【英语】2020届二轮复习七选五类型阅读原创试题学案之一

【英语】2020届二轮复习七选五类型阅读原创试题学案之一

‎2020届二轮复习 七选五类型阅读原创试题学案之一 ‎1、Empathy ‎ Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.① Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect.② There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature.③ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.④ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的)intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others.⑤‎ ‎ To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said. C. “One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,”Freed says. D. Humans learn by example —and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel. F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life. G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human —and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.‎ ‎2、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first ‎ letters of the words radio direction and ranging. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog. ①__________‎ In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. ②__________It has been used widely in almost every conflict since then.‎ Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object. ③__________‎ Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships.④__________Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.‎ ‎⑤__________ Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic—missiles (战略导弹)warning systems that can alert us to attacks ‎ when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.‎ A.Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.‎ B.These measurements are now highly accurate.‎ C.The device can be used in a wide range of fields.‎ D.It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.‎ E.During World War II many countries used radar effectively.‎ F.Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.‎ G.Strengthening national defense is one of radar’s most important functions.‎ ‎3、When the kids are out of school, parents are eager to use the holidays for some quality family time ①__________   While there’s great concern among parents about the impact of screens on physical activity and face-to-face communications, parental use of screens is often overlooked. One recent report found that parents spend over nine hours per day with screen media. It s no wonder that families find it hard to have high-quality social interactions.‎ Want our kids to put down the phones and tablets?  ②__________   It’s necessary that we unplug when we ask our kids to do the same. Some family activities we create can help us engage with our kids without the concern of screen time.‎ Why not leave the devices at home and go for a tech-free nature walk? It will be an opportunity to make us more connected to the world beyond the screen. Focus on being in the moment and kids may enjoy collecting plant seeds or stones ③__________ ‎ A board game night is ideal for bringing family members together and being engaged. Moreover, playing games together fosters social interaction, cooperation, and the development of Social Emotional Learning (SEL) ④__________ ‎ Some other family activities are wonderfully fun without the use of electronic devices. For example, take the kids swimming, or bring them to an indoor rock climbing gym. Bake a cake for a neighbor or plant a garden ⑤__________   Your kids will get lost in the activity, forgetting the devices.‎ To be clear, technology has many benefits to parents and children. However, creating some tech-free time can help parents and kids feel more connected to each other.‎ A. We parents must model that behavior.‎ B. Even so, too much of a good thing can be bad for family time.‎ C. However, many of us find it hard to compete with electronics.‎ D. Parents may learn from their kids about science and nature as well.‎ E. Best of all, family members can enjoy being engaged in a shared experience.‎ F. The kids are more likely to have buy-in when they feel like they have a say.‎ G. All these activities require family members to focus their attention on the task at han ‎4、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals(痊愈). Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.‎ ‎    The study showed how the bodies circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds. ①__________ It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a circle—a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. ②__________‎ ‎    In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day. Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.‎ ‎    The researchers examined cells, mice, and burn injury databases.③__________‎ ‎    Night-time burns—burns suffered between 8 o’clock at night and 8 o’clock the next morning—were 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days.‎ ‎    But after an average of 17 days, daytime burns -burns suffered between 8 o’clock in the morning and 8 at night -were 95 percent healed. ④__________‎ ‎    Wounds are very costly to treat. ⑤__________In Britain’s National Health Services, for example, such services cost around $6.56 billion per year. Experts say the high costs result, in part, from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.‎ A. Each cycle lasts about 24 hours.‎ B. The circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.‎ C. Specifically, their investigation found the following information:‎ D. The new study's findings could help scientists develop better drugs.‎ E. In other words, nighttime injuries took an average of 11days longer to heal.‎ F. Worldwide, billions of dollars are spent every year on wound-treatment services.‎ G. That's what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.‎ ‎5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    Critical(批判的)thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking ‎ harder or longer. ①__________. Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.‎ ‎    Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. ②__________. Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.‎ ‎    Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t. ③__________.‎ ‎    Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. ④__________. You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.‎ ‎    ⑤__________. There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego(自负)feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering ‎ about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.‎ A. Actually, it’s about thinking better.‎ B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.‎ C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.‎ D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.‎ E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?‎ F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.‎ G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true.‎ ‎6、根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Are You a Prisoner of Perfection?‎ Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? 1 Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.‎ Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with ‎ criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.‎ ‎ 2 Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes. ‎ Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 3 However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves. ‎ ‎ 4 We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.‎ Being human, perfection is impossible. 5 Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.‎ A. Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize?‎ B. A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings. ‎ C. Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself?‎ D. The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.‎ E. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way. ‎ F. People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.‎ G. By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.‎ ‎7、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ There are numerous benefits of reading good books.①______ Whatever your field might be, it's very important to create a good habit to read beyond your horizons. Here are tips to help you cultivate a better and consistent reading habit:‎ ‎●Determine your reading goal.②______ This goal should be clear and backed up with a purpose. Start by thinking about how a consistent reading pattern can help you grow indifferent areas of your life-spirit, academics, career, relationships and more.‎ ‎●③____ Once you' re done setting your reading goal for the ‎ year, you'll need a list to back it up. Write out a list of the amazing books you want to read. Ask for recommendations from friends and instructors. It s important to keep a journal listing the books you'll like to read for each month.‎ ‎●Get a responsible reading partner to promote your reading. Goals need to be backed up in order to help put a check and encourage you during times you don't feel motivated.④_______ ‎ To develop a reading culture, you must first analyze your current reading habits. Do you read at all?⑤___ In order to truly achieve your reading goals and build a consistent reading habit, you'll need to set up simple systems， find responsible partners， and generally be hungry to grow beyond your comfort zone.‎ A. Do you study hard at school?‎ B. Make a list of books for each month.‎ C. Do you start off and stop at some point?‎ D. Get up early and go to bed late to back up your goal.‎ E. It's important to start off by setting a goal to create a reading habit.‎ F. Get a friend willing to read, and create a plan to help you achieve your reading goals.G. It can make you think deeper, sharpen your skills and teach you more about your field.‎ ‎8、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎①__________ People traveled in search of food and shelter or in order to flee from their enemies. Sometimes they were looking for gold or silver in order to become rich. On other occasions they were searching for rich farmland.‎ This is not to say that no one ever traveled just for fun. Even in ancient times, some pleasure travel occurred. During a typical season, 700,000 tourists would crowd into the ancient city of Rome, where animals performed and magicians entertained them. ②__________‎ ‎③__________ International tourist arrivals alone reached as many as 546 million in 1994 and are forecast to rise to 937 million in 2010, according to the World Trade Organization. ④__________ Probably the most common reason for traveling is related to our physical well-being. Actually, traveling to sports events is one of the fastest growing types of travel. In our fast developing, modern society where stress has become part of people’s life, people can rest and relax by having a change of environment and activities.‎ ‎⑤__________ No one seems to doubt that travel broadens the mind. In 18th century Europe, young men would go on a Grand Tour to various countries in order to complete their education. Today the desire to travel to different countries is encouraged by modem mass media. People who travel to other countries can at the same time learn more about their own country and culture.‎ A. But why do people like traveling so much B. Throughout history, most travel was not for pleasure C. So they travel to a lake for a swim or to a park for a hike D. The improvement in transportation has also encouraged people to travel E. Wealthy Romans made trips to Greece to take part in the Olympic Games F. The growth of tourism has become a modern phenomenon experienced by all countries in the world G. Another important reason for traveling is to satisfy our curiosity about different places and cultures ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：BDGFC 解析：密歇根大学的研究者发现,在过去的十年里大学生的同情心严重下滑。本文阐述了同情心减少的原因,同情心的重要性以及如何培养人的同情心。‎ ‎1. B 由空处前文讲到密歇根大学的研究者发观大学生的同情心在过去的十年里严重减少,那么既然是调查研究就会阐述原因, B项中的because是关键词。故B项符合语境。‎ ‎2. D 由空处前文Freed对这一问题的解释,可知人们在电视上经常会看到打架、 竞争或是人与人相互不尊重的现象,因此容易效仿。故D项正确。‎ ‎3. G空处前句表明人类本质的社会化,而空处要对前句进行举例说明。人类本质社会化比较重要的表现就是与他人建立关系,同情则对这些关系起到了决定性的作用。因此,两句有很强的逻辑关系。故G项符合题意。‎ ‎4. F 根据空处前文“Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. ”,即同情是很多大公司甄选经理的标准之一,由此可知同情也是一种社会技能,可以帮助你在生活的很多领域获得成功。故F项符合题意。 ‎ ‎5. C空处前句讲到培养同情心就要放下戒备真正聆听别人。那么反过来,有很多人只顾着自己的观点,很难培养同情心,由此​可判断空处是对前句的补充。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1. D 2. E 3. ‎ B 4. A 5. G 解析： ‎ ‎1.D【解析】根据语境可知,没有雷达,飞机不能在坏天气中安全着陆,轮船不能在浓雾中安全航行,因此它对于船运公司和旅行者来说特别重要,故选D。‎ ‎2.E【解析】根据空前一句可知,科学家直到20世纪30年代才在雷达技术上有了重大进展,再根据后句"自那之后雷达被广泛用于几乎所有冲突中",故E项"在二战中许多国家有效地使用了雷达"符合语境,故选E。‎ ‎3.B【解析】根据空前一句可知,在屏幕上观察者会看到一束光,这表明了物体的方向和距离。故空处应该是对测量结果的评价,说明测量的结果是高度准确的。故选B。‎ ‎4.A【解析】此段主要介绍了雷达在不同领域的应用。空处前后都是举例,所以A项举警察驾驶装备有雷达的汽车追踪违章超速者的例子符合语境,故选A。‎ ‎5.G【解析】本空是本段的主旨句。根据下文内容可知,本段主要讲了雷达也可用于国防领域。故选G。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：C; A; D; E; G 解析：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：B; A; C; E; F 解析：‎ 语篇解读本文介绍了一项科学研究,研究表明在白天受的伤比在夜晚受的伤愈合得更快。‎ ‎1. B细节句。根据空后信息可知,此处作者强调昼夜节律有很强的周期性,B项衔接前句,表明昼夜节律像时钟或者计时器一样,符合语境。‎ ‎2. A 细节句。根据空前句中的 “a cycle—a series of activities are repeated day after day”可知此周期每天循环,由此可判断周期时长为24小时,故选A。‎ ‎3. C过渡句。空前句提到研究人员研究分析了烧伤数据库,空后句谈到调查研究结果,由此判断C项符合语境。 ‎ ‎4. E总结句。由上文信息可知,夜晚受的烧伤修复需要28天的周期, 而空后信息谈到,白天受的烧伤修复只需要17天。因此可以判断,夜晚修复的平均周期比白天长11天,故E项符合语境。‎ ‎5. F过渡句。根据空前句可知,创伤治疗费用高,后文举例“such services cost around $6.56 billion”说明治疗费用不菲,因此F项符合语境。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：A; E; G; D; B 解析：本文为说明文。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能的艺术。这是更好地思考。文中介绍了一些帮助你建立批判性思维基础的技巧和想法:勇于质疑、会移情,为他人着想、与聪明的人相处等。‎ ‎①考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段是对批判性思维的定义。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能的艺术。接着进行解释:这并不是你思考的更久或更长。那是什么呢?”而是….”。分析选项,选项A(而是关于更好的思考)。不是….而是….,正是一种常用的解释,因此A项符合题意。‎ ‎②考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。第二段最后一句“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.” 那么整个基础就需要自下而上重建。由此可推断“如果是错误的就是重建”。分析选项,E项(但是如果他们被证明是错误的,或者至少不是完全真实的呢?)与后面的整个基础就需要重建是互为条件。故选E项。‎ ‎③考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的意思是说除非你亲自调查过,否则不要把权威性的信息带进来。因为我们无法都仔细检查每件事,所以权威性的东西并不非一定是值得信赖,并非是真的。分析选项可知,只在G项(所以杂志或网络上发表的内容并不意味着这是真的。)的意思与之相符,因为杂志上发表的东西相对是权威性的。故G与本段意思相一致。‎ ‎④考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的中心为:设身处地为别人着想即移情还可以帮助你培养批判性思维的技能。因为一点点理解就有助于深入了解他们。你理解他人越深,你做出的决定或判断就越明智。分析选项,可知D选项选中的动词understand与本段中的名词understanding,选项中的judge评判与本段中decisions决定,判断是词义的复现。而其句意: “不理解别人时不要评价别人”,与本段意思相一致。因此D项符合题意,故选D。‎ ‎⑤考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后内容:跟你身边的聪明的人学习是最好的办法,如果你想变得更聪明,那就不要自负,要与聪明的人交朋友,总之就是要与聪明的人在一起。本小题是对本段的总结,分析选项可知B项(和比你更聪明的在一起)符合题意。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：ADEBG 解析： ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1. G 2. E 3. B 4. ‎ F 5. C 解析： ‎ 本文是一篇说明文。读好书有很多好处。文章介绍了一些帮助你养成更好和更持久阅读习惯的小窍门。‎ ‎1  G.上文提示“读好书有很多好处。”承接上文,G项It can make you think deeper, sharpen your skills and teach you more about your field.(它能让你思考得更深入,提高你的技能,并教会你更多关于你所在领域的知识。)切题。故选G。‎ ‎2  E.本段小标题“确定你的阅读目标。”再根据下文提示“这个目标应该是明确的,并有一个目的作为后盾。”承接标题和下文,E项 It's important to start off by setting a goal to create a reading habit.(通过设定一个目标开始养成阅读习惯是很重要的。)切题。关键词“goal”,故选E。‎ ‎3  B.此空是段落小标题,应该用段小精悍的祈使句,所以在B/D/F中选。再结合空格下文提示“以记日记的形式列出你每个月想读的书是很重要的。”承接下文内容,B项 Make a list of books for each month.(列出每个月的书单。)故选B。‎ ‎4  F.上文提示“当你感到没有动力的时候,你的目标需要被支持,以帮助你检查和鼓励你。”承接上文,F项Get a friend willing to read, and create a plan to help you achieve your reading goals.(找一个愿意阅读的朋友,制定一个帮助你实现阅读目标的计划。)切题。故选F。‎ ‎5  C.根据上文提示“要培养一种阅读文化,你必须首先分析你当前的阅读习惯。你读书吗?”承接上文,C项Do you start off and stop at some point?(你会在某一点开始并停止吗?)切题。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8答案及解析：‎ 答案：B; E; F; A; G 解析：‎ ‎1.空后人们旅行为了寻找食物和避难所或为了逃离他们的敌人。是对B项“纵观历史,大多是旅行不是为了玩乐”的进一步阐述,故选B ‎2、E项富有的罗马人旅行去希腊参加欧林匹克运动会。与开头的“This is not to say that no one ever traveled just for fun”相对应。‎ ‎3、项后的国际间旅行数据的增长是对F项的旅游业增长的进一步阐释。‎ ‎4、空后的最常见的旅行的理由与我们的身体健康相关。是对项问题的回答。‎ ‎5、空后,毫无疑问,旅行可以开阔人的思想。与G项旅行的另一个理由是满足我们对不同地方和文化的好奇心。‎ ‎ ‎