【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法部分专题三关注点课时第2讲情态动词和虚拟语气

【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法部分专题三关注点课时第2讲情态动词和虚拟语气

第2讲　情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词和虚拟语气在高考的语法填空和短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中却经常使用，恰当运用此语法能够成为得分的亮点，因此在二轮备考中考生对此语法也应做到足够重视。‎ 考点感悟 语法填空 语法填空中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不难，主要是一些常见的基本用法。‎ 感1.(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse. I ________ have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.‎ 答案：might/could　此处表示对过去情况“有可能”的推测。‎ ‎2.(2018·江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved.‎ 答案：had　根据语意语境可知wish在此表达现在的一个愿望，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用过去式。‎ ‎3.(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ 答案：had been put　根据语意及句中的would never have happened可知，if从句表示对过去情况的假设，故应用过去完成时。且主语system与put之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。‎ 悟1.wish后接虚拟句　如果表示对现在的虚拟，从句用一般过去时。如果表示对过去的虚拟从句，用过去完成时。‎ ‎2.虚拟语气的基本用法　对现在的虚拟if从句中动词用过去式，主句用might/could/should/would＋动词原形；对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might＋have done。‎ 短文改错 短文改错中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不多见，涉及时也是以基本用法为主。‎ 感1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：chose→choose　情态动词后应跟动词原形。‎ ‎2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I should available any time after school next week.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：should后加be　句子缺少系动词且在should后应用be。‎ ‎3.(2019·东北三校联盟)Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put into prison.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：were→be　insist作“坚持要求”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形，此处those与put之间为被动关系，故改为be put。‎ ‎4.(2015·四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them？‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：are→were　根据语意可知此处应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，be动词应用were。‎ 悟1.虚拟语气中be动词的选用　表示对现在的虚拟，be动词一般用were。‎ ‎2.insist “坚决要求”，suggest “建议”等后面接虚拟从句，谓语应为should do形式，should可省。‎ 考点素能 一 情态动词 ‎1.情态动词的基本用法 情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的实义动词或be动词一起构成谓语。‎ ‎(1)can/could的用法：‎ ‎①表示能力，意为“能，会”。‎ ‎②表示客观或理论上的可能性。‎ ‎③表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。‎ ‎(2)may/might的用法：‎ ‎①表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。‎ ‎②表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。‎ ‎(3)must的用法：‎ ‎①表示“必须”，语气强烈。‎ ‎②表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。‎ ‎③意为“偏要，非要……不可”。‎ ‎(4)shall的用法：‎ ‎①用于第一人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。‎ ‎②用于各种人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。‎ ‎(5)should/ought to的用法：‎ ‎①should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。‎ ‎②should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。‎ ‎③should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。‎ ‎2.“情态动词 ＋ have done”的用法 该结构主要用来表述过去的情况，包括对过去的推测、遗憾、责备等。‎ ‎(1)must have done “一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。‎ ‎(2)could have done “本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，‎ can't/couldn't have done “(过去)不可能做过某事”。‎ ‎(3)may/might have done “(过去)有可能做过某事”。‎ ‎(4)should/ought to have done “本该做某事而没做”。‎ ‎(5)needn't have done “本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。‎ 二 虚拟语气 ‎1.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用 ‎2.虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用 ‎(1)wish后面的宾语从句，表示一种不可能实现的愿望：‎ ‎①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式。‎ ‎②表示与过去事实相反，从句用had＋done。‎ ‎③表示与将来事实相反，从句用would/could/should/might＋动词原形。‎ ‎(2)would rather后面的宾语从句：‎ ‎①表示与现在或将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式。‎ ‎②表示与过去事实相反时，从句用had＋done。‎ ‎(3)表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句和同位语从句常用“‎ should＋动词原形”结构，should可省略。‎ ‎(4)定语从句：‎ It's (high/about) time (that) ... 句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形(其中should不可省略)，意为“确实到了……的时候了”。‎ ‎(5)as if引导的状语从句中：‎ ‎①表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式。‎ ‎②表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had＋done。‎ ‎③表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。‎ 过关检测(限时：30分钟)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1.It is required by law that a driving test ________ (take) before a man gets a license.‎ 答案：(should) be taken ‎2.I couldn't________ (go) through the hard times but for my teacher's generous and timely help.‎ 答案：have gone ‎3.I was ill that day, otherwise I would ________ (take) part in the sports meet.‎ 答案：have taken ‎4.The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we ________ (reflect) on ourselves.‎ 答案：reflected/should reflect ‎5.It has been accepted that all the students ________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.‎ 答案：shall ‎6.John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________ (come) tomorrow instead of today.‎ 答案：came ‎7.—Don't you think it is necessary that he ________ (not send) to the Bulls but to the Keats？‎ ‎—I agree, but the problem is that he refuses to.‎ 答案：(should) not be sent ‎8.—I promise Shirley ________ get a new iPad on her birthday.‎ ‎—Will it be a big surprise to her？‎ 答案：shall ‎9.I don't think you ________ give up the opportunity to go to university which you have been dreaming about.‎ 答案：should ‎10.________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.‎ 答案：Should Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.If I haven't seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：haven't→hadn't ‎2.We would rather our daughter stay at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：stay→stayed ‎3.We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：would→might/may ‎4.You need have studied that late last night. It was harmful to your health.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：need后面加not ‎5.Had it not been for my teacher's help, I won't have won the first place in the contest.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：won't→wouldn't ‎6.No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver will obey in our country.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：will→shall ‎7.Have I followed your advice, I wouldn't be in such an embarrassing situation now.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：Have→Had ‎8.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it's too bad. You must have made full preparations.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：must→should ‎9.Although you must find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：must→can ‎10.Should I have a word with you? It won't take long.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：Should→Can/May Ⅲ.语法填空 A recent study shows that most adults did household chores __1__ (active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, __2__ same study shows.‎ An expert said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time __3__ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped __4__ (do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”‎ Another study finds that compared with the kids __5__ didn't do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely __6__ (succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.‎ Personal happiness __7__ (say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and __8__ (help) to their parents at home.‎ If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they __9__ (deal) with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small __10__ (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.‎ ‎1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9.________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子都不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。‎ ‎1.actively　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。‎ ‎2.the　考查冠词。此处的“study”就是上文提到的那个“study”，故用定冠词the表示特指。‎ ‎3.on　考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配spend sth. on sth.可知，此处填介词on。‎ ‎4.doing　考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.。‎ ‎5.who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who或that。‎ ‎6.to succeed　考查非谓语动词。此处是be likely to do sth.句型，故填不定式。‎ ‎7.is said　考查动词的时态和语态。本句含有“be said＋动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为“Personal happiness”，因此填is said。‎ ‎8.helpful　考查词性转换。本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。‎ ‎9.dealt/should deal　考查虚拟语气。It's time (that) ...句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用过去式或“should＋do”，其中should不可以省略。‎ ‎10.messages　考查名词。message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Smog has covered large areas of Beijing recently, which has had much influence to our life. It's not convenience for us to go out due to the heavy smog. In order to take in less than poisonous air, whichever we go outside, we have to wear masks. Facing such a seriously problem, we should take some immediate measure to solve it. As for our government, some laws should be passed to ban factories from giving off poisonous waste. At same time, we are supposed not to drive to work but to ride our bicycles. Now I call on all people to take action against smog and protected our world from be polluted. Only in this way should we live in harmony with nature.‎ 答案：‎ Smog has covered large areas of Beijing recently, which has had much influence our life. It's not for us to go out due to the heavy smog. In order to take in less poisonous air, we go outside, we have to wear masks. Facing such a problem, we should take some immediate to solve it. As for our government, some laws should be passed to ban factories from giving off poisonous waste. At same time, we are supposed not to drive to work but to ride our bicycles. Now I call on all people to take action against smog and our world from polluted. Only in this way we live in harmony with nature.‎