【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解社会文化类训练（含有解析）学案（9页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解社会文化类训练（含有解析）学案（9页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习　阅读理解社会文化类训练 A Recently, my teenage son gave me a great insight into my writing career. He plays the online multiplayer game Minecraft, in which players build vast structures while battling the occasional zombie night.‎ ‎“How do you win the game？” I asked him.‎ He rolled his eyes, the way only teens can.‎ ‎“There is no winning the game, mom，” he said. “It’s about the experience. It’s all about the journey.”‎ Well said, Evan. I so often forget this truth.‎ In writing, there is no arriving. There’s always the drive to write a better article, blog post, poem, or novel, next time. There is no “done”．‎ What sights do you want to see on your journey? Where do you want to be sure to go? These are the questions I’m asking myself as I consider my plans for next year.‎ If we’ve written well, what we leave behind will be part of our legacy, hopefully helping others long after we’re gone. I find that thought comforting.‎ You could make your way to new signatures in magazines, or even to new places on the map. I have a friend who was flown to Denmark to meet with Lego because they liked his writing. I recently read about a woman whose writing got her a position in Singapore from CocaCola.‎ So here’s a writing journey for all of us that’s full of breathtaking sights, unexpected turns, wonderful friends, and opportunities to grow and improve our craft.‎ As we enter the new year, I’m going to try to remember my writingcareer ‎ focus — the places I want to be sure to visit on my way. Most of all, I’m going to work on letting go of my feelings of “falling behind” or not being “there” yet, and try to enjoy every moment of my wonderful writer’s life.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了写作重要的不是结果，而是过程，我们应享受写作过程中的每一刻。‎ ‎1．What got the author thinking about her writing career?‎ A．Her son’s playing games online.‎ B．Her son’s words.‎ C．Her experience of a journey.‎ D．Her son’s winning the game.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第四段后两句可推知，作者儿子的话使她重新思考自己的写作生涯。故答案选B。‎ ‎2．The author mentioned Lego and CocaCola to show that ________.‎ A．writings should appeal to companies B．there are great writers in wellknown companies C．writers should go to new places on the map D．great writers can make a difference 解析：选D　推理判断题。第一个例子是指，作者的朋友飞到丹麦去见乐高公司的员工，因为他们喜欢他的作品；第二个例子是指，一位妇女的写作作品使得她在新加坡的可口可乐公司获得了一席之地；由此并结合倒数第二段可推知，作者提到Lego和CocaCola旨在说明伟大的作家能够产生重要影响。故答案选D。‎ ‎3．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．My Smart Son B．My Writing Career C．The Writing Journey Matters D．My Son Teaches Me Much 解析：选C　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，儿子的话使作者领悟到写作过程才是最重要的，并且她打算今后要珍惜写作过程中的每一刻。C项“写作过程很重要”概括了文章大意，适合做标题。故答案选C。‎ B As anyone who freelances (做自由职业) knows, there are lots of advantages of working at home alone. But there are drawbacks too, like the potential loneliness. No wonder coworking spaces are becoming so popular: They permit selfemployed individuals to feel like they are part of all office environment, while making them get some work done too. But renting a coworking space does cost money.‎ Now a Swedish project is aiming to change that by turning people’s underused homes into temporary coworking spaces, available to freelancers for free. Hoffice was started by freelancers Christofer Gradin Franzen and Johline Zandra about a year ago in Stockholm when they invited a few people into their home office to work together. It was a great success, and the project has since spread to a number of cities in Europe, North and South America, Australia, India and Japan. Anyone can sign up and offer their home space as a free coworking space, or go to find a Hoffice near them.‎ On a Hoffice day, everyone arrives and starts work at a certain hour. After 45 minutes, everyone gets up to take a break, stretch, do qigong or yoga for 10 to 15 minutes. Afterwards, people can gather around again, and restate their intentions and goals for the rest of the work day, as a way to motivate each other. Meals can be eaten together at a certain hour, potluckstyle (家常饭) or by ‎ bringing your own lunch.‎ This process creates an encouraging and supportive work environment. As some freelancers describe, “By working at Hoffice, we give ourselves and each other the gift to spend our days in a social working environment, where we are extremely productive without ignoring our other human needs. We also make sure to give us and each other what we need to feel calm, happy, inspired and creative during the working day.”‎ So Hoffice is not just about sharing space; it’s also about a free exchange of ideas. And perhaps the best thing is that Hoffices are free to use.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种可以给自由工作者提供免费集体工作场所的工作模式——Hoffice。自由职业者在Hoffice办公不仅避免了孤独，而且工作效率高、心情愉快；Hoffice的这种工作模式已传播到世界各国的多个城市，并越来越受人们的欢迎。‎ ‎4．Hoffice was started to ________.‎ A．change people’s attitude to work B．encourage people to be more social C．improve people’s working conditions D．provide a coworking space for free 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，Hoffice的出现是为了给自由职业者们提供免费的集体工作场所。故选D。‎ ‎5．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?‎ A．How people respond to Hoffice.‎ B．How a Hoffice day works.‎ C．What people share at Hoffice.‎ D．What Hoffice means to people.‎ 解析：选B　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍了在Hoffice工作室，人们是如何进行日常工作的。故选B。‎ ‎6．Some freelancers’ descriptions of Hoffice suggest that they ________.‎ A．benefit a lot from the working style B．work longer than before C．expect more people to join them D．can’t be separated from each other 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，自由职业者在Hoffice这种环境中工作，工作效率高、心情愉快；由此可推知，在Hoffice这样的环境中工作，他们受益很多。故选A。‎ ‎7．What do we know about Hoffice according to the text?‎ A．It is becoming increasingly popular.‎ B．It has been around for quite a few years.‎ C．It has created many new job opportunities.‎ D．It is suitable for people from all walks of life.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，Hoffice这种工作模式已经传播到世界各国的多个城市，变得越来越受人们欢迎。故选A。‎ C Singapore’s schools have become global role models, with high results in international tests. But now they want to move beyond this — towards something that encourages creativity and what they term “holistic (全面的) education”．‎ Minister for Education, Heng Swee Keat, says this is “less about content ‎ knowledge”， but “more about how to process information”. He describes this challenge of innovating as being able to “tell truths from untruths, connect seemingly different things, and create knowledge even as the context changes”．‎ This strategy aims to prepare today’s students for the demands of the next 20 years. It means that schools are under more pressure, and will be given more freedom, to come up with creative ways to teach students. So instead of the traditional images of highpressure Asian schools, with rows of heads buried in books, they are trying different approaches to learning.‎ To put this into practice, on a sunny April morning, 80 students from one of Singapore’s top schools were traveling outdoors. The nine to tenyearolds from Rosyth School were on a “learning journey” in a park, with science topics and values such as caring for the environment.‎ ‎“We are conducting a biopsy (活组织检查) to find out why a bee, a fish, a bird and a plant mysteriously died，” said student Darren Ong. “Is it because of human actions？”‎ They photographed “evidence” on smartphones and digital cameras, getting facts on plant and animal species on their iPads. “In one activity, I can cover three topics，” said science teacher Lin Lixun. “They can really learn through handson experience and putting things into action，” said moral education teacher, Joslyn Huang.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。新加坡的学校向来以优异的考试成绩在国际上闻名。但是，如今新加坡的学校不再仅仅满足于考试成绩的领先，他们开始推行一种旨在培养学生创造力的“全面教育”。‎ ‎8．According to the passage, what are Singapore’s schools famous for?‎ A．Test results.‎ B．Strict management.‎ C．Teaching quality.‎ D．The learning environment.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段第一句可知，新加坡的学校在国际考试中向来成绩优异，并因此成为全球学校学习的榜样，故A项正确。‎ ‎9．What does Singapore’s “holistic education” lay emphasis on?‎ A．Students’ moral behavior.‎ B．Students’ content knowledge.‎ C．Students’ creative ability.‎ D．Students’ handson experience.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第一段中的“encourages creativity”及第二段中的“less about content knowledge ... this challenge of innovating”可知，新加坡的“全面教育”强调的是对学生创造力的培养，故C项正确。‎ ‎10．The 80 students from Rosyth School conducted a biopsy to find out ________.‎ A．how to improve the environment B．how to protect animals and plants C．relationships between human behavior and climate change D．relationships between human actions and some anim‎ als and plants’ death 解析：选D　细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知，这些学生进行活组织检查的目的是找出一些动植物的死因与人类活动之间的关系。‎ ‎11．The author tells us about Singapore’s schools’ different ways of learning by ________.‎ A．giving examples　　 　B．making contrasts C．listing figures D．analyzing cause and effect 解析：选A　写作手法题。文章第三段提到，新加坡的学校打算尝试新的教学方式；接着第四、五段举了Rosyth School组织学生到户外学习的例子。由此可知，作者是通过举例的方式来说明新加坡在教育方面的新尝试。‎ D You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season. Sure, you’re not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all. Do you deserve a trophy (奖杯)?‎ If the decision is up to Carol Dweck, the answer would likely be no. She’s a psychology professor at Stanford University, California. She says a player doesn’t have to be the best to get a trophy. But those who receive an award should have to work for it. She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.‎ ‎“The trophy has to stand for something，” Dweck told TFK. “If we give a trophy to everyone, then the award has no value.” Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons, such as improving in a sport, teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best.‎ Others say that there’s no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport, regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved.‎ ‎“I think we should encourage kids’ participation in sports，” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City. “A trophy is one way to encourage kids’ efforts.”‎ Barish argues that when we single_out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything. “Winning is only part of the equation (等式)，” Barish told TFK. “Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise.”‎ There will be plenty of opportunities for kids to learn about competition as they get older, says Barish. They’ll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl. For now, he thinks there’s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。如果孩子参加体育比赛，那么是不是每个人都该得到奖杯呢？文章就这个问题给出了两种不同的看法。‎ ‎12．According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy?‎ A．Tony, the most attractive player of the soccer team.‎ B．David, a soccer player who is both clever and funny.‎ C．Peter, who is ready to help his partners to score goals.‎ D．Jim, a soccer player who tries his best to win the game.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck认为，获奖的运动员未必是最好的运动员。她认为，进步最大的、对团队精神贡献最多的和表现最佳的运动员都应获奖。Peter具有团队精神，故C项正确。‎ ‎13．Which of the following statements would Kenneth Barish agree with?‎ A．There is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone.‎ B．Kids fond of playing sports should be rewarded.‎ C．Kids should be given trophies for trying their best.‎ D．It is necessary to encourage kids’ participation in sports.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，纽约市威尔康乃尔医学院的心理学教授Kenneth Barish认为，我们应该鼓励孩子参加体育活动，颁发奖杯就是一种激励方式。‎ ‎14．The underlined phrase “single out” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”．‎ A．honour B．choose C．value D．stress 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第六段可知，Barish认为，当我们挑选出最佳球员或进步最大的球员并授予他们奖杯的时候，我们给孩子们传递了一个错误的信号：获胜就是一切。因此画线短语“single out”意为“挑出”。‎ ‎15．Which shows the correct structure of the text?‎ 解析：选B　篇章结构题。本文的第一段为导语，导入讨论的话题。第二、三段陈述了斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck的主要观点：反对人人获奖。下文(第四段至第七段)陈述的是纽约市威尔康乃尔医学院的心理学教授Kenneth Barish的观点，即赞成人人获奖。因此B项清晰地展示了本文的结构。‎