【英语】2020届二轮复习写作翻译提优专题学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习写作翻译提优专题学案

高中英语写作翻译提优专题（详细讲解+优秀范文）‎ 范文讲解一：‎ 中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称。‎ ‎　　句1：中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。‎ ‎　　思路点拨：“…是…”结构的句子可以翻译成使用be动词的主系表结构本句中虽然给出的时“有关…”，但仔细揣摩其意思应该是“在…方面”，故译为in the aspect of.‎ ‎　　Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of Chinese culture in the aspect of cooking and leisure.‎ ‎　　句2：中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。‎ ‎　　思路点拨：本句的主语是三个并列的偏正短语，如果按照原有的语序翻译成英文。则主语太长，不符合英语的表达习惯。因此，本句翻译时应该将主语和宾语互换，同时将“孕育了”意译为owe…to…(将…归因于，将…归功于)，三个并列的短语作介词to的宾语。‎ ‎　　This unique art owes itself to the long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition of China.‎ ‎　　句3：中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。‎ ‎　　思路点拨：本句中“以…而著称”用be famous for来表示;“形”不是“形状”，而是“外观”，应译为appearance; “俱全”译为perfect combination of.‎ ‎　　Chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”.‎ ‎　　句4：它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。‎ ‎　　思路点拨：本句中“讲究”即是“注重”，故译为gives emphasis to; “质地”不是“质量”，不可译为quality, 应译为texture. “佐料的调制”、“切菜的刀功”、“适时的烹调”和“装盘艺术”依次译为the blending of seasonings、slicing techniques、the perfect timing of cooking和the art of laying out the food on the plate.‎ ‎　　It gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate.‎ ‎　　句5：最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称。‎ ‎　　思路点拨：本句可用介词Among置于句首的倒装句型，表示众多最负盛名的菜系“有…”;后半句是对前半句内容的补充说明，可以用过去分词短语noted as…(以…著称)‎ 这种非谓语动词来取消句子的独立性，同时也增　　加了句子的节奏感。“菜系”即是“派别”，用school较为合适，不可以译为其他词汇。原文中虽没有“味道”二字，但稍微注意一下便可得知“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”说的就是“味道”，所以翻译时应把“味道”(flavor)翻　译出来。‎ Among the best-known schools of cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west, noted as “the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west”‎ 范文讲解二：‎ 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术之一。中国剪纸有一千五百年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties )特别流行，人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。‎ 难点注释：这段关于剪纸的小文章难词较多，长句较多，要想把它翻译准确、通顺，不仅需要考生的单词量和单词拼写过关，而且语法和句间逻辑关系的把握以及中英文转化技巧的运用也很重要。‎ ‎1.这段文章中比较难的词语有“美化”、“居家环境”、“婚庆”、“装饰”等，这些词英文中没有明确对应的词，考生在翻译时应该抓住词的根本意思进行翻译。如“美化”可译为make…more beautiful。‎ ‎　　2.分析句子结构，抓住主干。比如，第一句“剪纸( paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。”“剪纸”是主语，“是”是谓语，“中国最为流行的……..之一”是表语，基本可以断定，本句转化为英文时是一个主系表结构的句子。‎ ‎　　3.处理中文里的短句时，要抓住每句的主干，其他短句在翻译成英文时需要转变为定语从句、状语从句等，比如，“特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。”这句里面，“特别是在春节和婚庆期间”在翻译时可以译为本句的状语，“剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间”是句子的主干，“以增加喜庆的气氛”是本句的目的状语。因此，需要用状语从句和表目的的不定式结构来连接句子。‎ ‎　　译文 ‎　　剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术之一。‎ ‎　　Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts.‎ ‎　　中国剪纸有一千五百年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties )特别流行，人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。‎ ‎　　Chinese paper cutting has history of more than 1500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.‎ ‎　　特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。‎ ‎　　During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.‎ ‎　　剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。‎ ‎　　The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity.‎ ‎　　中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。‎ ‎　　Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.‎ ‎【作文翻译专题练习+好词好句累计】‎ ‎1 李白是中国唐代著名的诗人之一。他因杰出的写诗才能，被赋予诗仙(Poetic Genius)的称号。他的大部分诗写于唐朝兴盛和衰败时期。他是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。李白一生都过着流浪的(wandering)生活。他有才华，但没有机会施 展。他很失望，心里愤愤不平。他必须通过喝酒和写诗来获得乐趣。然而我们可 能不得不感谢他悲惨的政治生活，否则我们将会失去一笔诗歌上的巨大财富。‎ ‎　　翻译：Li Bai was one of the celebrated poets in the Tang Dynasty of China. He was endowed with the title of Poetic Genius for his brilliant talent in writing poems. Most of his poems were produced in the rise and fall period of the Tang Dynasty. He is one of the greatest poets in the history of China. Li Bai lived a ‎ wandering life all his life. He had talent but no opportunity to use it. He was very disappointed and resentful. He had to attain fun by drinking wine and writing poems. However, maybe we have to thank his miserable political life, or we will lose a great fortune in poetry.‎ ‎2 饺子(dumpling)是中国传统食物，是春节最重要的食物之一，是北方节日的必备食品。传统上，一家人会在除夕夜一起包饺子，还可能会在其中一个饺子里藏一枚硬币，希望吃到硬币的人在新的一年交到好运。此外，饺子通常是为朋友或家人送行的食物。中国人擅长包饺子。饺子有各种各样的馅料，通常蘸着酱油 (soy sauce)、醋(vinegar)或大蒜(garlic)吃。‎ ‎　　翻译：As a traditional food, dumpling is one of the most important foods during the Spring Festival and necessary during holidays in Northern China. Traditionally, all members in family will get together to make dumplings at the Spring Festival's Eve. They may hide a coin in one of the dumplings, hoping that the person who finds the coin will have a good fortune in the coming year. In addition, dumpling is often the food for sending off friends or family members. Chinese are good at making dumplings which have variety of fillings, and are typically eaten by dipping into soy sauce, vinegar, or garlic.‎ ‎3 自上世纪90年代后期起，七夕节(the Double Seventh Festival )开始被称为“中国的情人节”。这个节日可以追溯到汉朝，当时对恋人、女孩都是个特殊的日子。 这天，女孩会举行仪式，向织女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技艺和美满婚姻，所以七夕节还被称为“乞巧节(the Begging for Skills Festival)”。如今，一些传统习俗已经弱化。人们现在把七夕节当作浪漫的情人节来庆祝，尤其是在年轻人中间。‎ ‎　　翻译：The Double Seventh Festival has been called Chinese Valentine's Day since the late 1990s. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then a special day not only for lovers, but also for girls. Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv for wisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened. Now the festival is celebrated as a romantic valentine's day, particularly among young people.‎ ‎4　太极拳(Taijiquan)是一种中国武术内家拳(the internal styles of Chinese martial art)。它基于以柔克刚(the soft overcoming the hard)的原理，发端于中国古代，最开始是一种武术和自卫方式。随着时间的推移，人们开始通过练太极拳来改善健康状况、增加福祉(well-being)。练习者用意念慢慢地、轻轻地移动身体, 同时深呼吸，因此有时被称为移动冥想(meditation)。中国人通常会在清晨到附近的公园练习太极拳。‎ ‎　　翻译：Taijiquan is one of the internal styles of Chinese martial art. It is based on the principle of the soft overcoming the hard and originated in ancient China as a martial art and a means of self-defense. Overtime, people began to exercise it to improve their health and well-being. Practicers move their bodies slowly，gently and with thought while breathing deeply，so it is sometimes referred to as “moving meditation”.Chinese commonly practice Taijiquan in nearby parks in early morning.‎ ‎5　中国人的姓名通常姓(family name)在前，名(given name)在后。中国有10‎ 多亿个名字，所以人们即便在随意场合也可能会连名带姓地介绍自己，这是很寻常的。历史上，人名的受欢迎稈度会随着时事而变化。例如，文化大革命(Cultural Revolution)期间，“红”颇受欢迎，因其代表“革命”。20世纪80年代改革开放时期，“致富”成为一个名字，因其意为“变得富有”。‎ ‎　　翻译：In China the family name is usually in front of the given name. It isn't unusual for a man to introduce himself by his family name with given name even in casual situations because there are more than a billion given names. The Chinese given name has a history of changing with popularity depending on what events were going on. For instance, during the Cultural Revolution Hong (the color red) was very popular as it presents revolution. During the reform and opening up in the 1980s, Zhifu became one given name as it means “getting rich”.‎ ‎6 尽管图书的种类多种多样，但从本质上说，它们都可以被分为 两大类,即纪实题材(fact)与小说题材。有时二者之间很难辨别，因为许多小说都是围绕着(mixed)现实事件和真实人物来进行创作的。 纪实题材的书籍包括:历史书，教科书，旅行手记，手册指南(manual) 和自传(autobiography)等。‎ ‎　　翻译：There are many, many different types of books but, essentially, they come in two categories, fact or fiction. Sometimes it is hard to distinguish between the two, because some fiction stories are mixed around true event and refer to real life people. The types of books that are included in the factual category are history books, text books, travel books, manuals and autobiographies.‎ ‎7 尽管音乐对每个人来说，都再熟悉不过了，但是几乎每个人对 这门艺术都有自己的观点看法。什么音乐算是好的音乐，这是见仁 见智的。各个音乐风格都有自己的经典音乐作品流行的并不完全等 于经典的。一个好的音乐作品，是创作者(creator)和演奏者(performer) 双方共同努力的结果，二者相辅相成，缺一不可。‎ ‎　　翻译： While music is familiar to virtually everyone it is an art, about which everyone has an opinion. What defines “great” music is, very much, a personal issue. There is “great” music in every style but what is popular does not always define the quality. Music is a joint effort between the creator and the performer and one cannot exist without the other.‎ ‎8　中医(Chinese medicine)是世界医学的遗产。中医有比西方医学 更好的治病方法。因为中医的效果和医治方式，在世界上中医现在 越来越流行了。中医起源于古代，巳经发展了很长一段时间，它收 集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。传统中医讲究人们身体系统的平衡。这是说，一旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。身体系统的损害 是疾病的根源。‎ ‎　　翻译： Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones. China medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its effect and its way to heal people. Originated from the ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illness. The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the body system of people. It is said that once the system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.‎ ‎9 孙大圣是中国古典文学名著《西游记》(Journey to the West)中 的一个主要的人物。他是唐僧(Tang Monk)第一个徒弟。其实在中国， 他最受欢迎的名字不是“孙大圣”，而是“孙悟空”，这是教他72变 的第一个师傅给他起的名字。“悟”的意思是“启迪”。“空”的意 思是“无”，这是佛学(Buddhism)中最重要的一个认识。在佛学中， 人必须放弃欲望和所有对财富、名声的渴望，以培养自己为佛。‎ ‎　　翻译：Monkey King is one of the main characters in Chinese classic literature masterpiece “Journey to the West". He is the first disciple of Tang Monk. Actually in Chinese，his most popular name is not “Monkey King” but “Sun Wukong，，，which was given by his first Master who taught him the 72 supernormal abilities. “Wu” means enlightening. “Kong” means emptiness，which is one of the most important understandings in Buddhism. In Buddhism, one has to give up every human desire and all attachments including the attachments to wealth and fame etc, in order to cultivate oneself into a Buddha.‎ ‎10 为消费者提供所需是每一个企业成功的关键。为此，企业需要 为如何吸引并留住客户制定计划。影响这种计划的因素很多，比如 客户关系、广告、声誉、定价、性价比(value for money)以及售后服 务等。除此之外，一个企业还需要高效、经济、安全地运营，因为 这些方面是与客户和雇员直接相关的。‎ ‎　　翻译： Providing what the customer requires is the key to any successful business. To do this, a business needs to have a plan for attracting, and keeping，their customers. There are several factors involved in developing a workable plan, such as, customer relations, advertising, reputation，pricing，value for money and ‎ after sales service. On top of that, businesses need to be run, efficiently, economically and safely because all these aspects relate to both their customers and their employees.‎ ‎11　京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装(costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装 类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困 者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。‎ ‎　　翻译：Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.‎ ‎12筷子(chopstick)起源于中国古代，一直是中国饮食文化重要的一部分。我们的祖先喜欢吃蒸煮食物，但用勺子很难舀(spoon out)到汤里的蔬菜，所以发明了筷子。从此，筷子成为他们生活中最为方便的餐具(tableware),标志着饮食文明的到来。如今，筷子除了具有餐具功能外，增添了很多新功能。熟练手艺人在筷子 上描绘美丽的风景，使之变成精美的艺术品。许多人热衷于收集筷子作为藏品。‎ ‎　　翻译：Chopsticks originated in ancient China and have been an important part of Chinese food culture. Our ancestors liked to have steamed or boiled food，but it was difficult for them to spoon out vegetables from the soup, so they invented chopsticks. Thus chopsticks have become the most convenient tableware in their life and marked the coming of food civilization. Nowadays，chopsticks are added many new functions besides being used as one kind of tableware. Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful sceneries on them to make them look like fine artworks. Many people are keen to gather them as their collections.‎ ‎13长期以来，饮酒(white spirit)在中国人的生活中一直扮演着重要的角色，无论是帝王还是百姓。饮酒是中国文化的一部分。中国人的祖先在作诗、写散文时喜欢饮酒，在宴会上还会向亲戚朋友敬酒。但饮酒不仅属于文化人，也是普通人生活中不可缺少的一部分。人们在各种场合饮酒，如生日宴会、饯行宴会、婚礼宴会(wedding banquet)等。搬进新房或生意开业时，也会邀请人们来吃饭、饮酒。‎ ‎　　翻译：Drinking white spirit has been taking an important role in Chinese people's life from emperors to ordinary people for a long time. Drinking white spirit is a part of Chinese culture. Chinese ancestors enjoyed drinking white spirit ‎ while writing poems or proses and they also toasted their relatives and friends at the feast. But drinking white spirit is not only for scholars，it is also an indispensable part of Chinese ordinary people's life. People drink white spirit on various occasions, such as the birthday party，farewell dinner，wedding banquet, etc. When someone moves into a new house or starts doing business，he/she will invite people for dinner and drinking white spirit.‎ ‎14 中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的曰益流行，同时也催 生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他 们习惯于当月工资当月花。因而被称为“月光族”(the moonlight group)。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的 年轻人。‎ ‎　　翻译：China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moon? light group”. This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those born into wealth，who have received a high education, and who appreciate fast food culture.‎ ‎15 中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临 着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提 供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供应将会 ‎ 成为城市发展的焦点问题。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化 社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消费者的需求。‎ ‎　　翻译：　China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.‎ ‎16　农历五月初五的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是个盛大的节日。它的另一名称——“重五节”就来源于这个日期。这个节日根据一个广为流传的故事，演变为纪念战国时期(the Warring States Period)楚国伟大爱国诗人屈原的日子。如果事实果真如此，那么端午节已经有大约2500年的存史了。端午节最盛行的活动是赛龙舟和吃粽子(rice dumpling)。自2008年以来，端午节在中国巳不仅仅是一个传统节日,还是公共假期。‎ ‎　　翻译：The Dragon Boat Festival is a grand festival celebrated on the 5th day of 5th month of the Chinese lunar calendar. This is the source of the alternative name of Double Fifth Festival. According to a widely stated story, the festival developed to commemorate the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan of Chu State in ‎ Warring States Period. If that is true, Dragon Boat Festival has a history of about 2,500 years. The most popular activities of Dragon Boat festival are racing dragon boats and eating rice dumplings. Since 2008，Dragon Boat Festival has been celebrated not only as a festival but also a public holiday in China.‎ ‎17 目前，全球变暖是一个热门话题，但是有关全球变暖的各项证据似乎还有些不同的声音。人们现在已经知道，地球的发展经历了很多周期(cycle),尽管在历史上还未出现过像今天这样的时代，即高度工业化(industrialization)产生如此多的污染。全球变暖主要是由于二氧化碳气体(carbon dioxide)的增多。‎ ‎　　汉译英：‎ ‎　　Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced. A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.‎ ‎18为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学收益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。(2014年6月真题)‎ ‎　　翻译：In order to promote equity in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening of rural compulsory education Midwest. These funds were used to improve the teaching facilities, purchase of books, so that more than 160,000 primary and secondary income. Funds are also used to purchase music and painting equipment. Now children in rural and mountainous areas with children's coastal cities like music and painting lessons. Some receive a better education for the city school students now transferred back to the local rural schools now.‎ ‎19　这周颁布的一项新法律要求子女必须经常探望年龄超过60岁的父母，并确保他们经济和精神上的需求得到满足。星期二，新华社报导了_条新闻，来自江苏市无锡市的一位77岁的老太太起诉她的女儿忽略她。这是新法律生效后的第一起案件，当地法院规定她的女儿至少每月探望母亲两次，并提供财力支持。但是这项法律引发了争议。有人说这给了那些因为工作、学习或者其他原因搬离家乡的人更多压力。‎ ‎　　汉译英：‎ ‎　　A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But the law’‎ s introduction has proved controversial. Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.‎ ‎20就像向中国出售商品的公司会看到收益有损失一样，中国经济活动放缓有着世界性的影响。包括澳大利亚、巴西和东南亚在内的其他国家近年来都看到了巨大的利润，因为中国对自然资源有需求。中国的需求下降巳经对很多商品的价格有了影响。上周，中国财政部长楼继伟表示,今年的经济增长可能为7%,而这不一定是“底线”。‎ ‎　　汉译英：‎ ‎　　A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that sell to China may see revenues suffer. Countries including Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural resources. The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities. Last week，China’s Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year, and that this may not be the “bottom line”.‎ ‎21 联合国下属机构世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)公布的数据显示，中国游客对全球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人去年花在出境游上的支出膨胀至1020亿美元，同2011年相比增长了40%。联合国世界旅游组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令中国迅速超越德国和美国。后两者在之前是出境游支出最高的两个国家。2012年德美两国出境旅游支出均同比增长6%,约840亿美元。‎ ‎　　汉译英：‎ ‎　　The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry. Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011. That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S. — the former No. 1 and No. 2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year- on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.‎ ‎22中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的日益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。因而被称为“月光族”(the moonlight group)。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年轻人。‎ ‎　　汉译英：‎ ‎　　China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called the moon light group”. This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those born into wealth，who have received a high education, and who appreciate fast food culture.‎ ‎23 茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),‎ 雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。‎ ‎　　汉译英 ‎　　Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.‎ ‎24 现代人类约公元前50000年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。这些石器时代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿着毛皮。公元前4000年左右，这些人开始种植水稻，并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前3000年，他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中国人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age)，并开始用于写字。约公元前700年，中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。‎ ‎　　汉译英：‎ ‎　　Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By ‎ around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons ‎25《论语》(The Analects of Confucius)是儒家的经典著作之一，它是对孔子及其弟子(disciple)的言行和对话的记录。众所周知，孔子是一位伟大的思想家和哲学家，他的思想被发展成了的儒家哲学体系。《论语》是儒家思想的代表作，数个世纪以来，《论语》一直极大地影响着中国人的哲学观和道德观，它也影响着其他亚洲国家人民的哲学观和道德观。‎ ‎　　The Analects of Confucius ‎　　The Analects of Confucius is one of the Confucius classics and is a record of the words and acts of Confucius and his disciples, as well as the conversations they held. It's well-known that Confucius is a great ideologist and philosopher, and his thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius is a representative work of Confucianism. For centuries, it has been heavily influencing the philosophy and moral outlook of Chinese people and that of the people of other Asian countries as well ‎26‎ 中国公司想创造世界品牌，外国公司想增加在中国的销量，这些都正改变着中国的设计产业。中国制造商意识到，若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。索尼这样的外国公司也开始明白，从前海外公司常把随便什么地方设计的产品拿到中国来卖，而现在，中国消费者变得更加挑剔，他们不再那样容易满足了。‎ ‎　　参考答案:‎ ‎　　Chinese companies want to create world brands and the foreign companies want to increase the selling in China which all change the Chinese design industry. The Chinese manufacturers realize that they have to design better products if they want to stand out in the domestic markets as well as distinguish themselves in the foreign markets. Previously, the overseas companies always took the products which were designed in somewhere to Chinese market, but now the foreign companies such as Sony begins to realize that the Chinese consumers become more and more fastidious and no longer easy to be satisfied.‎ ‎27中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。‎ ‎　　汉译英：‎ ‎　　China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the ‎ influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points。‎ ‎28药膳(medicated diet)在中国有着悠久的历史悠久的历史， 种类十分丰富，每一种都有特殊的功用，严格的制作方法和独特的风味。配料一般因人而异。根据每个人生理条件的不同，应使用不同的药材，以达到保健和治病的功效。中药(Chinese medicine)与食物彼此调和可以改善药物的口味，提高食物的功效。药膳用材范围广，可以自制，因此易于普及，深受人们喜爱。‎ ‎　　【参考译文】‎ ‎　　Medicated diet enjoys a long history in China and has large variety. Each of them has special function, strict producing method and unique flavor. The ingredients generally vary from person to person. Different medicines should be applied based on different physiological conditions of each person so as to achieve the function of physical fitness and disease healing. The coordination of Chinese medicine with food can improve the medicine in taste and the food in effect. Medicated diet's materials range is wide and it can be home-made, so it is easy to popularize, and much favored by people.‎ ‎29 打麻将(mahjong)有时被描述成现实生活的翻版，既需要策略，也需要运气。 在中国玩麻将通常还需要下或大或小的赌注(bet)。一个世纪前，麻将主要是富人 的消遣(pastime),但如今已被认为是大众游戏。麻将在20世纪20年代引人美国，一股麻将热潮随之而来。学习打麻将最好的方式是与朋友坐在一起，让他们示范 玩一次，把麻将牌面向上，看大家怎么玩。‎ ‎　　【参考译文】‎ ‎　　Playing mahjong, which is sometimes described as a metaphor of real life， needs a mix of strategies and luck. Typically in China，it also involves placing large or small bets. A century ago，it was mainly a pastime for wealthy people，but today it is considered a game of the people. When it was first introduced to the U.S.A. in the 1920s，a craze of mahjong ensued The best way to learn playing mahjong is to sit with friends and ask them to play a demonstration game: ask them to turn their pieces upwards and watch what everybody is doing. ‎