【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题动词主谓一致学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题动词主谓一致学案

‎2020届二轮复习语法专题动词主谓一致学案 ‎[思维导图]‎ 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。‎ 一、语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。‎ ‎1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。‎ Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.‎ 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。‎ Everything is in a complete mass，which drives people crazy.‎ 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。‎ ‎[名师指津] what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。‎ What he said is far from the truth.‎ 他的话与事实相差太远了。‎ What the school needs are qualified teachers.‎ 这个学校需要的是合格的老师。‎ ‎2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition ‎ to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。‎ The teacher as well as his students was very excited.‎ 老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。‎ I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.‎ 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。‎ ‎3．and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting－room.‎ 她的老师和朋友都在客厅。‎ The poet and writer has produced many works.‎ 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。‎ A knife and fork is used on the table in western countries.‎ 刀叉被用在西方国家的餐桌上。‎ ‎4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。‎ My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive.‎ 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。‎ ‎5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。‎ Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.‎ 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段相同的痛苦的过程。‎ Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.‎ 每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。‎ 二、意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。‎ ‎1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。‎ The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.‎ 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。‎ The class are doing experiment.‎ 全班学生都在做实验。‎ ‎2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。‎ About one third of the books are worth reading.‎ 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。‎ Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.‎ 昨天只做了60%的工作。‎ All of this is wonderful，but the best part of this film is the acting.‎ 所有这些都很精彩，但电影最精彩的部分是表演。‎ ‎3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.‎ 病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。‎ ‎4．a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity的数。quantities of后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。‎ A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.‎ ‎＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.‎ 大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。‎ ‎5．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ A number of students have gone for an outing.‎ 许多学生去远足了。‎ The number of the students is increasing year after year.‎ 学生的数量逐年增加。‎ ‎6．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。‎ Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.‎ 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。‎ ‎7．以－s/－ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Bad news travels quickly.‎ ‎[谚]坏事传千里。‎ 三、就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。‎ ‎1．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)．..，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。‎ Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。‎ ‎2．由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ There are three books and a pen on the desk.‎ 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　is　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据全句可知，句子叙述的是一般的客观陈述的事实，故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的running regularly，是单数，故填is。]‎ ‎2．Fast food________(be)full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　is　[考查主谓一致。主语是fast food，是不可数名词，所以谓语用单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填is。]‎ ‎3．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow________(be)often acceptable.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　is　[考查主谓一致。Leaving the less important things until tomorrow作主语，所以谓语用单数，此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。]‎ ‎4．This cycle________(go)day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.(全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　goes　[考查主谓一致和时态。主语是this cycle，且此处表示目前的情况，所以用goes。]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Apart from the mental relief of people’s mind，another major aspect of Taoist influence on Chinese culture is (be) its influence on martial arts.(2019·镇海中学模拟)‎ ‎2．Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later sent a note to her，which said，“Please take good care of your eyes，my dear，because before they are yours，they were (be) mine！”(2019·杭州二中模拟)‎ ‎3．The design on the back shows (show) the yellow－eyed penguin，one of the world’s rarest penguins.(2019·绍兴模拟)‎ ‎4．In the pool，Bob，my instructor，demanded we do what he did.One of the drills was (be) to take our masks off at the bottom of the deep end，replace them，and clear them of water.(2019·嘉兴模拟)‎ ‎5．In my school days，I was a shy boy and never even thought of taking part in any public speaking events，school plays or stage contests，so acting was (be) a remote career choice then.(2019·台州模拟)‎ ‎6．Many psychologists today are (be) working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around.(2019·学军中学模拟)‎ ‎7．A report published on Dec.6 says this style of healthcare，which includes (include) different forms like herbal medicine and exercise，has spread to 183 countries and regions.(2019·衢州二中模拟)‎ ‎8．People in Suzhou，Jiangsu Province，are(be) accustomed to eating wontons in midwinter.(2019·湖州二模)‎ ‎9．There are (be)also many small universities with only a few hundred students.(2019·嘉兴一中模拟)‎ ‎10．White highlights all that is bad in human nature.It suggests (suggest) dishonesty and betrayal(背叛)．(2019·绍兴一中模拟)‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2019·丽水一模)People release balloons for special occasions like memorial services and grand openings.It is fun and exciting.But it really causes great destruction to the environment and threatens the 1.________ (life)of our wildlife.‎ When a balloon 2.________(fly) into the sky，it doesn’t end up 3.________(stay)there.It eventually bursts and returns to the earth as ugly litter.Balloons can even travel thousands of miles and pollute the most remote and pure places.More 4.________(sad)，they can present a threat to many animals.Birds，whales，turtles and other animals often mistake balloons 5.________food，which can do damage to them because balloons contain 6.________ (harm)chemicals.Balloons even kill animals.When an animal swallows a balloon，it can block its intestinal tract(肠道)resulting in starvation.‎ Part of the reason why releasing balloons 7.________ (permit)in so many places is that some balloons do break down eventually.However，it takes about four years 8.________(break) down completely.‎ Watching hundreds of balloons slowly going up into the sky might give you a five－second thrill，9.________ is it worth a bunch of dead animals and so many places full of rubbish? Absolutely not.10.________ we should do is to get creative and come up with alternative ways to celebrate.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　在纪念仪式和盛大的开幕式等特殊场合，人们放气球，虽然有趣令人兴奋，但会对环境造成很大的破坏，威胁野生动物的生命安全。‎ ‎1．lives　[考查名词的复数形式。life为可数名词，此处指野生动物的生命，因此用复数形式。]‎ ‎2．flies　[考查主谓一致。句子的主语balloon，谓语动词应用单数形式。]‎ ‎3．staying　[考查非谓语动词。end up doing sth以……告终。]‎ ‎4．sadly　[考查词性转换。此处作状语，故用副词形式。]‎ ‎5．for　[考查介词。mistake...for...把……误认为……。]‎ ‎6．harmful　[考查词性转换。修饰名词chemicals应用形容词形式。]‎ ‎7．is permitted　[考查被动语态。动名词短语releasing balloons作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且releasing balloons与permit为被动关系，故用被动语态。]‎ ‎8．to break　[考查非谓语动词。It takes some time to do sth花费多少时间做某事。]‎ ‎9．but　[考查连词。前后句为转折关系，故用but。 ]‎ ‎10．What　[考查名词性从句。主语从句中do后缺少宾语，指所做的事情，故填what。]‎