【英语】2018届语法二轮复习动词时态和语态学案（17页）

【英语】2018届语法二轮复习动词时态和语态学案（17页）

‎2018届语法二轮复习 动词时态和语态 真题搜索 单句改错 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ) It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside.‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ) Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.‎ ‎4．(2016·四川) Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning.‎ ‎5．(2015·新课标Ⅰ) When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.‎ ‎6．(2015·新课标Ⅰ) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.‎ ‎7．(2015·新课标Ⅱ) Tony was scared and begun to cry.‎ ‎8．(2015·陕西) My mum makes the best biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic steps of baking.‎ ‎9．(2015·四川)As I tell you last time，I made three new friends here.‎ ‎10．(2014·新课标Ⅰ)．..for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.‎ ‎11．(2014·广西) The understanding between two friends means both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other.‎ ‎12．(2014·浙江) I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people.‎ ‎13．(2014·浙江) Before long，a train inspector comes to check our tickets. A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket...‎ ‎14．(2014·辽宁) This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.‎ ‎15．(2014·陕西) My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven...My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．using →used句意：每天他都确保用于烹饪的是新鲜的蔬菜和高质量的油。此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来做”。‎ ‎2．had → have句意：……有些人甚至要在外面等。此处是在介绍现在的情况，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎3．thought → think句意：……我认为这是一个好主意。根据前句中的suggest可知，本句应用一般现在时。‎ ‎4．get → got句意：……我们那天早上起得早。根据上句中的planned可知，事情发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．think → thought句意：……我原认为在那儿将会很快乐。根据上下文可知，此处指过去的想法，该用过去时。‎ ‎6．去掉been句意：许多研究表明，全球变暖已经成为了一个非常严重的问题。分析句意可知，studies与show之间为主动关系，不需要用被动语态。‎ ‎7．begun → began句意：托尼害怕了，开始哭了起来。begin是不及物动词，没有被动语态，不能与scared并列，而是与was并列，因此须用过去式。‎ ‎8．decide → decided句意：我母亲做的饼干是世界上最好吃的，因此我决定向她求助……。根据文意及下文的时态可知，此文记述过去发生的事情，须用过去时。‎ ‎9．tell → told句意：正如我上次告诉你的那样，我在这里交上了三位新朋友。根据时间状语last time可知，此句需要用一般过去时。‎ ‎10．had → have句意：……这些年来，我们一直允许圣女果在适合它们生长的地方自我繁衍。本句的时间状语是all these years，根据文意可知，指现在还一直在进行的事情，须用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎11．trusting→trust句意：朋友间的相互理解就意味着两个人都要有相似的观点并相互信任。根据句意分析可知，本句的宾语从句中有两个并列谓语。‎ ‎12．去掉had句意：……我注意到车厢里很吵闹，挤满了人。由前句可知叙述的是过去发生的一件事情，而不是过去的过去的事情，不需要使用过去完成时。‎ ‎13．comes → came句意：不久，列车员过来检票了……由下句可知讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。‎ ‎14．starts → started句意：今天早晨，她甚至五点之前就开始叫起来了。本句叙述的是今天早晨发生的事情，为过去所发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎15．come → came句意：……我的叔叔们带着狩猎的弓箭一起来了。由上文“When I was seven”可知讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，62) So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research. I ________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，62) Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.‎ ‎3．(2016·四川，61) The giant panda ________(love) by people throughout the world.‎ ‎4．(2016·四川，69) Then，after two and a half years，the mother ________ (drive) the young panda away.‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江，5) While online shopping ________ (change) our life，not all of its effects have been positive.‎ ‎6．(2016·浙江，9) Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.‎ ‎7．(2016·北京，21) Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.‎ ‎8．(2016·北京，23) —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎—The new Star Wars. We ________(wait) here for more than two hours.‎ ‎9．(2016·北京，25) I ________ (read) half of the English novel，and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.‎ ‎10．(2016·北京，30) The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.‎ ‎11．(2016·天津，3) When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________ (see) for years.‎ ‎12．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，61) It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care.‎ ‎13．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，68) This cycle ________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消)for the outside temperatures.‎ ‎14．(2015·北京，30) —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.‎ ‎—All right. I________ (call) him later.‎ ‎15．(2015·北京，22) — Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎—Yes，we ________ (treat) well by our hosts.‎ ‎16．(2015·北京，27) —Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?‎ ‎—Not really. She ________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.‎ ‎17．(2015·福建，26) To my delight，I________ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ ‎18．(2015·湖南，22) As you go through this book，you ______ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.‎ ‎19．(2015·湖南，25) I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________ (ask)，“What do you wish me to do now？”‎ ‎20．(2015·安徽，22) If you come to visit China，you ________ (experience) a culture of amazing depth and variety.‎ ‎21．(2015·安徽，24) Just as I got to the school gate，I realised I ________ (leave) my book in the cafe.‎ ‎22．(2015·安徽，29) It is reported that a space station ______(build)on the moon in years to come.‎ ‎23．(2015·四川，4) More expressways ________(build)in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.‎ ‎24．(2015·陕西，22) Marty ________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.‎ ‎25．(2015·天津，6) Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ________ (teach) a class at that time.‎ ‎26．(2015·天津，9) Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________ (reach) so far by the two sides.‎ ‎27．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，61) In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio. It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.‎ ‎28．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，45)．..So I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.‎ ‎29．(2014·广西，22) Unless some extra money ________ (find)，the theatre will close.‎ ‎30．(2014·山东，5) They made up their minds that they ________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.‎ ‎31．(2014·四川，9) She ________ (phone) someone，so I nodded to her and went away.‎ ‎32．(2014·北京，31) —What time is it?‎ ‎—I have no idea. But just a minute，I________ (check) it for you.‎ ‎33．(2014·重庆，8) James has just arrived，but I didn't know he ________ (come) until yesterday.‎ ‎34．(2014·陕西，22) During his stay in Xi'an，Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends________ (recommend)．‎ ‎35．(2014·福建，23) —Haven't seen you for ages！Where have you been?‎ ‎—I went to Ningxia and________ (stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.‎ ‎36．(2014·安徽，23) The twins，who ________ (finish) their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground.‎ ‎37．(2013·安徽，24) I'm calling about the apartment you ________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?‎ ‎38．(2013·陕西，11) On Monday mornings it usually________ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．was allowed句意：……在这个占地六百英亩的中心，我被允许靠近这些可爱的动物。由语境可知作者被允许接近这些动物，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎2．be made句意：真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。make和chopsticks之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，空格前有might，所以用be made。‎ ‎3．is loved句意：大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语the giant panda和动词love构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．drove句意：然后，两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．has changed句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。主语是online shopping，结合语境以及后面的have been可知，这里要用现在完成时。‎ ‎6．had become句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。by about 100 BC是时间状语，这里强调到公元前100年为止，所以要用过去完成时。‎ ‎7．was working句意：杰克正在实验室里工作的时候突然停电了。本句使用了be doing sth. when...句式，表示“正在做某事，突然……”，此时主句用过去进行时，分句用一般过去时。‎ ‎8．have been waiting句意：——对不起，你们在等什么电影？——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。根据时间状语判断，语境表示在过去很长时间里一直在做某事，并且还将继续，此时应用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎9．have read句意：这本英语小说我已经读了一半，这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示“已经读了一半”，应该用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。‎ ‎10．will be rewarded句意：这些学生一直在 努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会以成功作为回报。由语境可知，学生的努力会得到回报是将来的动作，故用一般将来时；reward和their efforts之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎11．hadn't seen句意：在街上散步时，我偶遇了大卫。我已经很多年没见过他了。“我很多年没见过他”发生在came across之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。‎ ‎12．arrived句意：黄昏前我到达阳朔时正下着小雨，但是我不在意。由主句 “It was raining.” 可知这里应用一般过去时。‎ ‎13．goes句意：这个循环日复一日的进行……主语this cycle为单数形式；结合时间状语day after day可知，表示经常发生的情况，须用一般现在时，故填goes。‎ ‎14．will call句意：——杰克逊医生现在不在办公室。——好的。我一会儿打给他。根据发话者的is not...at the moment及答语中的later可知，在这种情况下，答话者将晚点打电话给他，用一般将来时态。‎ ‎15．were treated句意：——你喜欢那个派对吗？——喜欢，我们受到了主人热情的款待。根据上一句的时态可知，这里使用一般过去时态；we和treat之间是被动关系，所以这里使用被动语态。结合起来这里用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎16．had given句意：——你们找到安的家费了很大力气吗？——没有。她给了我们清楚的指示，所以我们很容易就找到了。因为找到安的家发生在过去，所以安给出指示应该发生在过去的过去，所以这里使用过去完成时态。‎ ‎17．was chosen句意：令我高兴的是，在成百上千的申请者中我被选中参加开幕式。主语和谓语是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，而且发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎18．will find句意：当你浏览这本书的时候，你会发现那些经历过二战的几百万人中，每一个人都有不同的经历。时间状语从句使用的是一般现在时态，所以主句使用一般将来时。‎ ‎19．asked句意：当我问“你希望我现在做什么？” 的时候我掩饰不住自己的渴望。因为主句使用的是一般过去时态，所以when引导的从句使用一般过去时。‎ ‎20．will experience句意：如果你来中国参观，你就会体验有着惊人深度且多元化的文化。因为if条件句使用的是一般现在时态，所以主句使用一般将来时。‎ ‎21．had left句意：当我到达学校门口的时候，我才意识到我把我的书落在了咖啡馆里。由句意可知我“到达校门口”发生在过去，“丢书”在这个动作在前，所以这里使用过去完成时。‎ ‎22．will be built句意：据报道，在未来的几年里，月球上将会建起一个太空站。根据时间状语in years to come可知，本句使用一般将来时，又因为space station与build之间是被动关系，所以这里使用被动语态。结合起来，这里使用一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎23．will be built句意：为了促进当地经济发展，更多的高速公路将很快在四川建造。根据时间状语soon及expressways与build之间的被动关系可知应用will be built，即一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎24．has been working句意：马蒂一直非常卖力地在写他的书，并且他觉得到星期五他就会写完了。现在完成进行时态表示发生在过去的动作持续到现在并没有结束，将一直持续下去。‎ ‎25．will be teaching句意：琼不能出席今天下午3点的会议了，因为在那个时间她正在上课。at that time提示此处表示将来的某个时间点将正在发生的动作。‎ ‎26．has been reached句意：尽管先前进行了几轮的谈判，但是迄今为止，两边还没有达成任何协议。考查现在完成时态，提示词为so far，由agreement可知用单数形式。‎ ‎27．was句意：在1969年，俄亥俄州克利夫兰市附近的凯霍加河沿岸污染严重，难以想象它能够被清理干净。根据前一句的in 1969及本句中从句的时态判断，本句应用一般过去时。‎ ‎28．caught句意：……我能很好地看到人行道，一个骑自行车的男孩子吸引了我的注意。他在公交车旁边骑行并挥舞着手臂。所填的词是句子的谓语，根据上下文时态可知，catch my attention发生在过去，故填caught。‎ ‎29．is found句意：如果找不到额外的资金，这家剧院就会关闭。主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来；money与find是被动关系，故填is found，构成一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎30．would buy句意：他们决定一旦拉里换工作，就购置新房。由主句时态判断，buy是在过去某个时间看来将要发生的，故填would buy。‎ ‎31．was phoning句意：她正在给人打电话，所以我冲她点了点头就走开了。根据从句判断，phone是过去某时正在发生的动作，故填was phoning。‎ ‎32．will check句意：——几点了？—— 我也不知道。等一下，我帮你看一下。根据语境可知，check是临时打算要做的动作，故用will do，表示将来。‎ ‎33．was coming句意：詹姆斯刚刚到，但是直到昨天我才知道他要来。结合语境可知，我过去不知道他要来，表示“过去将要……”，故填was coming。‎ ‎34．had recommended句意：在西安逗留期间，杰瑞几乎品尝了他的朋友推荐的所有的地方名吃。结合句意可知，“推荐”发生在“品尝”之前，因此用过去完成时。‎ ‎35．stayed句意：—— 好几年没见你了！你去哪儿了？—— 我去了宁夏，在那儿待了一年，作为一名志愿者在那里教学。根据句意，在宁夏待了一年是发生在过去的事情，故应填stayed。‎ ‎36．had finished句意：那对双胞胎已完成家庭作业，他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。结合句意可知finish动作在were allowed前发生，表示“过去的过去”，故填had finished。‎ ‎37．advertised句意：我打电话咨询一下你们前几天在广告中介绍的那座房子，你能不能给我详细介绍一下？由句中的时间状语the other day可知，这里要用一般过去时。‎ ‎38．takes句意：虽然实际距离只有20英里，但是在每周一的早上我开车去上班通常会花费一个小时。根据句子中的时间状语on Monday mornings和副词usually暗示可知，应该用一般现在时，强调动作的反复性。‎ 解题指导 ‎1．解决时态类考题时，首先要判断所需成分是句子的谓语动词，因为只有句子才有时态，而句子的时态是通过谓语动词的不同形式来体现的。如通过过去式，have done，be doing，will do等来分别表明过去时、完成时、将来时等。‎ ‎ (2015·浙江) My old classroom was interesting...The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.‎ ‎ (2014·山东，1) Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we ________ (expect)．‎ ‎【解析】is → was句意：……从教室后面看，景色也很好。根据文章内容可知，叙述过去的事情，须用过去时。‎ ‎ 【解析】had expected句意：用手写所有请柬要比我们所预料的更耗费时间。根据句子结构可判断出，要填的词是than引导的比较状语从句的谓语动词，再根据was及“我们预料”确定，expect是过去的过去发生的动作，所以填had expected，构成过去完成时。‎ ‎2．确定属于句子的谓语动词之后，再通过在题干中寻找时间状语，观察上下文提供的语境，以及前后时态的呼应等来判断使用正确的时态，从而正确填写或改正句中的时态。解题的关键在于瞻前顾后，准确捕捉与时间相关的信息。‎ ‎ (2015·北京，26) In the last few years，China ________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.‎ ‎ (2015·福建，30) —Where is Peter？I can't find him anywhere.‎ ‎—He went to the library after breakfast and________ (write) his essay there ever since.‎ ‎【解析】has made句意：最近一些年，中国在环保方面取得了很大的成就。根据时间状语In the last few years可知，这里使用现在完成时态。‎ ‎【解析】has been writing句意：—— 彼得去哪里了？我到处都找不到他。——早餐后他去图书馆了，自从那时他一直在写论文。由ever since可知用现在完成时态，而且动作一直持续，所以用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎3．被动语态类考题的解题关键在于判断句子的主语与谓语动词之间是否是被动关系，但是被动语态的考查总是与句子时态一起，即确定是被动语态之后，还要通过相关的时间状语判断出是哪一种时态的被动语态，这样才能确保填写准确的答案或改正相应的错误。‎ ‎ (2014·辽宁，66) Tai Chi ________ (call) “shadow boxing” in English.‎ ‎ (2014·广东，18) We ________ (tell) that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week...‎ ‎【解析】is called句意：太极在英文中被称为“shadow boxing”。所填词是句子的谓语，和句子的主语Tai Chi 是被动关系，表示“……被称为”意义；句子说的是事实，应用一般现在时，故填is called。‎ ‎【解析】were told句意：我们被告知我们预订的房间不是那一周的……所填词是句子的谓语，和句子的主语we是被动关系，表示“我们被告知”；由从句时态判断出动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were told。‎ 语法回顾 常考的各种时态的主动和被动形式 时态种类 主动形式 被动形式 一般现在时 do/does is/am/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall be done 过去将来时 would do would be done 现在进行时 is/am/are doing is/am/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 现在完成进行时 has/have been doing has/have been being done 将来进行时 will be doing will be being done ‎ 一般现在时 ‎(1) 表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作，通常用usually，often，always，sometimes，every day，once a week等作时间状语。‎ ‎ I usually have my hair cut once a month.‎ The students often do their experiments in the lab.‎ ‎(2) 表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。‎ ‎ The earth moves around the sun.‎ A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.‎ ‎(3) 表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。‎ ‎ The train leaves at 2：35 this afternoon.‎ ‎(4) 在主句是一般将来时的时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替将来时。‎ ‎ You will succeed if you try your best.‎ Even if it rains tomorrow，the football match will take place.‎ ‎ 现在进行时 ‎(1) 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎ Our friends are waiting for us outside now.‎ ‎(2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。‎ ‎ She is learning English at college.‎ ‎(3) 某些短暂性动词，如come，go，start，open，close，arrive，return，begin，leave等用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。‎ ‎ My father is coming to see me this Saturday.‎ He is leaving for Beijing next week.‎ ‎(4) 某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。‎ ‎ I'm forgetting English.‎ She is losing her eyesight.‎ 表示存在、拥有、认知、情感等的动词一般不用于进行时态，常见的有keep，stay，remain，consist of，contain，have，belong to，possess，own，hold，sound，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，feel，see，hear，understand，know，suppose，remember，admit，forget，believe，think，like，love，hate，prefer等。‎ ‎ 现在完成时 ‎(1) 表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，once，before，yet，just等作时间状语。‎ ‎ He hasn't heard any news from his son lately.‎ Have you ever been to London?‎ ‎(2) 表示开始于过去某一时刻，一直持续到现在而且还有可能继续下去的动作。常用so far，up till now，since，for a long time，in the past/last few years，these ‎ days等作时间状语。‎ ‎ So far no life has been found outside the earth.‎ He has learned 5，000 English words since he went to college.‎ ‎(3)“This/It is＋the ＋序数词＋time ＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。‎ ‎ This is the second time that I have visited the university.‎ ‎ 现在完成进行时 ‎(1) 表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且还会继续进行下去的动作。‎ ‎ I am very tired.I have been painting the house all the afternoon.‎ ‎(2) 表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。‎ ‎ I have been calling him several times this morning，but there is no answer.‎ 现在完成进行时与现在完成时 现在完成进行时强调“动作”的持续性，表示“未完成”的含义；现在完成时则强调“时间”的经过或动作产生的“结果”，表示“已完成”的含义。‎ ‎ 一般过去时 ‎(1) 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。‎ ‎ It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday.‎ He came to work here two weeks ago.‎ ‎(2) 在时间、条件从句中代替过去将来时。‎ ‎ He said he would not go if it rained.‎ ‎(3) 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know，think，expect等，表示“本来认为”。‎ ‎ I didn't expect to meet you here.‎ I thought he had heard the news.‎ 一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，不强调对现在产生的影响，常与确定的过去时间状语连用；而现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或一直持续到现在，不和确定的过去时间状语连用。‎ ‎ 过去完成时 ‎(1) 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。‎ ‎ By the end of last term，we had learned 2，000 words.‎ He had left before I got home.‎ ‎(2) hope，expect，think，intend，want，suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本……”。‎ ‎ We had expected that you would be able to win the match.‎ ‎(3)“It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎ It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.‎ ‎(4) “hardly/scarcely...when...”和“no sooner...than...”结构中，主句用过去完成时。‎ ‎ Hardly had the game started when it started to rain.‎ ‎ 过去进行时 ‎(1) 表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。‎ ‎ She was writing a book about China last year，but I don't know whether she has finished it.‎ ‎(2) 表示过去一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。‎ ‎ It was raining as the medical team made its way to the front.‎ He was watching TV in the living room when someone knocked at the door.‎ ‎(3) 短暂性动词come，go，leave，arrive，begin等用于过去进行时，‎ 表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作。‎ ‎ They were coming to attend the meeting a few days later.‎ ‎ 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。‎ ‎(1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示将来，往往指客观上势必要发生的事情或没有计划，临时做出的打算。shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。‎ ‎ When will you be able to give us a reply?‎ We shall have a lot of rain next month.‎ ‎—Where is the telephone book?‎ ‎—I'll go and get it for you.‎ ‎(2) be going to do形式表示将来，一般指按计划、打算要做某事，或有迹象要出现的情况。‎ ‎ I am going to buy a computer this summer.‎ It is going to be fine tomorrow.‎ ‎(3) be to do表示将来，一般指按计划或安排要做某事，或按职责、义务和要求必须去做某事。‎ ‎ She is to get married next week.‎ I am to buy some books this afternoon.‎ ‎(4) be about to do 表示将来，多指不久或即将要发生的动作，不强调主观，不能与表示具体时间的状语连用。‎ ‎ The train is about to leave.‎ ‎ 过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作作参照。‎ ‎ He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.‎ She was about to open the door when the telephone rang.‎ ‎ 将来进行时 将来进行时用will/shall be doing形式表达，‎ 表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。‎ ‎ Please don't come at ten tomorrow morning.I will be having a meeting.‎ What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?‎ ‎ 使用被动语态的情况 ‎(1) 不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。‎ ‎ The young man was injured in the car accident.‎ ‎(2) 需要强调动作的承受者时。‎ ‎ Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.‎ ‎(3) 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时。‎ ‎ Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.‎ ‎(4) 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。‎ ‎ The windows were broken by strong wind.‎ ‎(5)有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现。‎ ‎ I am determined to take medicine.‎ ‎ 主动语态与被动语态的转化 ‎(1)最基本的变化是将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，主动句的谓语变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”形式，主动句中的主语变为by结构，有时可省略。‎ ‎ We will discuss the plan tomorrow.→The plan will be discussed tomorrow(by us)．‎ ‎(2)谓语动词有两个宾语，变成被动语态时，通常将指人的间接宾语转化成主语，有时也可将指物的直接宾语转化成主语。‎ ‎ The mother gave the child some money. → The child was given some money (by the mother)．或Some money was given to the child (by the mother). ‎ 用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to，for等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。‎ They awarded him the Nobel Prize.→The Nobel Prize was awarded to him.‎ ‎(3) 谓语动词后跟复合宾语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，‎ 宾语补足语不变化，但相应成为主语补足语。‎ ‎ They painted the house white.→The house was painted white (by them)．‎ ‎(4) 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，谓语动词改为be done结构，宾语从句保持不变。‎ ‎ They said that he had gone abroad to study English.→It was said that he had gone abroad to study English.‎ ‎ 没有被动语态的动词 不及物动词，一些表示状态及拥有的及物动词，以及have，get，owe，belong to，cost等动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。‎ ‎ This hall can hold 500 people.‎ The house belongs to my uncle.‎ His careless driving cost him his life.‎