ ‎66．One early morning，I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again．My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word“Poems”appeared in big，hot pink letters．‎ ‎“Is it good？”I asked her．‎ ‎“Yeah，”she answered．“There’s one I really like and you’ll like it，too．”I leaned forward．‎ ‎“‘Patty Poem，’”she read the title．Who is Patty？I wondered．The poem began：‎ She never puts her toys away，‎ Just leaves them scattered①where they lay，…①散乱的 The poem was just three short sections．The final one came quickly：‎ When she grows and gathers poise②，②稳重 I’ll miss her harum﹣scarum③ noise，③莽撞的 And look in vain④ for scattered toys．④徒劳地 And I’ll be sad．‎ ‎ A terrible sorrow washed over me．Whoever Patty was，she was a mean girl．Then，the shock．‎ ‎ “It’s you，honey，”My mother said sadly．‎ ‎ To my mother，the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves．To me，the“she”in the poem was horror．It was my mama who would be sad．It was so terrible I burst out crying．‎ ‎ “What’s wrong？”my mother asked．‎ ‎ “Oh Mama，”I cried．“I don’t want to grow up ever!”‎ ‎ She smiled．“Honey，it’s okay．You’re not growing up anytime soon．And when you do，I’ll still love you，okay？”‎ ‎ “Okay，”I was still weeping．My panic has gone．But I could not help thinking about that silly poem．After what seemed like a safe amount of time，I read the poem again and was confused．It all fit so well together，like a puzzle．The language was simple，so simple I could plainly understand its meaning，yet it was still beautiful．I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry，words that had the power to make or break a person’s world．‎ ‎ I have since fallen in love with other poems，but“Patty Poem”remains my poem．After all，“Patty Poem”gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits，but because it was the one that hurt me the most．‎ ‎66．Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again？　　　　　　‎ A．It was a thick enough book．‎ B．Something on its cover caught her eye．‎ C．Her mother was reading it with interest．‎ D．It has a meaningful title．‎ ‎67．After her mother read the poem to her，the writer felt　　　　　　 at first．‎ A．sad B．excited C．horrified D．confused ‎68．The writer’s mother liked to read“Patty Poem”probably because　　　　　　．‎ A．it reflected her own childhood B．it was written in simple language C．it was composed by a famous poet D．it gave her a hint of what would happen ‎69．It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to　　　　　　．‎ A．discover the power of poetry B．recognize her love for puzzles C．find her eagerness to grow up D．experience great homesickness．‎ ‎70． Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early 1900s．Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference．In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions（排放） from 2008 to 2012．Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020．More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming．But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions．‎ ‎70．It can be concluded from paragraph 1that　　　　　　．‎ A．the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020‎ B．gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C．the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D．humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming ‎71．If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，what would happen by the year 2100？‎ ‎　　　　　　‎ A．The human population would increase by one third．‎ B．Little over 50% of all species would still exist．‎ C．Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets．‎ D．The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached．‎ ‎72．If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive，the maximum temperature rise，since the start of the industrial age，should be　　　　　　．‎ A.0.8℃ B.1.5℃ C.2℃ D.3.5℃‎ ‎73． Enough“meaningless drivel”．That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data．‎ The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report，released last week，has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark （认证标记） to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions．‎ ‎“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone，”says Andrew Miller，the chair of the committee．Instead，he says，firms should provide a plain﹣English version of their terms．The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original．‎ It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme，but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis．“we need to think through how we make that work in practice，”says Miller．‎ Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark？“I think if you went and did the survey，people would like to think they would，”says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton，UK，who studies open data．“We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information．”But what would happen in practice is another matter，he says．‎ Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand，but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new．“We still don’t know how significant the long﹣term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20years’time，”he says．‎ Shadbolt，who gave evidence to the committee，says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving．Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently，he says．‎ The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect，even if users have apparently permission，show that the current situation isn’t working．If properly administered，a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to．Although they would still have to actually read them．‎ ‎73．What does the phrase“meaningless drivel”in paragraphs 1and 3 refer to？　　　　　　‎ A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to．‎ B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites．‎ C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly．‎ D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms．‎ ‎74．It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether　　　　　　．‎ A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models ‎75．Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because　　　　　　．‎ A．their users consist largely of kids under 20years old B．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C．the information they collected could become more valuable in future D．it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of ‎76．The writer advises users of social media to　　　　　　．‎ A．think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B．read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C．take no further action if they can find a kitemark D．avoid providing too much personal information ‎77．Which of the following is the best title of the passage？　　　　　　‎ A．Say no to social media？‎ B．New security rules in operation？‎ C．Accept without reading？‎ D．Administration matters!‎ ‎　‎ Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.‎ ‎78．（8分）（2016•上海）Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion（拥堵） at some of the country’s busiest stations．‎ ‎ In the first move of its kind，all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量） at the height of the rush hour．‎ ‎ A six﹣month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid﹣April，eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left．The move，imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong，is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times．it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years．‎ ‎ According to London Underground，only 40percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators，leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the“standing“side．‎ A three﹣week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third．Peter McNaught，operations director at London Underground，said：“It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still，but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true．This new six﹣month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term．”‎ ‎ Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4high．Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up﹣meaning only one side was used at all times．Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5to ban walking．‎ ‎ The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2，500people between 8：30am and 9：30am on a typical day，rising to 3，250during the researching period．‎ ‎ In the new trial，which will be launched from April 18，one of three“up”escalators will be standing only，with a second banning walking at peak times．A third will remain a mix of walking and standing．‎ ‎（Note：Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）‎ ‎78．What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left？　　　　　　‎ ‎79．What did last year’s three﹣week trial at Holborn station prove？　　　　　　‎ ‎80．The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least　　　　　　 in height．‎ ‎81．In the new trail，in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours，the other“up”escalators will be used for　　　　　　．‎ ‎　‎ I.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎82．（3分）（2016•上海）我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报．（hope）　　　　　　．‎ ‎83．（3分）（2016•上海）二十世纪末中国经济迅速发展．（witness）‎ ‎84．（3分）（2016•上海）为买一双运动鞋而通宵排队有意义吗？（point）　　　　　　．‎ ‎85．（3分）（2016•上海）虽然当时我年幼，不理解这部电影的含义，但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了．（too…to…）　　　　　　．‎ ‎86．（3分）（2016•上海）我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分．（The moment…）　　　　　　．‎ ‎　‎ ‎　‎ ‎25．【分析】文章讲述了一个感人的故事．作者因为工作的原因，和母亲在一起住了一个月．期间，作者帮助干些家务和购买一些日常用品．很快作者发现了一件奇怪的事：家里的东西好像用的特别快．为了找到原因，作者开始留意母亲的行踪．结果很意外，原来母亲每天都会带着满满一包听装食品去难民营，把食物分发给那的孩子．知道真相后，作者为母亲那无私的爱而感动不已．‎ ‎【解答】答案：‎ ‎25．Wondering 后面一句是I began observing her daily routine for two weeks．中间是逗号分隔的，没有连词，说明这是一个简单句，空格上要填非谓语动词修饰，而且动词wonder与后面句子的主语I之间构成主动关系，要用现在分词形式，作原因状语．故填Wondering．‎ ‎26．what 前面的句子是I decided to follow her，中间有并列连词and，说明这是并列句；而空格后面是happened truly amazed me．发生的事情让我惊呆了．句子的谓语动词是amazed，前面是一个主语从句，并且从句缺少主语，要用连接代词what（指事情）．故填what．‎ ‎27．which 前面的句子是She was taking the food to the refugee camp，后面的句子是she distributed it to children．中间用逗号分隔，说明这是一个主从复合句，要用连接词．in which相当于where，引导定语从句修饰前面的先行词the refugee camp．故填which．‎ ‎28．had done 文章讲述的是一件过去的事，题干中说why would she mot want to tell me她为什么不告诉我（她做的事），可以知道母亲做的事发生在作者发现以前，所以是过去的过去，要用过去完成时态．故填had done．‎ ‎29．buying 固定搭配．stop doing sth停止做某事．‎ ‎30．Before 题干中是she could react，I gave her a big hug两个简单句不能用逗号分隔，说明前面要填连词．before连接时间状语从句，表示“来不及…就…“．句意：在母亲还没来得及反应，我就紧紧地抱住了她．故填Before．‎ ‎31．from 固定搭配．keep from隐瞒．题干中keep it a secret from me的意思是对我保守秘密．故填from．‎ ‎32．how 题干中she was是一个主谓结构，放在介词by后，说明是作宾语从句，要用连词；而selfless（无私的）是一个形容词，要用how来修饰．故填how．‎ ‎【点评】语法填空题是考查学生对语篇的理解能力和语言知识的应用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，充分考虑语境和上下文的联系．‎ ‎33．【考点】语法填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】文章讲的是压力在人的生活中究竟是好还是坏．过去人们对压力很陌生，然而现在压力总是挂在人们嘴边．近些年来，压力给人们的生活带来很多问题，高血压，精神疾病都是生活压力导致的．和许多事物一样，压力也有正反两个方面：太大的压力会导致身体伤害，没有压力也会让人碌碌无闻．在某种程度上说，压力越大，成就也就越大；当如果超出了自己的承受能力，压力就百害而无一益了．所以，我们要学会控制生活中的压力．‎ ‎【解答】33．has been regarded短语搭配．regard…as…认为，把…看作． 题干中regard的宾语是stress，要用变动；前面有时间状语In recent years近些年来，表示从过去到现在，是完成时态的时间状语．所以要用现在完成时态的变动语态．故填has been regarded．‎ ‎34．that 强调句型．it is…that…用来对主语only too much stress进行强调，只有太多的压力才会带来伤害．故填that．‎ ‎35．better 固定句型．the+比较级…，the+比较级…表示越怎样，就越怎样．故填better．‎ ‎36．a 固定短语．a number of 大量，许多的意思．故填a．‎ ‎37．you 逻辑推理．前面句子说的是asking yourself a number of questions问你自己问题；后面说Do you，for instance，feel that too much is being expected of（you）例如你有没有觉得对自己的期待过高．故填you．‎ ‎38．annoyed 短语搭配．前面说getting impatient 对什么不耐烦，后面用or（或者）表示并列结构（getting） annoyed with 对什么厌烦．故填annoyed．‎ ‎39．control情态动词．had better最好，是一个特殊的情态动词，后面要用动词原形．故填control．‎ ‎40．to get短语搭配．be likely to do sth很可能怎样，后接动词不等式．故填to get．‎ ‎41．【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是好的设计应该包括四个黄金定律．‎ ‎【解答】41．D capture是动词，意思是“获得，捕获”，本句中该次构成的是不定式短语“to capture…”作动词try的宾语．句意：多年以来，设计师和艺术家一直都在努力搞清楚好的设计的本质．‎ ‎42．E 名词decorations，意思是“装饰”，该词在句中作动词avoid的宾语．本段的主题句是“Less is more”，倡导装修设计的简单化．句意：设计应该避免不必要的装饰物． ‎ ‎43．J 形容词soulless，意思是“没有灵魂的”，该词在本句中作定语，修饰名词design．根据前半句“The American﹣born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly”可知：美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结说﹣﹣﹣如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的．‎ ‎44．G 动词短语experiment with，意思是“试用，用…做实验”，句意：后现代主义设计师们再一次开始试验装饰和颜色． ‎ ‎45．C 名词appliance，意思是“电器，电气工具”，该词可由后面列举的例子“ovens and kettles”推理得知，指的是厨房电器等物品．‎ ‎46．H 形容词intended，意思是“预期的”，本句中该词和系动词is构成系表结构．句意：对用户来说最重要的是产品到达了预期的效果．‎ ‎47．B 形容词adjustable，意思是“可调节的”，本句中该词做定语修饰名词desk lamp，意思是“可调节的台灯”，与后句中的“regular adjustments by the user”形成前后呼应． ‎ ‎48．F 动词direct，意思是“对准，指挥”，本句中该词与名词light构成动宾关系．句意：最重要的是，它需要对准需要光线的地方． ‎ ‎49．A 动词短语take…into account“把…考虑在内”．句意：他认为设计必须要把自然的直觉考虑在内，如：视觉，嗅觉，触觉和味觉． ‎ ‎50．K 动词squeeze，意思是“挤压”，本句中该词和名词the toothpaste 构成动宾关系．句意：我们很喜欢一个看起来很酷的装置，能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到我们的牙刷上．‎ ‎51．（15分）‎ ‎【考点】社会文化．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本篇主要介绍了美国著名管理大师以及行为科学家麦格雷戈的“X理论﹣Y理论”﹣﹣消极的X理论，即人性本恶，在工作中人本能地不喜欢工作；积极的Y理论，即人性本善，在工作中人都有在工作中获得满足感的潜能．‎ ‎【解答】51﹣55 DABDC 56﹣60 BADAC 61﹣65 BBDAC ‎51．D desire 需求，欲望；seek 寻找； lose 失去，丢失； dislike 不喜欢．本句简单介绍了X理论，由后半句and will do anything to avoid it可以推知，人们本能地_______工作，这里应该是dislike．‎ ‎52．A many managers still agree to Theory X（管理者们仍然同意X理论），由despite…still关键词可知，即使有很多关于Y理论的有力证据，管理者仍然坚持X理论，因而，空格处代表的是“Y理论”，即是X理论的相反，故选contrary．‎ ‎53．B vice versa 反之亦然；for example，比如；however 然而；otherwise 否则．根据整句内容，这里是顺势举例，没有转折的意思，因此为for example．‎ ‎54．D 根据前后句的解释，X理论是一种赞同专制的理论，因此此处为above（上头，上面的阶级），表示决定impose（强加）自上头，在没有任何协商的情况下（without any consultation）．‎ ‎55．C 由后文内容可知，不同的文化，有不同的管理人的办法，在这一点上，西方开始效仿东方国家．这里为managing．‎ ‎56．B 根据文化常识，东方国家要求他人服从/奉献，因此all members of the department or work group are asked to （56）____to this process．此处为contribute to…，选项为B．‎ ‎57．A 根据文化常识推理，东方国家是在普遍的认可下做出决定，因此此处西方国家效仿东方国家，所作的决定是基于普遍的认同下的，Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things，which are based on general （57）_____．此处为agreement．‎ ‎58．D Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional （58）___ managers cannot．此处指出女性能够成为效率更高的管理者，因为她们有让人达到共同目标的手段，这里存在男性和女性的对比，that引导定语从句，表示“男性没有的一种力量”，因而为male．‎ ‎59．A 由前一句可知to encourage employees to use their own initiative（鼓励员工的主动性），因此后一句表达“不需要征询管理者的同意”，征询，asking．‎ ‎60．C 此句关键字为downsizing（精简，裁员），因而冒号后为解释前句的意思，因此为reducing（减少）．‎ ‎61．B 后一句为After de﹣layering in this way的结果，可知结果是“只剩下了最高的高级管理者，最前沿的管理者以及直接接触公众的雇员（a top level of senior managers，front﹣line managers and employees with direct contact with the public），答案B．‎ ‎62．B Empowerment takes the idea of delegation （委托） much further than has （62）___been the case．比起传统中自己处理事情，授权更多地采用委托他人来解决事情．根据句意，应为traditionally．‎ ‎63．D deny否定，admit 承认，assume 夺取，假定，ensure 确保；此处提到授权的好处，应该是“确保”，答案为D．‎ ‎64．A virtual虚拟的，ineffective无效的，day﹣to﹣day 日复一日的，on﹣the﹣scene 现场的，根据后文内容，teams of people linked by e﹣mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses，可知是虚拟的．‎ ‎65．C opinion 意见，risk 风险，performance 表现，attractiveness 吸引力，本句句意是“管理者对员工的表现的考核是根据他们为项目作出的贡献，而不是他们在上面所花的时间“，因而答案为C．‎ ‎【点评】作答此题，考生需根据前后文对句子表达的意思进行推导，理清前后文的逻辑关系，注意抓住关键词和关键句所透露出的信息．在平时，考生需注意词汇的积累，避免因为词汇而造成对文章理解的困难．‎ ‎66．【分析】本文是一篇记叙文．叙述了作者通过阅读诗歌“patty poem”感受到了诗歌的美，从而爱上诗歌的故事．一天清晨，我走进起居室，发现妈妈在读一首诗，我的兴趣被激发起来了，主要是因为这本书封面上的字“Poems”是用很大的，艳丽的粉红色书写的．这首诗揭示的是当她的孩子长大和离开她时的父母的感情．对我来说，因为我长大之后也要离开妈妈，这会让我的妈妈非常难受．因为这首诗歌，作者感受到了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌．‎ ‎【解答】66．B 细节理解题．根据第一段最后一句话“My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word“Poems”appeared in big，hot pink letters．”可知：我的兴趣被激发起来了，主要是因为这本书封面上的字“Poems”是用很大的，艳丽的粉红色书写的，故答案选B．‎ ‎67．A 细节理解题．根据文中的“A terrible sorrow washed over me．Whoever Patty was，she was a mean girl．”可知：当我读完这首诗的时候，我很难过．故答案选A． ‎ ‎68．D 推理判断题．根据文中的“To my mother，the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves．To me，the“she”in the poem was horror．It was my mama who would be sad．”可知：对妈妈来说，这首诗揭示的是当她的孩子长大和离开她时的父母的感情．对我来说，诗歌中的那个“她”是可怕的，这会让我的妈妈非常难受． 所以作者的母亲喜欢读这首“patty poem”是因为这首诗歌让她和未来可能发生的事情联系起来了，故答案选D． ‎ ‎69．A 推理判断题．根段据文章的最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems，but“Patty Poem”remains my poem．After all，“Patty Poem”gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits，but because it was the one that hurt me the most．”可知：这首诗歌让作者感受到了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，不是因为这首诗提起了我的精神，而是因为它是让我感触最深的一首诗．因此是这首诗歌引领作者发现了诗歌的力量，故答案选A．‎ ‎70．【分析】本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件．‎ ‎【解答】70．D 71．D 72．B ‎70．D 推理判断题．根据文章第一段三至六句“Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference．In 1997，the Kyoto…stuck by nearly 200 countries； also aims to limit global warming．”可知自从 20世纪早期开始人类就一直在努力減少温室气体的排故，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势．故D项正确．‎ ‎71．D 推理判断题．根据文章第二段“This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Pans promises to reduce carbon emissions；”可知如果各国的气体排故能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度．而根据第三段“To meet this minimum goal”可知最小的目标是上升两度．也就是说即使各国的气体排砍能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标．故D正确．‎ ‎72．B 细节理解题．根据第四段“1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement，after a push by low﹣lying island nations like Kiribati：which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinkmg．”可知对于那些低海拔的国家来说温度上升不超过1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没．故B正确．‎ ‎73．【分析】当我们在社交媒体上注册登记的时候，总会签署一些无意义的法律合同，文章就此现象展开了讨论，并列举了多人的不同观点．‎ ‎【解答】73．A 74．B 75．D 76．B 77．C ‎73．A 词义猜测题．根据第一段第一句“…has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts…”可知很多社交媒体公司和用户签订了没有意义的法律合同．而这些合同是没有意义的废话，也起不到任何作用，很多用户根本没有仔细阅读合同的具体内容．故A正确．‎ ‎74．B 推理判断题．根据第五段前二句“Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark？I think if you went and did the survey，people would like to think they would，says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton，UK，who studies open data．”可知Nigel Shadbolt认为如果我们去做相关调查，人们会认为他们会很注意这些认证标记的．故B项正确．‎ ‎75．D 推理判断题．根据第六段最后一句“We still don’t know how significant the long﹣term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’time，”he says．可知我们现在还不知道所签署的这些长期的无意义的合同未来会给他们带来什么样的影响．也不知道未来人们会怎么利用这样的信息．故D项正确．‎ ‎76．B 推理判断题．根据文章最后一句“If properly administered，a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to．Although they would still have to actually read them．”可知文章建议我们即使有认证标志，我们也应该认真阅读那些无意义的合同中的条款和内容，我们要知道我们所签署的协议的具体内容．故B正确．‎ ‎77．C 标题概括题．现在的网站中或者社交媒睞软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署，很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了．文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名．故C项“Accept without reading？未阅读就接受”符合文章中心思想．其余三项与文章内容不贴切．‎ ‎　‎ ‎78．【分析】本文属于议论文，禁止人们在电子扶梯上走动，并让所有的乘客站在扶梯的两边，这种做法增加了电子扶梯的容量，文章就此内容展开讨论．‎ ‎【解答】78．The capacity of escalators hasn't been made full use of．‎ 推理判断题．根据第二段“In the first move of its kind，all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量） at the height of the rush hour．”所有的游客将被迫站在电子扶梯的两边，以增加电子扶梯的载客量，减轻高峰期的交通压力．也就是说原来的方法并没有充分利用好电子扶梯的容量．‎ ‎79．Passengers can go quicker by standing still．‎ 细节理解题．根据第五段第一句“A three﹣week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third．”可知在Holborn进行的为期的三周的测试发现乘客们不在电子扶梯上走来走去，实际上让使用电子扶梯的乘客的人数多了三分之一．‎ ‎80.18.5m 细节理解题．根据第六段最后﹣句“Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking．”可知静止乘客步行的电子扶梯最好的长度是超过1S.5米．‎ ‎81．standing only and a mix of walking and standing 细节理解题．根据文章最后一段“In the new trial，which win be launched from April 18： one of three“up“escalators will be standing only，with a second banning walking at peak times．A third will remain a mix of walking and standing．”可知三个向上的电子扶梯中有一个在高峰期禁止行走，一个只能站立，第三个既可以站在上面也可以在上面步行．‎ ‎　‎ ‎82．【分析】I really hope that my article will be published in a newspaper someday．‎ ‎【解答】I really hope that my article will be published in a newspaper someday．‎ 本句是表达的自己的一种主观愿望，所以用一般现在时，从句中愿望的内容可以用一般将来时．‎ 根据句意“希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报”可知运用宾语从句比较合适，that引导宾语从句，作动词hope的宾语；be published in发表于．‎ ‎【点评】适当运用主从复合句，并能够灵活运用复杂句式来表达句子的意思有助于学生翻译能力的提高．‎ ‎83．【分析】The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China’s economy．‎ ‎【解答】The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China’s economy．‎ 根据句意“二十世纪末”可知描述的是过去的事实，故用一般过去时．‎ 本句可直接使用主谓宾的简单句式来表达即可，要注意witness此处表示“见证”的含义．the rapid development of China’s economy中国经济迅速发展．‎ ‎【点评】本句注意句意及典型的时间状语The late twentieth century 可直接确定时态，注意witness在此处的含义即可翻译此句．‎ ‎84．【分析】What is the point of/in lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes？/Is there any point （in） lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes？‎ ‎【解答】What is the point of/in lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes？/Is there any point （in） lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes？‎ 本句是对事物的一种看法，所以用一般现在时．‎ 该句的翻译可以使用不同的句式来表达：What is the point of/in doing sth？？/Is there any point （in）doing sth做某事有意义吗？后面的动词不定式作目的状语．line up to do sth，为做某事而排队．‎ ‎【点评】我们可以鼓励学生使用非谓语动词的形式来表达句子的意思．‎ ‎85．【分析】Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film，I remember my family were moved to tears．‎ ‎【解答】Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film，I remember my family were moved to tears．‎ 根据句意“当时”可知应该主要描述的是过去的情况，即从句中一般过去时，而主句中用一般现在时，表示现在仍然记得．本句为一主从复合句，由Although引导的让步状语从句，主句中remember后面有一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句．too…to…意为“太…而不能…”，be moved to tears被感动的落泪．‎ ‎【点评】对于翻译句子要灵活的运用复合句，结合句子的意思来选择恰当的短语和句式．‎ ‎86．【分析】翻译：The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy．‎ ‎【解答】答案：The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy．本句用the moment“一…就”连接一个时间状语从句．我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分，强调过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时．‎ ‎【点评】句子的翻译要注意句子成分的完整和语句通顺．‎ ‎　‎