【英语】2020届二轮复习 阅读理解之题型重组练（一）学案（浙江专用）

【英语】2020届二轮复习 阅读理解之题型重组练（一）学案（浙江专用）

题型重组练(一)‎ ‎ (建议用时：30分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·温州适应性测试)Don’t get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A UI(University‎ of ‎Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the longterm payoff of studying.‎ ‎“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager’s best interest to continue, he will still go on. That’s because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”‎ For parents, that means limiting distraction so teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma for example: At 9 p．m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “I’m not saying they shouldn’t be allowed to have access to technology，” Vaidya says. “But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)control skills.”‎ In their study, Vaidya and coauthor Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed. But the UI researchers wonder whether something more fundamental is going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higherlevel reasoning.‎ ‎“We wanted to try to understand how the brain’s reward system changes from childhood to adulthood，” says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decisionmaking. “We’ve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an underdeveloped frontal lobe，” he adds. For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.‎ In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological aspects of their results.‎ ‎1．What does the passage mainly tell us?‎ A．Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers.‎ B．Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.‎ C．Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.‎ D．The initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the longterm payoff of studying.‎ ‎2．Which statement agrees with Jatin Vaidya’s idea?‎ A．Children should have access to the Internet.‎ B．Children need help in refocusing their attention.‎ C．Parents should help children in making decisions.‎ D．The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.‎ ‎3．What result does teenagers’ brain underdevelopment lead to?‎ A．Making good decisions.‎ B．Escaping risky behavior.‎ C．Joining in dangerous actions.‎ D．Doing things after some thought.‎ ‎4．How did the researchers carry out their study?‎ A．By examining adults’ brain.‎ B．By examining teenagers’ brain.‎ C．By building the brain’s reward system.‎ D．By making a comparison of brain examinations.‎ B Stan Lee, cofounder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and cocreator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.‎ Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1922. As a son of workingclass Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby singlebedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name—Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U．S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70year marriage and had two children.‎ In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with superteam the Justice League of America.‎ To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comicbook superheroes included SpiderMan, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and ‎ the XMen.‎ Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized American comic books.‎ ‎5．What do we know about Lee from paragraph 2?‎ A．He served for the U．S. Army for two years.‎ B．He suffered from an unfortunate marriage.‎ C．He had a tough and struggling childhood.‎ D．He adopted his pen name at the age of 16.‎ ‎6．What was the company called when SpiderMan was created?‎ A．Timely Comics. B．Marvel Comics.‎ C．Atlas Comics. D．DC Comics.‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word“icon” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Statue. B．Agent.‎ C．Assistant. D．Symbol.‎ ‎8．What can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics B．The Development of Marvel Comics C．Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books D．The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics Ⅱ.完形填空 Being jobless for the last three months, I am upset nowadays. My son has lost his __1__ from a good school and he might have to go to less qualified school. I have moved from a spacious(宽敞的) apartment to a small one in order to __2__ my living expenses. My wife has built extra stress. On top of that, my fatherinlaw __3__ a week ago, which has added fuel to fire, __4__ our family into a more terrible state.‎ In these circumstances I have two mental __5__： either to feel upset and keep losing my peace of mind, or __6__ my negative thoughts with super mental powers about selfconfidence and consistency, and __7__ applying for new jobs with positive attitude.‎ I choose the second option because I believe that the pain I am __8__ today will build up my __9__. My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) __10__ man one day. I understand that good and bad stages are part of __11__. While good times make me happy, bad ‎ times __12__ the “inner” me.‎ Two months later, __13__， I have finally landed a job which is very exciting and offers a nice salary. Time has healed my wife’s mental stress __14__ the death of her father. My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still __15__！‎ As I am back on the track of normal life, I can __16__ say that the most important things that helped me __17__ the crisis(危机) were my consistent character of patience, and __18__ attitude towards life. So, while I wish you all the best life can __19__ you, I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life __20__ you are trapped in any of such situations.,1.A.admission　　　 B．benefit C．diploma D．permission ‎2．A.share　　B．reduce　　C．break　　D．raise ‎3．A.showed up B．set off C．fell down D．passed away ‎4．A.putting B．finding ‎ C．forming D．lifting ‎5．A.problems B．concerns C．choices D．activities ‎6．A.link B．replace C．mix D．exchange ‎7．A.regret B．stop ‎ C．keep D．risk ‎8．A.practicing B．suffering C．producing D．relieving ‎9．A.intelligence B．body C．character D．reputation ‎10．A.careful B．hardworking C．easygoing D．successful ‎11．A.life B．wealth ‎ C．time D．health ‎12．A.hide B．destroy C．strengthen D．kill ‎13．A.desperately B．unwillingly C．hopefully D．fortunately ‎14．A.regardless of B．due to C．instead of D．apart from ‎15．A.occupied B．empty C．open D．closed ‎16．A.disappointedly B．surprisedly C．deliberately D．confidently ‎17．A.fight B．meet ‎ C．change D．delay ‎18．A.general B．positive C．friendly D．honest ‎19．A.offer B．expect ‎ C．manage D．send ‎20．A.as if B．in that C．now that D．in case 题型重组练(一)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年对自己行为的即时影响和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力的。‎ ‎1．A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后两句“A UI(University of Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the longterm payoff of studying.”可知，本文主要介绍了Iowa大学的一项研究发现，即青少年对自己行为的即时影响或奖励比成年人要敏感得多，即奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力的。故选A。‎ ‎2．B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)control skills.”可知，Vaidya认为帮助孩子们集中注意力是必要的。故选B。‎ ‎3．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In their study, Vaidya and coauthor Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed.”可知，青少年大脑发育不完全可能会导致他们参与危险的行动。故选C。‎ ‎4．D　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员说服了40名青少年，年龄分别为13岁和16岁，以及40名成年人，‎ 年龄分别为20岁和35岁。由此可推知，研究人员是通过对比40名青少年和40名成年人的调查结果而展开研究的。故选D。‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了漫威创始人斯坦·李富于传奇色彩的一生。作为一名漫威创始人，他对美国的漫画进行革新，创造了许多超级英雄，荣获国家艺术奖章。‎ ‎5．C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As a son of workingclass Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby singlebedroom apartment.”可知，斯坦·李拥有一个艰辛的童年，故选C项。‎ ‎6．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics”可知，公司的名字按照时间顺序依次为Timely Comics→Atlas Comics→Marvel Comics，《神奇四侠》于1961年首次推出，而《蜘蛛侠》是之后创作的，所以创作《蜘蛛侠》时公司的名称应是漫威(Marvel Comics)。故选B项。‎ ‎7．D　解析：词义猜测题。最后一段介绍了斯坦·李的成就，作为漫威宇宙的创始人之一，斯坦·李可以算是美漫历史上最伟大的人物之一，没有他可能就没有现在的漫威世界，所以他可以被称为漫威宇宙的标志，由此可推知，icon意为“标志”，故选D项。‎ ‎8．A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了漫威创始人之一斯坦·李的传奇一生，他对美国漫画的影响力是令人瞩目的，他生前所创作的经典作品在世界上都可以称作顶级的文化品牌，所以他被称为漫威之父。godfather意为“开拓者；发起者；创始人”，故选A项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要通过讲述作者成功应对困境的故事启迪读者要一直保持积极的生活态度。‎ ‎1．A　解析：根据该句中的“he might have to go to a less qualified school”可推知，作者的儿子失去了进入好学校的资格，与下文中的“My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still ______！”呼应。‎ ‎2．B　解析：根据上文可知，作者失业三个月，为了缩减生活开支作者从宽敞的公寓搬到了较小的公寓。‎ ‎3．D　解析：根据下文“Time has healed my wife’s mental stress ______ the death of her father.”可知，作者妻子的父亲过世了。pass away“去世”。‎ ‎4．A　解析：根据语境可知，作者的岳父一周前去世了，这使作者一家处于更糟糕的状态，put“使处于(某状态或情况)”符合语境。‎ ‎5．C　解析：根据空后的“either to feel upset...or ______ my negative thoughts”可推知，作者面对这种困境，有两种选择，与下文中的“I choose the second option”呼应。‎ ‎6．B　解析：固定搭配replace...with...意为“用……替代……”，与空前的“keep”形成对比，故选B。‎ ‎7．C　解析：根据下文中的“I have finally landed a job”可推知，作者也可以保持积极的态度，继续申请新的工作。keep“继续”。‎ ‎8．B　解析：根据语境可知，作者选择以积极的态度继续申请新的工作，因为作者相信他现在遭受的痛苦将加强他的品格(character)。‎ ‎9．C ‎10．D　解析：根据上文作者失去工作，儿子不能进入好的学校，岳父去世等一堆糟心的事，并结合该句“My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) ______ man one day.”可推知，作者相信自己有一天会成功。‎ ‎11．A　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，作者明白好和坏都是生活的一部分，与下文中的“As I am back on the track of normal life”呼应。‎ ‎12．C　解析：根据该段第一句并结合语境可推知，艰难的时光会让作者韬光养晦，积蓄力量。‎ ‎13．D　解析：根据语境可知，两个月后，作者幸运地找到了一份称心的工作。‎ ‎14．B　解析：根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，前果后因。due to“由于”符合语境。‎ ‎15．C　解析：根据语境可知，新学年入学申请依然开放，因此作者的儿子被另一所好学校录取。‎ ‎16．D　解析：根据上文中的“My strengths will then increase my confidence”可推知，在生活恢复正常的情况下，作者信心满满。‎ ‎17．A　解析：根据上文可知，作者战胜了困境，渡过了危机，生活重新步入正轨。‎ ‎18．B　解析：根据上文中的“applying for new jobs with positive attitude”并结合语境可推知，作者始终如一的坚毅性格和积极的生活态度帮助作者渡过了生活中的危机。‎ ‎19．A　解析：根据语境可知，作者祝愿人们万事如意。offer“给予”符合语境。‎ ‎20．D　解析：根据语境可知，作者极力建议人们如果陷入像这样的境地，也以相同的态度面对生活。in case“如果，假使”。‎