【英语】2020届二轮复习书面表达之概要写作学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习书面表达之概要写作学案

概要写作(一)‎ ‎ (建议用时：每篇25分钟)‎ A 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Works of literature can be written in a wide variety of forms.These different types or sorts of writing are known as genre(类型)．We can classify literary works by what they have in common—their styles or what they are about，for example.On a simple level，organizing works of literature into genres helps us understand the variety of literary works.‎ Prose writing can be divided into two main types: fiction and nonfiction.Fiction includes stories that are made up by the author.They are not true in a factual sense but they may be based on scientific，historical or geographic facts.Within the broad area of fiction，we can distinguish two main types: realistic fiction and historical fiction.‎ Realistic fiction includes stories that are set in the contemporary world and are about people and events that could happen.Most bestsellers are of this style.Realistic fiction itself has many subdivisions(划分) such as crime fiction，adventure stories and romantic stories.Stories set in the past and based on historical facts are historical fiction.Some of the characters in the stories are imaginary，while others may be real people from the past.Much of this type of fiction centers on wars or political events.‎ Nonfiction books are based on facts and include genres such as biography，history，popular science and reference works such as dictionaries.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Different types of literary works can be called genres.(要点1) For example，fiction can be divided into two main types.(要点2) Stories in realistic fiction are about events that could happen in the contemporary world，while historical fiction is about stories that are based on historical facts.(要点3)Nonfiction books are written according to facts.(要点4)‎ B ‎(2019·湖州检测)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ While many of us go to sleep before midnight, some teenagers choose to stay up much later. They are not driven by the burning desire to write a better essay or achieve a higher grade. Instead, they are busy playing online games. Known as young Internet addicts, they have long been a problem in China. A report released by the China Youth Association for Network Development ‎ showed that there were over 24 million young Internet addicts among China’s young urban Internet users. The report also said that over 18 million youth had a tendency to develop Internet addiction.‎ To deal with the problem of Internet addiction among teenagers, the Cyberspace Administration of China released draft regulations in January which carried out a ban on online gaming. If the regulations are adopted, under18s would be banned from playing online games between midnight and 8 a．m.‎ As soon as the government’s draft law surfaced, it drew great attention from the public. Some applauded the law as a way to better protect minors(未成年人), saying that too much overnight gaming is harmful to minors’ health and believing the period between midnight and 8 a．m. to be vital to human physical functions.However, others wondered whether it would be practicable if it came into effect, as minors could just borrow their parents’ IDs to register accounts to play online games. The Guangming Daily suggested that parents should help their teenagers find a balance between the cyber world and the real world.‎ China‎ is by no means the only one trying to fight against teenage gaming addiction. Germany introduced a regulation in an attempt to stop minors from playing online games from 10 p．m. to 6 a．m. Meanwhile, the U．K., the U．S.‎ and Australia have forced a rating system on computer games to make sure that teenagers cannot access“adult”content such as violence, sex or bad language.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Many teenagers in China have become addicted to overnight online games.(要点1) Thus, the government released a draft law to solve the longlasting issue.(要点2) Some people welcomed the law because it is beneficial to teenagers’ health, while others doubted whether it would be effective.(要点3) Actually, many other countries have also been making laws against the youth online addiction.(要点4)‎ C 阅读下面短文， 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Computers have changed the way a business functions to a large extent.In the past，corporate houses rented spaces for running accounting departments.It took months together to figure out profit or loss that a business had made or suffered.However，computers have become the backbone of all businesses now.Today，computers are used beyond bookkeeping(记账) purposes too.Almost everything that happens in an organization is recorded，worked upon and evaluated with the help of computers.‎ Imagining our lives without computers is next to impossible.Computers were initially used only ‎ in workplaces.However，they soon became a household name，which revolutionized everything from school homework to grocery shopping.When the Internet came into being，it caused a great change in the way we functioned.Over a period of time，computers enabled working from home，which created a new type of employment.This gave usage of computers，within the confines(界限) of homes，a new part.As technology progressed，simple things such as shopping，booking tickets，buying a new house，searching for schools and colleges，researching for projects and medical information became a lot easier with entry of computers in every household.‎ As an indispensable tool in our lives，computers have changed the way we think in more ways than one.Today，all you have to do about finding answers is just “Google it”！ The online world of blogging，instant messaging，chatting and social networking not only leaves virtual traces，but unites the world in a completely unimagined way.This powerful medium is the great mode of mass communication which affects our thinking by providing people with a platform to voice their opinions and begin discussions that have brought about a change in the world.‎ Computers have pushed us to see different worlds and experience different cultures.The revolution in Egypt is the latest example of how computers changed the world.Today the identity of information technology is computers.Invention of this machine has changed the world’s perspective about cultures，economics，history and current affairs.The advent(到来) of computers has no doubt brought a revolutionary change in our existence.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Computers have brought great changes in our lives for the past few years.(要点1)Firstly，computers have changed the traditional way that people do business greatly.(要点2) Secondly，computers have become an important part of our lives and benefited us in many ways.(要点3)Besides，computers have changed our way of thinking.(要点4) More importantly，computers allow us to experience different cultures without leaving home.(要点5)In conclusion，computers have been one of the greatest inventions.(要点6)‎ D 阅读下面短文， 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Winter sports can help you burn calories，increase your cardiovascular fitness，and strengthen muscles.Being outdoors and getting exercise are great for your mental health.Exercise boosts mood，and sunlight seems to help beat back the winter blues.So slap on some sunblock and go.‎ Winter is a great time to experiment with new sports.If you like to walk，keep walking on snowshoes.If you want to try an endurance sport，go for crosscountry skiing.And snowboarding is ‎ just plain fun.Runners can also train during the winter，although beware of wet or slippery roads.Or slip on a pair of snowshoes.One of the easiest sports around，snowshoeing can be excellent coldweather crosstraining for runners and cyclists—or anyone wanting to take a wintry walk in the woods.‎ Whatever sport you choose，don’t rely on a friend for instruction.You wouldn’t let an amateur perform brain surgery on you；why let one teach you to ski or skate？That’s what instructors are for—to help newcomers start out right.Instructors can give you advice about equipment，techniques，safety，and dealing with injuries if they do happen to you.‎ It’s tempting for an eager athlete to advance too quickly through learning the ropes.Resist the temptation.If you want to progress，invest your time in learning the basics thoroughly.Everything else you do as a skier，boarder，or skater will be built on these first skills.‎ Play safely by figuring out what special equipment and safety gear you’ll need.Planning an afternoon of snowshoeing or crosscountry skiing？Pack water，snacks，fruit，and extra socks.If you’re going out for a long time，keep your water bottle insulated from the cold so it doesn’t freeze.‎ Don’t head out onto the slopes or into remote country areas alone.Always go with a buddy and tell a friend what time you plan on returning.If you get in trouble and don’t show up when you are supposed to，your friend has your back.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Winter sports can not only strengthen your physical body，but also benefit your mental health.(要点1) While there are many new sports in winter you can experiment with, you should know some basic skills, and don’t rely on a friend for instruction.(要点2) To play safely，you should figure out the special equipment and safety gear you’ll need, and shouldn’t go out alone to faraway places.(要点3)‎ 概要写作(二)‎ ‎ (建议用时：每篇25分钟)‎ A ‎(2019·杭州高三模拟)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the U．S. and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends.Meanwhile，they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school，according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)．Children are 70 times ‎ more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.‎ These school buses meet more of the nation’s motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicle on the road. Also，several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer，such as video cameras on the inside and outside，stop arm cameras, GPS tracking and collision lessening systems.Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs，closelyspaced seats and energyabsorbing seating.‎ But even the safeness of school buses would not completely sum up why children are safer when riding the big，yellow bus.The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them. All drivers must obtain a Class B or C Commercial Driver’s License(CDL)．They are randomly tested for alcohol and drugs，usually have their driving record checked，and are given the same review for criminal history as teachers and other employees who have contact with students.In order to serve as a school bus driver，most applicants are required to successfully complete a training course, along with instruction in the classroom and behind the wheel.‎ School buses are safe for the environment，not only because each bus replaces 36 passenger cars that would，but for the buses，be on the road taking and picking up school children.Additionally，school buses use alternative green fuels like natural gas，and electric power.‎ Todd Monteferrario，President of the National School Transportation Association，said parents should remember that the safest and smartest choice is to put their children on the big yellow bus when they can.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ The school bus is the safest and wisest choice to school in the U．S. for the following reasons.(要点1) Firstly, school buses not only meet high vehicle safety standards but also are technologically equipped.(要点2) Secondly, the bus drivers have to pass strict qualification tests and safety driving training.(要点3) Thirdly, school buses, powered by green fuels, are environmentally safe by reducing the number of private cars hitting the roads.(要点4) Therefore, children are encouraged to go to school by school bus.(要点5)‎ B 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ As a high school basketball coach，I did all I could to help the boys win the matches.To win every match was the goal.However，something following a match，in which I worked as a referee(‎ 裁判)，changed my opinion on wins.It was a basketball game between New Rochelle and Yonkers High in New York.‎ New Rochelle was coached by Dan O’Brein，while Yonkers by Les Beck.The stadium was crowded with people.The match was well played.Yonkers was leading by one point as I looked at the clock and discovered there were but 30 seconds left.‎ Yonkers，having the ball，passed the ball，shot，and missed.New Rochelle recovered the ball，passed the ball，and shot.The ball rolled around the rim(边) but fell off the rim.The fans shouted.New Rochelle，the home team，recovered the ball，and tapped it in.I glanced(瞥见) at the clock and saw that the game was over.The noise was loud.I hadn’t heard the final bell because of it.I checked with the other referee，but he couldn’t help me.‎ I went to the time keeper，a young man of 17 or so.He said，“Mr. Smith，the bell went off as the ball rolled off the rim.”‎ I had to tell Coach O’Brein the sad news.“Dan，” I said，“Time ran out before the final basket was tapped in.Yonkers won the game.”‎ His face clouded over.The young timekeeper came up.He said，“I’m sorry，Dad.Time ran out before the final basket.”‎ In a short time，like the sun coming out from behind a cloud，Coach O’Brein’s face lit up.He smiled，“That’s OK，Joe.You did what you should do.I’m proud of you.”‎ Then he turned to me with a proud smile on his face and said，“He’s my son，Joe.”‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ A basketball game in New York changed my opinion on wins when I served as a referee.(要点1) At the end of the close game，(要点2) the home team seemed to have tapped the ball in the last moment and won the game.(要点3) But that was denied by a young time keeper, who turned out to be the son of a colleague referee’s.(要点4) He made his father extremely proud despite the disappointment at the game result.(要点5) ‎ C 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ In 1971 we were living in Wichita，Kansas—Lincoln was about seven，Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby.Mom was staying with us during the holidays.On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late.I was totally alone with my thoughts，alternating between joy and sorrow，and I started to think about my paper route(往返送报)，that tree，what my mother had said to me and how Dad had tried to ‎ make things better.‎ I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom.She couldn’t sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea—which was her treatment for just about everything.As she waited for the water to boil，she walked into the living room and discovered me there.She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading.When I told her，she asked if I would read it to her and I did.‎ When the kettle began to whistle，she went and made her tea.She came back，and we started to talk.I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so much.It got very quiet for a moment and then she said，“Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money？”‎ ‎“Yes，” I said.“I’ve just been thinking about it, you know.”‎ She hesitated for a long moment，as though she were on the verge of something that was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take surgery to get it out.Finally，great tears started down her face and she cried，“Oh，son，please forgive me.”‎ ‎“That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twentyfive years.I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said.”‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ The passage tells us one of the author’s talks with his mother.(要点1) One Christmas Eve, both the author and his mother couldn’t fall asleep because they remembered something happened 25 years ago when the author bought a tree with his paper route money.(要点2) His mother remembered what she said that day to his father and felt sorry for that.(要点3)‎ D 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago，he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them.As he was purchasing it，the salesgirl said，“Oh，look，the game box hasn’t even been opened yet.That might be worth some money.”‎ Peter examined the box and，sure enough，it was completely covered in factorysealed plastic.And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.‎ ‎“You should put that up for auction(拍卖) on the Internet，and see what happens，” the salesgirl said.‎ ‎“Yes，you’re right.People like something rare，”Peter agreed，“I can’t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”‎ ‎“Don’t forget to tell me if you sell it，” the salesgirl smiled.‎ ‎“No problem，” Peter said.‎ After he got home，Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game.But he couldn’t find it.Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit search.The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game.Over the years，the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors.He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game.Peter emailed some of them，telling them what he had.‎ Two weeks later，Peter went back to the shop.‎ ‎“Hello.Do you still remember the unopened word game？”‎ The salesgirl looked at him for a second，then recognized him and said，“Oh，hi！”‎ ‎“I’ve got something for you，” Peter said.“I sold the game and made $1，000.Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $100 bills.‎ ‎“Wow！” the salesgirl cried out，“Thank you.I never expected it.”‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ One month ago，Peter bought a word game and found it was made about 40 years ago and hadn’t been opened yet，which means it was rare and valuable.(要点1) He followed the salesgirl’s suggestion and put it for auction on the Internet.(要点2) The word game was sold at $1，000 and Peter gave the salesgirl $300 in return.(要点3)‎