【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项特殊句式学案(1)

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项特殊句式学案(1)

‎12特殊句式 十年树木，百年树人，十年磨一剑。本专辑按照最新2020年考纲，对近十年高考真题精挑细选，去伪存真，挑选符合最新考纲要求的真题，按照考点/考向同类归纳，难度分层精析，对全国卷Ⅰ具有重要的应试性和导向性。‎ 三观指的观三题（观母题、观平行题、观扇形题），一统指的是统一考点/考向，并对十年真题进行标灰（调整不考或低频考点标灰色）。‎ ‎（一）2020考纲 考点 ‎2020考纲要求 常见特殊句式的用法 ⅠⅡⅢ ‎（二）本节考向题型研究汇总 题型考向 考点/考向 ‎2020考纲要求 语法填空 ‎（1）在具体语篇中，综合考查特殊句式相关知识 ⅠⅡⅢ 短文改错 ‎（2）在具体语篇中，综合考查特殊句式相关知识 ⅠⅡⅢ 单项填空 ‎（3）在语境中，考查特殊句式相关知识 ‎2014年前 考向题型研究一：语法填空（考点1-常见介词的用法）‎ ‎1．(2016·全国Ⅰ)Only after a year of friendly discussion ________ Ms Gaf finally say yes.‎ ‎【答案】did ‎【解析】考查倒装句。只有在经过了一年的友好讨论Ms Gaf最后才同意了。Only强调时间状语，置于句首时，主句部分倒装。故填did。‎ ‎2．(2016·全国Ⅰ)In this box ________some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient.‎ ‎【答案】are ‎【解析】考查倒装句。在盒子里是病人急需的一些干细胞。此处是完全倒装句，正常语序是some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient are in this box.故填are。‎ ‎1.（2018·北京）8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________（press） the button and a highly-trained agent will ‎ get you the help you need.‎ ‎【答案】press ‎【解析】考查祈使句。在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是祈使句，故填press。‎ ‎2.（2018·天津）14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.‎ ‎【答案】that ‎【解析】考查强调句。只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故填that。‎ ‎3.（2017·江苏）22. _______(be)it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ ‎【答案】Were ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were提前，故填Were。‎ ‎4.（2017·天津）11. It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.‎ ‎【答案】that ‎【解析】考查强调句型。当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，故填that。‎ ‎5．(2016·天津)Then ________ (come)the final awards ceremony at the end of the year.‎ ‎【答案】came ‎【解析】接着年终颁奖典礼来了。时间副词then放在句首，句子要全部倒装。‎ ‎1．(2016·天津)Here I learned my first important lesson: ________(disable)as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay.‎ ‎【答案】disabled　‎ ‎【解析】在这里我学习到了重要的一课：尽管我在语言上有困难，我仍然能够用泥土完好灵活地表达我自己。设空处为as引导的让步状语从句，此处表语提前至句首，相当于Although I was disabled in language...。‎ ‎2．(2016·浙江6月)It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; ________ are they ever clearly taught it.‎ ‎【答案】nor ‎【解析】很可能婴儿一出生就不知道天地万物的基本事实，他们也不会被清楚地教授。此处为“nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”倒装结构。‎ ‎3．(2016·江苏高考)Not until recently ________they encourage the development of tourist－related activities in the rural areas.‎ ‎【答案】did　‎ ‎【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Not until recently可知，本句要用倒装形式。‎ ‎4.（2019·南京市盐城市高三年级第一次模拟）33. He was still full of optimism for the future despite many problems, and never once ______ I see him get worried or upset.‎ ‎【答案】did ‎【解析】考查特殊句式。尽管有许多问题，他对未来仍然充满乐观，我从未见过他感到忧虑或不安。and连接两个并列句，后面一个句子是以否定词never开头，故用倒装结构，且从前面的句子时态来看，确定是用一般过去时，故填did。‎ ‎5.（江苏省扬州中学2019届高三上学期12月月考）30.---It is _____ he often failed in exams _____ makes his parents worried about him.‎ ‎---- Actually, they needn’t worry so much.‎ ‎【答案】that , that ‎【解析】考查强调句型和主语从句。——正是他经常考试不及格使他的父母担心他。——事实上，他们不必那么担心。强调句型it is/was... that去掉后不影响句意，根据makes可知，that he often fails in exams是主语从句，he often fails in exams是主谓结构，不缺少成分， that引导主语从句时不能省略，故填that , that。‎ 考点一　强调 ‎1．强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。‎ ‎2．如果原句中含有“not...until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。‎ ‎3．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。‎ ‎4．do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。‎ 考点二　倒装 ‎1．完全倒装 在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种：‎ ‎1．表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如here，there，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语是名词时。‎ ‎2．若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。‎ ‎3．there be句型：其中be动词有时可用exist，live，stand，lie，seem，appear，remain，happen等词代替，谓语动词用就近原则。‎ ‎2．部分倒装 ‎1．only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时句子使用部分倒装。‎ ‎2．否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。‎ ‎3．部分倒装的特殊句式 ‎1．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。‎ ‎2．在so...that...和such...that...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中需要部分倒装。‎ ‎3．not only...but also...，连接两个并列分句，not only置于句首时，它所在的分句使用部分倒装。‎ ‎4．as/though引导让步状语从句时，将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)‎ ‎5. hardly...when...；no sooner...than...；scarcely...when...“刚……就……”，hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。‎ 考点三　主谓一致 ‎1．意义一致原则 ‎1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎2．“no/each/every＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎3．非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎4．表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语时，看作一个整体时为单数。‎ ‎5．含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况 ‎①many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎②the rest，the remaining/part...＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。‎ ‎③分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。‎ ‎2．就近一致原则 ‎1．由or，nor，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。‎ ‎2．there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎3．语法一致原则 ‎1．主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎2．a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。‎ ‎3．由“kind (form，type，sort，species，portion，series)of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。‎ ‎4．主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。‎ 考点四　省略 ‎1．从句的省略 ‎1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。‎ ‎2．so或not代替上文内容，此时可用“if＋so/not”省略句式；其他类似结构还有if ever，if any，if anything等。‎ ‎3．I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别表示肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。‎ ‎2．不定式的省略 ‎1．单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等后面。否定形式的省略用not to。‎ ‎2．不定式符号to用在某些形容词，如glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面。‎ ‎3．如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。‎ ‎4．在do nothing but，can't help but，why not，would rather...than...；prefer to do...rather than...等句型中省略to.‎ 考向题型研究二：短文改错（考点-特殊句型的误用）‎ As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don't. There is several reasons.________‎ ‎【答案】is→are　‎ ‎【解析】句意为：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故将There is改为There are。‎ ‎1． It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.________‎ ‎【答案】which→that　‎ ‎【解析】句意为：是团队合作而不是我自己单打独斗使我克服了困难并使我的工作效率更高。本句考查强调句型。强调句型为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。由此可见需将which改为that。‎ ‎2． My dear friends, don't afraid of problems，but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves.________‎ ‎【答案】don't后加be　‎ ‎【解析】句意为：我亲爱的朋友，不要害怕问题，而要充分利用问题使我们自己成为最佳。“don't afraid of problems”为祈使句的否定形式，形容词afraid前需加上系动词be。‎ ‎1． Just as the old saying goes，“Happiness lies in contentment.”Only in this way we relax ourselves and achieve more progress.________‎ ‎【答案】way后加can或者will　‎ ‎【解析】当“only＋状语”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。‎ ‎2． How an interesting country to live in！________‎ ‎【答案】How→What　‎ ‎【解析】根据后面的名词country可知，应用what引起感叹。‎ 短文改错中对于特殊句式的考查主要涉及主谓不一致以及含有助动词的谓语结构错误、替代词的错用等。‎ ‎ [应对策略]‎ 遇到特殊句式，要注意主谓一致、强调句、倒装句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句等的构成特点。‎ 特殊句式易错点 在书面表达中适当引入特殊句式，可提高表达的层次，增强交际效果。但是学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：‎ ‎1．主谓不一致 ‎(误)Your friend and adviser have agreed to lend me some money.‎ ‎(正)Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me some money.‎ ‎(误)Many a scientist have sacrificed their lives for science.‎ ‎(正)Many a scientist has sacrificed his life for science.‎ ‎(误)Mr Wang，together with his wife，have gone to Australia.‎ ‎(正)Mr Wang，together with his wife，has gone to Australia.‎ ‎(误)Each of the boys have their own books.‎ ‎(正)Each of the boys has his own books.‎ ‎(误)The blind is not able to walk without sticks.‎ ‎(正)The blind are not able to walk without sticks.‎ ‎(误)Five years have passed since then.‎ ‎(正)Five years has passed since then.‎ ‎2．缺乏运用意识 语言输出时，多用正常语序的简单句、并列句等，而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。‎ ‎(简单句堆积)I am Li Hua.I am chairman of the Student Union.I am from Chenguang High School.‎ ‎(同位语)I am Li Hua，chairman_of_the_Student_Union，from_Chenguang_High_School.‎ ‎(一般表达)I didn't realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.‎ ‎(倒装句)Not_until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school did_I_realize_its_importance.‎ ‎(强调句)It_was_not_until_I_was_chosen_monitor_of_my_class_in_my_senior_middle_school that I realized its importance.‎ ‎3．运用中出现语法错误 ‎(误)Only_work_hard can you achieve your goal.‎ ‎(正)Only_by_working_hard can you achieve your goal.‎ ‎(误)There have some problems exist in our school.‎ ‎(正)There exist some problems in our school.‎ ‎(误)Only after the war learned_he the sad news.‎ ‎(正)Only after the war did_he_learn the sad news.‎ ‎(误)It was at_midnight_when I got back home yesterday.‎ ‎(正)It was at_midnight_that I got back home yesterday.‎ ‎(正)It was midnight_when I got back home yesterday.‎