【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十：　科普知识与现代技术

【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十：　科普知识与现代技术

‎2020届二轮复习 阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十：　科普知识与现代技术 Part A　Reading　‎ Passage 1‎ 题材:科普实验　词数:311　建议时间:7分钟 A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector.Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required, though, are a 5'×5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.‎ To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole. ‎ Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.‎ The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup.When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.‎ ‎1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?‎ A.It’s delicate. B.It’s expensive.‎ C.It’s complex. D.It’s portable.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A.The tube. B.The still.‎ C.The hole. D.The cup.‎ ‎3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?‎ A.Dig a hole of a certain size. B.Put the cup in place.‎ C.Weight the sheet’s center down. D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.‎ ‎4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from　　　. ‎ A.the plastic tube B.outside the hole C.the open air D.beneath the sheet Passage 2‎ 题材:科普知识　词数:311　建议时间:8分钟 Women are friendly.But men are more competitive.Why?Researchers have found it’s all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素).Although known as the love hormone,it affects the sexes differently.‎ ‎“Women tend to be social in their behavior.They often share with others.But men tend to be competitive.They are trying to improve their social status,”said Professor Ryan.‎ Generally,people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions(互动)such as falling in love or giving birth.‎ But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.‎ Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships,but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.‎ Professor Ryan’s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.‎ Half of the participants(参与者)received oxytocin.The other half received placebo(安慰剂).‎ After a week,the two groups switched with participants.They went through the same procedure with the other material.‎ Following each treatment,they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions.Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions.The questions were about telling friendship from competition.And their answers should be based on gestures,body language and facial expressions.‎ The results indicated that,after treatment with oxytocin,men’s ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved,but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.‎ Professor Ryan thus concluded:“Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people’s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions.And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors(因素)that are mainly hormonal.”‎ ‎1.What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?‎ A.Placebo. B.Oxytocin. C.The gesture. D.The social status.‎ ‎2.What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s previous experiment?‎ A.Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.‎ B.Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.‎ C.Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others’ success.‎ D.Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people’s behavior differences.‎ ‎3.Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?‎ A.To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.‎ B.To know the differences between friendship and competition.‎ C.To know people’s different abilities to answer questions.‎ D.To test people’s understanding of body language.‎ ‎4.The author develops the text by　　　. ‎ A.explaining people’s behaviors B.describing his own experiences C.distinguishing sexual differences D.discussing research experiments Part B　Writing　‎ 一、话题语料积累 ‎1.话题词汇积累 ‎①　　　　　　[ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə]n.农业,农艺,农学 ‎ ‎②　　　　　　[əˈstrɒnəmi]n.天文学 ‎ ‎③　　　　　　[ˌbaɪəʊˈkemɪstri]n.生物化学 ‎ ‎④　　　　　　[ˈbɒtəni]n.植物学 ‎ ‎⑤　　　　　　[iˈkɒlədʒi]n.生态学 ‎ ‎⑥　　　　　　[ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm]n.生态系统 ‎ ‎⑦　　　　　　[ˈfaɪnæns]n.财政,金融 ‎ ‎⑧　　　　　　[ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ]n.园艺学 ‎ ‎⑨　　　　　　[ˈmedsn]n.医学 ‎ ‎⑩　　　　　　[njuˈtrɪʃn]n.营养,营养学 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[stəˈtɪstɪks]n.统计学,统计表 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)]n.文学 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[lɔː]n.法律,法规,定律 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈæŋɡl]n.角,角度 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[kənˈstrʌkʃn]n.建造,建设;建筑物 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈbætri]n.电池 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[biːm]n.光线,波束 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈkæpsjuːl]n.太空舱 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[sel]n.细胞,蜂房,电池 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[kəmˈpjuːtə(r)]n.计算机,电脑 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈdeɪtəbeɪs]n.资料库,数据库 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[fæks]n.传真 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[dʒiːn]n.基因 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp]n.显微镜 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈmaɪkrəweɪv]n.微波 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈplænɪt]n.[天]行星 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈɪntənet]n.互联网,因特网 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈrəʊbɒt]n.机器人 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈrɒkɪt]n.火箭 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈsætəlaɪt]n.人造卫星 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ɪˈkwɪpmənt]n.装备,设备 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈkɒŋkriːt]n.混凝土 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti]n.电;电能 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈsaɪəns]n.科学 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[tekˈnɒlədʒi]n.技术 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈækjərəsi]n.精确度,准确性 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈeəspeɪs]n.领空 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈɡrævəti]n.地心引力,重力 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[kləʊn]v.无性繁殖,克隆 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn]n.表达,交流,通信手段 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[dɪˈveləpmənt]n.发展,开发 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[pəˈluːʃn]n.污染 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈreɪdiəm]n.镭 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[prəˈsiːdʒə(r)]n.程序,手续 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[speɪs]n.空间 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈjuːnɪvɜːs]n.宇宙 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[tekˈniːk]n.技术;技巧 ‎ ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①We can send e-mails 　　　 the Internet.我们能通过因特网发电子邮件。 ‎ ‎②The Internet is very 　　　(help) and is widely used in many fields.因特网非常有帮助而且在许多领域被广泛应用。 ‎ ‎③When did this kind of car 　　　(invent)?这种汽车是什么时候创造出来的? ‎ ‎④Do you think there will be 　　　(robot) in people’s home in the future?你认为将来人们的家中会有机器人吗? ‎ ‎⑤　　　 moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。 ‎ 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)根据汉语提示完成句子 ‎①These students often 　　　　　　　　(网上冲浪) through mobile phones. ‎ ‎②　　　　　　　　(与……相比) that one, this mobile phone is smaller. ‎ ‎③These books 　　　　　　　　(占的地方太大) in the room. ‎ ‎④　　　　　　　　(发短消息) can save time. ‎ ‎⑤This kind of e-dictionary is 　　　　　　　　(质量轻、体积小、易于携带). ‎ ‎⑥Having a mobile phone, I can talk with my friend over it 　　　　　　　　(随时随地) I like. ‎ ‎⑦Unlike him, I　　　　　　　　(更喜欢电子词典). ‎ ‎⑧This mobile phone can 　　　　　　　　(伴有读音),so you needn’t read the message you get. ‎ ‎⑨This e-dictionary 　　　　　　　　(有许多功能). ‎ ‎⑩Many people like 　　　　　　　　(高科技产品). ‎ ‎(2)翻译句子 ‎①随着科技的发展,电脑越来越广泛地应用于许多领域。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎②他们创造出一个新设计的旨在帮助人们做家务的机器人。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎③这种机器是由电脑控制的。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎④一旦你按下按钮,它就会帮你清洗碗碟。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑤当有新产品问世时,在它投入使用之前,一定要对它进行检验。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑥我最终决定进入数码时代,购买一部手机。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑦近年来快递业在中国发展很快。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎2.段落练习 调整下列句子的顺序,使其成为一篇由两个自然段构成的文理通顺的短文。‎ ‎①In a word, the Internet has made our life more colourful.How fantastic it is!‎ ‎②Last but not least, we can even shop on the net, chat with other people and make friends with them.‎ ‎③Moreover, the Internet creates learning opportunities, such as going to net universities, reading various kinds of books and learning foreign languages by ourselves.‎ ‎④Besides, the Internet is also a popular means of communication, through which we can send emails and make phone calls.‎ ‎⑤The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our life.‎ ‎⑥We can enjoy music, watch sports matches and play chess or cards.‎ ‎⑦On the net, we can learn news both at home and abroad and have access to all kinds of useful information as well.‎ ‎⑧Meanwhile, we can download some academic data.‎ 组成短文后的正确顺序为:　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.篇章练习 学校正在组织科技创新大赛,你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My magic　　　”为题写一篇英语短文,介绍你的创意。 ‎ 内容: (1)说明设计理由; (2)介绍新功能。‎ 注意:(1)词数不少于120 (2)不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。‎ My magic 　　　 ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎  ‎ 单选模拟仿真练　‎ ‎1.If you need someone with professional computer knowledge,　　　to Joe. ‎ A.talks B.talking C.talk D.talked ‎2.Unless you are brave enough to speak up, you’ll lose 　　　 chances to make yourself understood. ‎ A.more B.less C.much D.fewer ‎3.In China, New Year’s Day isn’t a big moment 　　　 with the Spring Festival. ‎ A.comparing B.compared C.to compare D.being compared ‎4.—How was your trip to Switzerland?‎ ‎—Perfect! How I wish you 　　　 with us! ‎ A.have been B.are C.were D.had been ‎5.Susan’s voice still remained calm 　　　 she was getting annoyed. ‎ A.even if B.as long as C.as if D.now that ‎6.My granny does the crossword puzzle each day 　　　 her mind sharp. ‎ A.to keep B.kept C.having kept D.to be kept ‎7.So heavy 　　　 that I felt great relief after taking it off. ‎ A.is the load B.the load was C.was the load D.the load is ‎8.For better sound effects, he was asked to speak 　　　 the microphone during the whole process. ‎ A.in B.for C.into D.from ‎9.—Could you give me some advice on getting a job?‎ ‎—First, find out 　　　 you like doing best. ‎ A.what B.which C.how D.why ‎10.I 　　　 for six months.I’m really out of shape. ‎ A.hadn’t exercised B.didn’t exercise C.don’t exercise D.haven’t exercised ‎11.—Daddy, how much do you earn an hour?‎ ‎—If you 　　　 know, $20 an hour. ‎ A.may B.must C.can D.should ‎12.—Something smells really good here!‎ ‎—You 　　　 my easier cookies.Have one! ‎ A.smell B.are smelling C.were smelling D.smelt ‎13.A new learning center has been built in the school, 　　　 students to get to know the world more easily. ‎ A.allow B.allowed C.to allow D.allowing ‎14.Jack will hold a meeting 　　　 people can voice their opinions on today’s global economy. ‎ A.which B.when C.where D.whose ‎15.—The tickets to Texas are not available now.‎ ‎—Oh.Flights 　　　 fast at festivals. ‎ A.sold B.sell C.will sell D.have sold 答案 Topic 20　科普知识与现代技术 Part A　Reading Passage 1‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.in place准备妥当;准备就绪 ‎2.fall off into落入;注入 ‎3.all the way自始至终 ‎[高级句式]‎ ‎1.A build-it-yourself still is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.(不定式短语to obtain…作定语修饰ways,其中where引导定语从句修饰areas) ‎ ‎2.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.(so that引导目的状语从句,从句中and连接前后两个并列分句。) ‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为科普实验类。文章具体描述了利用自制太阳能蒸馏器获取饮用水的方法。‎ ‎1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句,尤其是尾句These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.可知该装置是可折叠的、便携的,故答案为D项。‎ ‎2.B　猜测词义题。根据第二段前两句可知,画线短语指代的是该段首句中的a working still,故答案为B项。‎ ‎3.C　细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知四个选项正确的顺序是A→B→D→C,故答案为C项。‎ ‎4.D　细节理解题。根据尾段前两句可知该装置是利用蒸发到塑料薄片上的水分凝聚成水滴,最后滴落到杯子中,故答案为D项。‎ Passage 2‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.be down to归因于 ‎2.share sth. with sb.与某人分享某事/物 ‎3.switch sth. with sb.和某人交换某物 ‎[高级句式]‎ ‎1.Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions(互动) such as falling in love or giving birth. (that引导的宾语从句中含有and连接的并列句) ‎ ‎2.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.(that引导宾语从句) ‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。文章通过Ryan教授的实验得知:荷尔蒙催生素可以使人们更好地辨别不同社交互动的能力,男女行为的不同主要是由荷尔蒙生理因素引起的。‎ ‎1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知:虽然荷尔蒙催生素被认为是爱情荷尔蒙,但是它对男女有不同的影响。所以答案是B项。‎ ‎2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知:在先前的实验里Ryan教授发现,在消极的社交互动中,比如妒忌,荷尔蒙也可以在我们身体里被释放。所以答案为C项(当我们对别人的成功感到不高兴时,我们的身体会释放荷尔蒙催生素)。‎ ‎3.A　推理判断题。根据第五段可知:进一步的研究表明,荷尔蒙催生素可以提高男性认识竞争关系的能力,但是它可以提升女性认识友谊的能力。通过这个研究结果可以推断出来Ryan教授做这个实验的目的是检测荷尔蒙催生素对人们在认识社交互动能力方面的影响,故选A项。‎ ‎4.D　推理判断题。第一段中提到Researchers have found...,第四段提到先前实验的发现,剩下文章详细介绍了最近实验的具体过程和结果,所以可以推断出作者是通过讨论研究实验来写这篇文章的,故选D项。‎ Part B　Writing 一、话题语料积累 ‎1.话题词汇积累 ‎①agriculture　②astronomy　③biochemistry　④botany　⑤ecology　⑥ecosystem　⑦finance　⑧gardening　⑨medicine　⑩nutrition statistics　literature　law　angle　construction　 battery　 beam　 capsule　 cell　 computer　 database　‎ fax　genemicroscope　microwave　planet　 Internet　 robot　 rocket　 satellite　 equipment　 concrete　‎ electricity　sciencetechnology　accuracy　airspace　 gravity　 clone　 communication　 development　 pollution　‎ radium　procedurespace　universe　 technique ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①through/on　②helpful　③be invented　④robots　⑤The 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)①surf the Internet　②Compared with　③take too much space ④Sending short messages　⑤light in weight, small in size and easy to carry ‎⑥anytime and anywhere　⑦prefer the edictionary　⑧be accompanied with the pronunciation　⑨has many functions　⑩products of high-technology ‎(2)①With the development of technology, computers are used more and more widely in many fields.‎ ‎②They invent a newly-designed robot which is intended to help people with housework.‎ ‎③This kind of machine is controlled by a computer.‎ ‎④Once you press the button, it will start washing dishes for you.‎ ‎⑤When a new product comes into being,it must be tested before it is put into use.‎ ‎⑥I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone.‎ ‎⑦The express delivery has developed very quickly in China in recent years.‎ ‎2.段落练习 第一段:⑤-⑦-⑧-④-③-⑥-②　第二段:①‎ ‎3.篇章练习 One possible version:‎ My magic neutral water pen The neutral water pen is widely used in the process of study but we often have trouble using it because of its limited ink and other inconvenience.‎ To deal with these problems,consequently,I have worked heart and soul to create my own magic neutral water pen.‎ The most shining function of this newly designed pen is that it will contain special ink powder which makes it have endless ink.Furthermore,the pen is made of the extremely strong materials,which can protect the pen from the damage when it might fall down onto the ground.Better still,so smoothly does it write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.‎ Such is my magic neutral water pen.Are you interested in it? Hope it will be of great use for users.‎ 单选模拟仿真练 ‎1—5 CABDA　6—10 ACCAD　11—15 BBDCB