【英语】2020届二轮复习强调、倒装与主谓一致经典精讲练学案（上）

【英语】2020届二轮复习强调、倒装与主谓一致经典精讲练学案（上）

‎2020届二轮复习 强调、倒装与主谓一致经典精讲练学案（上）‎ 开篇语 ‎ 开心自测 开心自测讲解 题一：‎ ‎—It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!‎ ‎—I’m glad you like it. ‎ A. I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I 题二：‎ Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision. ‎ A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach ‎ 题三：‎ Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.‎ A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 题四：‎ Listening to loud music at rock concerts___ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have 题五：‎ Such poets as Shakespeare ______ widely read, of whose works, however, some ______ difficult to understand. ‎ A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is; are 主要考点梳理 强调句 按照考纲要求，考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调，近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用，考查复合句中的强调句式；按照考试大纲的要求，考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略。‎ 强调句句型 ‎ 陈述句的强调句型：It is / was ＋被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)＋ that / who(当强调主语且主语指人)＋其它部分。 ‎ It was on the party that he met one of his old friends. ‎ 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is / was提到it前面。 ‎ Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends? ‎ 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)＋is / was＋it＋that / who＋其它部分？ ‎ When and where was it that you were born?‎ I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.‎ 强调主语：‎ It was I (that / who) met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.‎ 强调宾语：‎ It was the film star—Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.‎ 强调地点状语：‎ It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star—Jackie Chan yesterday.‎ 强调时间状语：‎ It was yesterday that I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport.‎ 注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that和who不可省略；强调句中的时态通常用两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was...，其余的时态用It is... ‎ not...until...句型的强调句 ‎ 句型为：It is / was not until ＋被强调部分＋ that ＋其它部分 It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.‎ 注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till和until可通用。因为句型中It is / was not...已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。 ‎ 谓语动词的强调 ‎ It is / was...that...结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。‎ Do sit down.‎ He did write to you last week.‎ Do be careful when you cross the street.‎ 注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。‎ 倒装 倒装句的意义 适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。‎ May I come in?‎ Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927?‎ 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。‎ Never have I been late for school this term.‎ So early did he come to school that no other students came.‎ 全部倒装 ‎ Here, There, Now, Then, Thus位于句首。‎ Here comes the bus.‎ There goes the bell.‎ Now comes your turn.‎ Then came Susan.‎ Thus came the result.‎ Here it is.‎ Here you are.‎ There he came. ‎ Now she comes.‎ Up, Down, In, Out, Away等表示地点方位的介词位于句首。 ‎ Up climbed the boy.‎ Down sat the old man.‎ Out rushed the villagers.‎ Away ran the athletes. ‎ Away they ran.‎ On the table, Beside the river, In the temple位于句首。‎ On the table lies a book.‎ Beside the river stands a tower.‎ In the temple lived a monk.‎ Such位于句首，表示“这就是……”‎ Such is our chemistry teacher, a kind but strict one.‎ Such is Beijing No.80 High School, where we live and study.‎ Such is Ping Yali, a person with great determination.‎ Such is Zhaoyu, the chief engineer of Beijing Jeep Company.‎ 部分倒装 ‎ 否定词位于句首：Hardly, never, little, seldom, scarcely, neither, nor, not only, no sooner, by no means (决不), at no time…‎ No sooner had I entered the room than it began to rain.‎ At no time is smoking permitted in the school.‎ In no time we left the burning house.‎ Not only did he help the old man out of the icy water, but also he sent the old man to the nearest hospital in no time.‎ Not only do I like English, but I am fond of music as well, especially pop music.‎ Under no circumstances can we destroy our beautiful planet.‎ So, Such在句首，后带表语或状语，接着的主句进行部分倒装。‎ So fast did he run that we couldn’t catch up with him.‎ So good a boy is he that we all like him.‎ Such a good boy is he that we all like him.‎ So, Neither, Nor等词放在句首，表示主语与前面句子的主语情况相同时，用部分倒装。‎ ‎—I can swim.‎ ‎—So can Susan.‎ ‎—I can’t skate.‎ ‎—Neither/Nor can Tom.‎ ‎—It is cold today. ‎ ‎—So it is. ‎ ‎—Tom works hard.‎ ‎—So he does.‎ 题一：‎ Tom is a good student and never comes to school late._________.‎ A. So is Susan B. Neither does Susan C. Nor is Susan D. So it is with Susan Only放在句首，后面跟状语（词组或从句），句子进行部分倒装。‎ Only he knew it.‎ Only then did I realize the importance of English.‎ Only in this way can you learn English well.‎ Only when the war was over was he able to come back to his motherland.‎ Only in this way can we build/create a harmonious society.‎ Only in this way can we build/create a society in harmony.‎ 特殊倒装句式 ‎ Though引导的让步状语从句，将后面的表语或状语前置，此时用as代替though.‎ Though he is young, he knows a lot.‎ Although he is a child, he knows a lot.‎ Young as he is, he knows a lot.‎ Child as he is, he knows a lot.‎ Tired as we were, we felt happy, because we had an unforgettable experience today.‎ Much as I tried, I failed yesterday.‎ Try as I might, I failed yesterday.‎ 虚拟语气中用倒装代替if.‎ If I were you, I would go there.‎ Were I you, I would go there.‎ If I had worked hard, I would have passed the exam.‎ Had I worked hard, I would have passed the exam.‎ If it were to rain, I would not go there.‎ Were it to rain, I would not go there.‎ If it should rain, I would not go there.‎ Should it rain, I would not go there.‎ If I worked hard, I would reach my goal.‎ Worked I hard, I would reach my goal.‎ May位于句首表示祝愿.‎ May you be happy!/May you succeed!‎ God bless you!/Long live Chairman Mao!‎ Gone are the days when…‎ Gone are the days when we used the foreign oil.‎ Gone are the days when we did endless homework.‎ Not until…‎ ‎ I didn’t have supper until Mum came home.‎ ‎ Not until Mum came home did I have supper.‎ 主谓一致 英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致，这就叫做主谓一致。‎ 解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：‎ 语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。‎ either, neither, each, one, the other, another , anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one, nothing, nobody做主语时，谓语一般用单数。‎ Neither of the two sentences is correct.‎ Everything around us is matter.‎ 注意：none, neither, all, any作主语时，谓语可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意思。‎ None of them owns/own a car.‎ Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.‎ All are here. And all that can be done has been done.‎ 表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积”等度量的名词做主语时，谓语用单数。‎ Five minutes is enough.‎ Four hundred francs is a lot of money.‎ each …and each …every …and every ;no…and no ;many a …and many a …等结构由于强调个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。‎ Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary.‎ No sound and no voice is heard for a long time.‎ 从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。‎ To say something is one thing, to do it is another .（to say something, to do 是不定式）‎ ‎ “How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .（How do you do? 是句子，作主语）‎ 注意：what 引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。‎ What we need is more time, while what they need are more doctors and medicines.‎ one and a half 后面带名词的复数，谓语动词常用单数。‎ One and half bananas is left on the table.‎ 用and 连接的两个名词表示单一概念时谓语动词使用单数。‎ The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month.‎ Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.‎ 有些名词呈复数形式，但并不表示复数概念。‎ The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city.‎ 名词由and 或both …and 连接主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。‎ Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.‎ people , public , police , cattle 做主语时，谓语动词习惯上使用复数。‎ The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news.‎ 表示成双、成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词使用复数。‎ Your trousers are too long, but these shoes fit you quite well.‎ 但有a pair of 连接时，谓语动词使用单数。‎ A pair of gloves is a nice present for her.‎ 不可数名词作主语，但前面有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。‎ Three million tons of oil are exploited every year in the oil field.‎ 在or , either …or …, neither… nor… ,not only … but also … , not … but… , there be 等结构中，采取就近原则，即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近的主语的单复数。‎ Either the teacher or the students are to blame.‎ Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.‎ 下列结构用于引起一个附加的成分，谓语动词的形式应不受附加成分的影响而于前面的主语取得一致: as well as; rather than; like; except; besides; with; along with; including; such as.‎ No one but Jack and Mary knows about it .‎ I as well as they am ready to help you .‎ some of; plenty of; a lot of; most of; the rest of; all(of ); half (of );分数或百分之+of +名词做主语时，以名词的单复数为准。‎ A lot of students are waiting outside. And lots of the time has been wasted.‎ More than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water.‎ Ten percent of the apples are bad.‎ The rest of the story needs no telling.‎ He stayed at home and the rest of the boys were out at play.‎ 开心自测讲解 题一：C 题二：B 题三：B 题四：C 题五：A 倒装 题一：D