【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词学案(10页)

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【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词学案(10页)

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 代词学案 高考对代词的考查主要涉及在给定的上下文中运用代词的能力,以及对不定代词和替代词的考查。命题主要出现在单项填空、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错等题型中,侧重于在具体语境中考查各种代词之间的区别。其考点主要包括:‎ ‎1.考查替代词的用法。常考的替代词有one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it等。‎ ‎2.考查不定代词的用法。常考的不定代词有any,some,all,none,other,another, every, nothing等。‎ ‎3.考查反身代词的用法。常考的反身代词有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves等。‎ ‎4.考查it的用法。it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法; it的实指用法; it的虚指用法,如:can help it, put it, catch it, come it, make it, see to it that等。‎ 一:both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法 ‎1.both,either,neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如:‎ Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。‎ Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。‎ Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。‎ ‎2.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能作定语用,但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。‎ All of the students are there.‎ All (of) the milk is there.‎ Every student in our school works hard.‎ 我们学校的学生都很用功。[来源:学.科.网]‎ Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.‎ 每个学生都可有一本电子词典。‎ 二:some和any的用法 ‎1.表示“一些”时,some常用于肯定句;any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如:‎ If you have any questions, please ask me.‎ ‎2.在疑问句中可用some,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如:‎ Would you like some coffee?‎ ‎3.some可接单数名词表示“某一个”;any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如:‎ I remember having read this article in some magazine.‎ Here are three novels.You may read any.‎ 三:复合不定代词的用法 由some,any,no,every加上body,one,thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。‎ ‎1.some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。如:‎ Somebody is waiting outside.‎ I have something for you.‎ She thinks she's something since she won the prize.‎ 获奖之后,她觉得自己了不起了。‎ ‎2.any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:‎ Does anybody else want to go?‎ There isn't anything in the box.‎ If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!‎ 有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:‎ Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.‎ You can take anything you like.‎ ‎3.no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如:‎ I know nothing about it.‎ There is nobody here.‎ ‎4.every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:‎ Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.‎ She does everything to help her mother.‎ Her son is everything to her.‎ 对她来说儿子就是一切。‎ 四:the other,other,another,others,the others的区别 the other/‎ other the other可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义 another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)”‎ others/‎ the others others只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others He is willing to help others/other people.‎ Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.‎ Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.‎ We need another five chairs/five more chairs.‎ 五:none,no one,nobody,nothing的区别 none 既可指人,也可指物;侧重数量,通常指三者或三者以上的人或物;后可接of短语;作主语时谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句 ‎—How much money do you have?‎ ‎—None.‎ no one/‎ nobody[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]‎ 只能指人;是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数 ‎—Who is in the room?‎ ‎—Nobody./No one.‎ nothing 只能指物,且表泛指概念;常用来回答由what引导的疑问句 ‎—What are you doing ‎ now?‎ ‎—Nothing.‎ 考点六:替代词的用法和区别 it 替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物 ‎—Have you found your pen?‎ ‎—No, I haven't found it.‎ one/ones one用来替代前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于a/an+单数名词。其复数形式为ones I think this book is better than the one I read last time.‎ These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.‎ that/‎ those that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词,是同类替代,但并非同一个,可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those,相当于the ones The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.‎ 考点七:it的用法 ‎1.it可用于无人称句,表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如:‎ It is getting warmer and warmer.‎ It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home.‎ It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school.‎ It's very quiet at the moment.‎ ‎2.it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如:‎ It's important for us to learn a second language.‎ We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.‎ ‎3.熟记下列有关it的固定句型 make it;get it;keep it up;see to it that;put it 考点一 all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析 例1.It's an eitheror situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.‎ A.others         B.either C.another D.both ‎【解析】选D 句意:这是一种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要么去度假,但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定,应用not ... both,故选D。‎ ‎【变式探究】I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.‎ A.either B.any C.each D.another ‎【解析】选A 句意:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市,根据转折词but可知,后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”,所以选A。‎ ‎【变式探究】Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.‎ A.some B.neither C.none D.all ‎【解析】选C 句意:虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病,但是她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知,此处表示“一点儿也不,一点儿也没有”,所以应用none。‎ 考点二 another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析 例2. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.‎ A.another B.the other C.one another D.one ‎【解析】选A 句意:回收是保护环境的一种方法;而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”;the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”;one another“相互”;one“一”。‎ ‎【变式探究】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.‎ A.that B.one C.ones D.those 考点三 it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析 例3. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.‎ A.one B.this C.that D.it ‎【解析】选C 句意:大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic,以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数;this通常指代下文要提到的事情;it指代上文出现的同一事物。‎ ‎【变式探究】At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.‎ A.them B.these C.those D.ones ‎【解析】选C 句意:我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用those表特指,替代前面出现的复数可数名词machines。注意题干中machines后有限制语described in this magazine,故不能用表泛指的ones,若选ones,则应在其前加上the。‎ ‎【变式探究】Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.‎ A.these B.some C.ones D.those ‎【解析】选D 句意:来自16个国家的受访人当中有一半人说,在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候,他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。‎ 考点四 复合不定代词的辨析 例4. ________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.‎ A.Anybody B.Everybody C.Nobody D.Somebody ‎【解析】选C 句意:没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好,除非他热爱它。根据句意可知,空处应用Nobody。‎ ‎【变式探究】 This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.‎ A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything ‎【解析】选A 句意:这个项目需要密切的合作,除非我们通力合作,否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语,故选A。‎ ‎1.(2017江苏)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A.which B.it’s C.whose D.whom ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎2.(2017·江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A. which B. its C. whose D. whom ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】分析句子结构可知,one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是定语从句,先行词是the World Food Programme,关系词在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C项。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。‎ ‎3. (2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A. which B. its C. whose D. whom ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C项。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。‎ ‎4.(2017·江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A.which B.it’s C.whose D.whom ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,68)On my recent visit,I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________(it)mother.‎ ‎【答案】its ‎ ‎【解析】句意:在我最近的一次参观中,可爱的三个月大的双胞胎中的一只被它的妈妈遗弃了。由后面的mother可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示所属关系。‎ ‎2.(2016·四川,68)By that time,the panda no longer needed ________(it)mother for food.‎ ‎【答案】 its ‎ ‎【解析】句意:到那时,这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。学网 ‎3.(2016·浙江,3)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.‎ ‎【答案】that ‎ ‎【解析】 句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education system,所以用that。‎ ‎1.(2015·浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?‎ ‎【解析】 句意:如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了,你会怎么想。固定表达how would you like it if...,在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。‎ ‎【答案】it ‎2.(2015·重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.‎ ‎【解析】句意:会议将在九月召开,但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but,表转折,故nobody没有人,符合句意。‎ ‎【答案】nobody ‎3.(2015·陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .‎ ‎【解析】句意:为了让自己暖和起来,这个水手坐在火堆旁,光着脚,用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个,另一个,用one...the other...。‎ ‎【答案】 other ‎4.(2015·四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.‎ ‎【解析】句意:Niki总是有很多想法,但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none,可指人也可指物。‎ ‎【答案】none ‎5.(2015·天津,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.‎ ‎【答案】that ‎6.(2015·福建,21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.‎ ‎【解析】句意:这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道,但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意,两者都不用neither。‎ ‎【答案】neither ‎1. (2014安徽卷)24.You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.‎ A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone ‎【考点】考察代词词义辨析 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题查看的是代词的词义辨析。One某一个人/物(指代可数名词单数,表示泛指);no one=nobody没有人;everyone每个人(强调全体);someone某个人。句义:你可以向任何一个人求助,这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。根据句义可知本句中的everyone强调所有人都愿意帮助你。故C正确。‎ ‎2.(2014江苏卷)34. Good families are much to all their members, but to none.‎ A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ‎【考点】考察代词词义辨析 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是代词词义辨析。Something某些事情,重要人物;anything任何事情,一些事情;everything一切;nothing没有东西;没有事情;无关紧要的东西;句意:优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多,但并不是一切。根据句意可知本句使用everything一切符合上下文含义。故C正确。‎ ‎3.(2014山东卷)4. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. ‎ ‎ A. that B. this C. it D. her ‎ ‎【考点】考察it用法 ‎【答案】C ‎ 4. (2014四川卷)1. She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ______ and moved to Cambridge.‎ A. both B. neither C. none D. either ‎【考点】考察代词词义辨析 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】both表示“两者都”(作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,也可以用作同位语);neither通常辨析两者之间的全部否定(相当于not either);none通常三者及以上的全部否定(有特定范围限制);either表示两者之一。句意:她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特都生活过,但她都不喜欢这两个地方,于是她搬去了剑桥。根据句义可知本句表示两者的全部否定。故B正确。‎ ‎5. (2014浙江卷 )3. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.‎ ‎ A. each B. it C. this D. one ‎【考点】考察代词辨析 ‎【答案】B ‎6. (2014重庆卷 )1.A smile costs ______ ,but gives much.‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎【考点】考察代词辨析 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是代词辨析。Anything任何事情;something某些事情,重要人物;nothing什么也没有,没有事情;everything所有的事情。句意:微笑不要我们花任何东西,但是却会给我们很多。本题中的关键词是but说明上下文之间是转折关系,所选之词要和后面的much表示相反的意思。故C正确。‎
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