【英语】2019届二轮复习名词学案(4页word版)

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【英语】2019届二轮复习名词学案(4页word版)

‎2019届二轮复习 名词学案 名词Nouns 知识要点:‎ 一、名词的种类:‎ ‎ 1、专有名词:‎ ‎ 1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词)‎ ‎ 2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。)‎ ‎ 2、普通名词:‎ ‎ 1)不可数名词 ‎ ‎ 注意:不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 ‎ 如:have a wonderful time.‎ ‎ ‚不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎ ƒ不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形 式。‎ 如:fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……‎ ‎ | | | |‎ ‎ 各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪 ‎ „有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。如:times时代,works著作,difficulties困难 ‎ …在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。如:‎ ‎ a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….‎ ‎ 2)可数名词:‎ ‎ 可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词:A birdcaufly.‎ ‎ The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. ‎ ‎ Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.‎ ‎ ‚有复数形式:‎ ‎ a)规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略)‎ ‎ b)不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), ‎ ‎ woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),‎ ‎ phenomenon(phenomena)…‎ ‎ 注意:c)单、复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)……。如,‎ ‎ a sheep, two sheep ‎ d)只用复数形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…‎ ‎ e)形复实单:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means.‎ ‎ f)形单实复:people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等 ‎ g)集合名词如:family, public, group,‎ ‎ class等。当作为整体时,为单数;当作为整体中的各个成员时,为复数。如:‎ ‎ My family is a big one.‎ ‎ My family are music lovers.‎ ‎ h)复合名词变复数时,a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如:‎ ‎ sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹;step-son (s)继子;editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。‎ ‎ b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中间人 ‎ c)woman, man作定语时,要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如:a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors 二、名词的所有格:‎ ‎ 1、表有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格,一般在名词后加“’s”。如:Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…‎ ‎ 注意:1)名词复数的词尾是-s或-es,它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如:Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home(工人疗养院),the students’ reading-room ‎ 2)复合名词的所有格,在后面的词后加“’s”。如:her son-in-law’s photo(她女婿的照片);anybody else’s book(其他任何人的书)‎ ‎ 3)如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有,则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”; 如果不是共有,则每个词后都要加“’s”。如:Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有). Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机(不共有)‎ ‎ 4)表地点(店铺,某人的家等)的名词所有格后面,一般省去它所修饰的名词。如:‎ ‎ the tailor’s (裁缝铺) the doctor’s (诊所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)‎ ‎ 5)有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词,也可加“’s”表所有格。‎ ‎ 如:half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程)‎ ‎ China’s agriculture (中国的农业)‎ ‎ 2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组,表示所有格。如:the cover of the book ‎ 3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of,特别是名词较长,有较多的定语时。如:‎ ‎ the story of Dr Norman Bethune ‎ Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?‎ ‎ 4、“of词组+所有格”的用法:‎ ‎ 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如:a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)时,常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如:‎ ‎ a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。‎ ‎ some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明 ‎ those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本。‎ ‎【专项训练】:‎ ‎1、There are only twelve in the hospital.‎ ‎ A.woman doctors B.women doctors ‎ C.women doctor D.woman doctor ‎2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school.‎ ‎ A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws ‎ C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law ‎3、——How many does a cow have?‎ ‎ ——Four.‎ ‎ A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies ‎4、Some visited our school last Wednesday.‎ ‎ A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens ‎5、The of the building are covered with lots of .‎ ‎ A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs ‎6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing.‎ ‎ A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies ‎7、That was a fifty engine.‎ ‎ A.horse power B.horses power ‎ C.horse powers D.horses powers ‎8、My father often gives me .‎ ‎ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice ‎9、Mary broke a while she was washing up.‎ ‎ A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup tea ‎10、Can you give us some about the writer?‎ ‎ A.informations B.information ‎ C.piece of informations D.pieces information ‎11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning.‎ ‎ A.teas; bread B.teas; breads ‎ C.tea; breads D.tea; bread ‎12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than .‎ ‎ A.lights; sounds B.light; sound ‎ C.sound; light D.sounds; lights ‎13、She told him of all her and .‎ ‎ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear ‎ C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears ‎14、The rising did a lot of to the crops.‎ ‎ A.water; harm B.water; harms ‎ C.waters; harm D.waters; harms ‎15、——How far away is it from here to your school?‎ ‎ ——It’s about .‎ ‎ A.half an hour’s drive B.half hours drives ‎ C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive ‎16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s .‎ ‎ A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs’ Smith ‎ C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith’s ‎17、Miss Johnson is a friend of .‎ ‎ A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’‎ ‎ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s ‎18、Last week I called at my .‎ ‎ A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’‎ ‎19、The beach is a throw.‎ ‎ A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s ‎20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.‎ ‎ A.Peter’ B.Peter C.Peters D.Peters’‎ ‎【答案】:‎ ‎ 1、B 2、A ‎ 3、C stomach(胃)虽是“ch”结尾,但其发音为[k],所以加“s”,不用加“es”。‎ ‎ 4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式,直接加“s”。‎ ‎ 6、C 7、A 名词作定语一般不用复数。‎ ‎ 8、B ‎ 9、A 根据句意,打破的应是杯子,而不是茶;名词作定语表类别不用加“’s”。‎ ‎ 10、B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A ‎ 16、D 根据上句,此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。‎ ‎ 17、D 18、C 19、D a stone’s throw是固定短语,意为“近在咫尺”。‎ ‎ 20、B 此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格,本应用Peter’s,但因其在动词后作宾语,所以可用宾格,因此B为正确答案。‎
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