【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解之细节理解题学案（江苏专用）

【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解之细节理解题学案（江苏专用）

细节理解题[学生用书P143(单独成册)]‎ ‎(建议用时：25分钟)‎ A ‎(2019·盐城高三二模)Born in the State of New York on May 14th, 1984, Mark Zuckerberg was an instant success. In his high school years, he was considered one of top students in the class, before moving into the arts, sciences, and literature, again picking up high marks and receiving academic praise. It earned him admission to Harvard University.‎ As a rebellious yet relatively quiet student, he created a website called Facemash in the university—an instantly controversial website that encouraged students to rate each other based on appearance.‎ The site was controversial for several reasons. The first was its illegal use of photographs, which the university and students took issue with. The second was its controversial nature—not every student likes being ranked based on their appearance. The third was its huge resource use—while it was hosted on Harvard servers, it was the most popular page in the university’s entire network.‎ Zuckerberg was soon forced to shut the site down, but its popularity and controversy had made him consider its future potential. He soon turned the simple site into a personal one for Harvard students, encouraging them to network with their peers at the college. It was then, together with his two friends, that they launched “The Facebook”， which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a public service that anyone could access in the United States, whether to network with friends and family, or to play games.‎ The company has been criticized frequently, nevertheless, Zuckerberg has remained true to his initial vision—to create a website that the entire world can use to communicate openly and easily with one another and to keep the user experience clean and pure. The end result is one of the world’s biggest online businesses.‎ Although its true value is debatable, it’s safe to say that Facebook, and its creator Mark Zuckerberg, are two of the twentyfirst century’s most influential, controversial, and potentially ‎ powerful figures.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Facebook网站的创始人Zuckerberg创建网站的过程以及他努力克服所遇困难的故事。‎ ‎1．What can we know about Mark Zuckerberg when he was a student?‎ A．He was often praised by teachers for the website he created.‎ B．He had good academic performance.‎ C．He alone created a website called Facebook.‎ D．He encouraged students to set up business like him.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“In his high school years, he was considered one of top students in the class, before moving into the arts, sciences, and literature, again picking up high marks and receiving academic praise.”可知，Mark Zuckerberg在学生时期就有良好的学业表现。故B项正确。‎ ‎ 2.Why did Zuckerberg shut the site down?‎ A．Because his website was not popular.‎ B．Because he was doubted for the way he used photographs.‎ C．Because he needed time to reconsider his choice.‎ D．Because he stole resource on Harvard server.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The first was its illegal use of photographs, which the university and students took issue with.”可知，他关闭该网站的第一个因素就是照片的非法使用。故B项正确。‎ ‎[长难句分析]　It was then, together with his two friends, that they launched “The Facebook”， which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a public service that anyone could access in the United States, whether to network with friends and family, or to play games.(第四段第三句)‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。It was...that 构成强调句；which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The Facebook”；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a public service。‎ 译文：就在那时，他和两个朋友一起推出了“The Facebook”。Facebook迅速传播到其他大学并发展成为一项公共服务。在美国，任何人都可以使用这一服务，无论是用来与朋友和家人联系，还是玩游戏。‎ B While weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions, there’s always the risk that you’ll be caught out while driving in the rain. But the days of having to quickly close your sunroof could soon be a thing of the past thanks to Jaguar Land Rover’s latest technology.‎ The firm is developing cars that can adapt automatically by closing windows and roofs or starting the heater if they detect bad weather is on the way. The weather forecasting system uses a set of air pressure, humidity(湿度) and light sensors(传感器) to help its vehicles predict changes in conditions and adapt to them. Cars equipped with the system could make slight changes to the air conditioning if it finds the weather is getting warmer during a journey or increase the cabin temperature if it will get colder.‎ The forecast may indicate there is a possibility of one or more weather conditions, such as rain, within a period of time, such as five minutes. The vehicle may then adapt to the local weather conditions. In particular, it may close one or more windows, or close a roof of the vehicle in response to a forecast of rain. Similarly windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色的) glass to improve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.‎ Although it’s unclear whether this technology will make its way to a production vehicle anytime soon, such a system would be advantageous on autonomous vehicles. Since there’s no human driver present, the system will allow the vehicle to make it comfortable for its passengers, based on current weather conditions. It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术——天气预报系统。该系统使用了一整套气压、湿度和光线传感器，帮助车辆预测大气状况的变化并加以适应。‎ ‎3．How will Jaguar Land Rover’s latest technology benefit drivers?‎ A．Vehicles can automatically drive themselves.‎ B．Vehicles can find positions and routes themselves.‎ C．Vehicles can act as mobile weather forecasting stations.‎ D．Vehicles can open windows and sunroofs automatically.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The weather forecasting system uses a set of air pressure, humidity(湿度) and light sensors(传感器) to help its vehicles predict changes in ‎ conditions and adapt to them.”可知，捷豹路虎的最新技术可以让车辆像可移动的天气预报站一样，帮助车辆预测天气状况的变化并加以适应，从而造福于驾驶员。故选C。‎ ‎4．What is the feature of the glass of a vehicle with the new technology?‎ A．It can help adjust the temperature.‎ B．It can still be clear in rainy days.‎ C．It is too strong to break into pieces.‎ D．Its colour can change with the sunshine.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Similarly windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色的) glass to improve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.”可知，采用新技术的汽车玻璃的颜色会随着阳光而改变。故选D。‎ ‎5．What can we know about the weather forecasting system from the text?‎ A．It is intelligent enough to stop raining.‎ B．It makes the driver more comfortable.‎ C．It can’t predict the weather accurately.‎ D．It makes autonomous cars safer in bad weather.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.”可知，天气预报系统会使无人驾驶汽车在恶劣天气下更安全。故选D。‎ ‎6．Where might the text be taken from?‎ A．A book review.　　　　　 B．A science report.‎ C．A science fiction. D．A travel brochure.‎ B　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术，因此本文最可能出自科学报道。故选B。‎ ‎[长难句分析]　While weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions, there’s always the risk that you’ll be caught out while driving in the rain.(第一段第一句)‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句；you’ll be caught out while driving in the rain是同位语从句，说明risk的内容。‎ 译文：虽然天气预报员可以做出相当准确的预测，但你还会有在雨中开车时会淋雨的风险。‎ C ‎(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)The United Nations Climate Change Conference takes place next week in Poland. About 20，000 people from 190 countries are expected to take part in the conference. There, world leaders will debate how to limit climate change—the weather events linked to slowly rising temperatures on Earth. They will discuss ways to reduce carbon emissions(排放物) and other pollution which, scientists say, can give rise to longterm changes to our planet.‎ For environmentalists, one area of concern is South America’s Amazon rainforest. Brazil holds about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest. It is also the most biodiverse country on Earth, with more than 56，000 species of plants, 1，700 species of birds, 695 amphibians, 578 mammals, and 651 reptiles. Studies have shown that the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20 percent of Earth’s oxygen.‎ Scientists wonder whether the rainforest will be protected under Brazil’s next president, Jair Bolsonaro, who will take office on January 1, 2019. Bolsonaro has said that his country should withdraw from the 2015 Paris Agreement. Under the agreement, most nations promised to reduce carbon emissions by 37 percent over 2005 levels by the year 2030. The presidentelect claims a mandate(授权) from voters to develop land for agriculture and other purposes. He said that Brazil’s rainforest protection is standing in the way of economic success.‎ Scientists say deforestation is a major reason for climate change. Studies have linked rising temperatures to the destruction of forests. Scientists worry about the future of the Amazon. New Brazilian government records show the speed of deforestation has increased over the past year.‎ Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist at the University of São Paulo, told the Associated Press that it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems. Some scientists call the Amazon “the lungs of the planet”. They liken it to human lungs. Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. The trees also release the oxygen we need to live.‎ The Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest, also creates weather. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots. Then the trees release water vapor into the air. The vapor forms a thick mist, made up of tiny drops of water. These water particles move up into the clouds and later return to earth as rain. Scientists estimate that the Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall.‎ During the election campaign, Bolsonaro promised to ease protection for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native peoples and wildlife. He said the indigenous lands and nature reserves restrict economic growth. “All these reserves cause problems for development，” he said. The presidentelect also talked about taking away the power of Brazil’s environmental ministry to enforce laws for protecting the environment.‎ Paulo Artaxo is a professor of environmental physics at the University of São Paulo. He said that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly—and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet”．‎ However, senatorelect Luiz Carlos Heinze, noted that farmers are not invaders(侵略者), but producers. He blamed the past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers. “Brazil，” he said, “will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro’s years.”‎ Scientists warn that if the Amazon and other rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall and global climate. Nobre and others estimate that the “tipping” point(引爆点) for the Amazon system is 20 to 25 percent deforestation. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，亚马孙热带雨林对整个地球的生态有着举足轻重的作用。其中，约60%的部分位于巴西。而2019年上任的巴西总统Bolsonaro承诺为了发展本国经济将允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，对此很多人感到忧心忡忡。‎ ‎7．What does the author say about the Amazon rainforest?‎ A．It is home to more than 56，000 species of plants.‎ B．It makes up about 60% of Brazil’s rainforests.‎ C．It creates 30 to 50 percent of the world’s rainfall.‎ D．It supplies about 20 percent of the oxygen to Earth.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studies have shown that the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20 percent of Earth’s oxygen”可知，亚马孙热带雨林为地球供应大约20%的氧气。故选D。‎ ‎8．Why does Bolsonaro want to withdraw Brazil from the 2015 Paris Agreement?‎ A．Because he thinks it impossible to achieve.‎ B．Because it is against his promises to his voters.‎ C．Because he thinks it will sacrifice Brazil’s economy.‎ D．Because it will influence Brazil’s rainforest protection.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的亚马孙热带雨林具有吸收二氧化碳和释放氧气的重要作用和第三段中的“Bolsonaro has said that his country should withdraw...He said that Brazil’s rainforest protection is standing in the way of economic success”可知，Bolsonaro想让巴西退出《巴黎协定》是因为这一协定要求巴西减少二氧化碳的排放，这就意味着巴西要保护好其境内的热带雨林，但Bolsonaro认为这种保护会阻碍巴西经济的发展。故选C。‎ ‎9．Which of the following statements may Carlos Nobre agree with?‎ A．The significance of rainforests is to be reevaluated.‎ B．The value of rainforests can not be overemphasized.‎ C．It’s unwise for Brazil to quit the 2015 Paris Agreement.‎ D．It’s wrong to link rainforests to the planet’s living systems.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems”可知，Carlos Nobre认为热带雨林对地球生命系统非常重要。故选B。‎ ‎10．What is Luiz Carlos Heinze’s attitude to Bolsonaro’s campaign promises?‎ A．Doubtful.　　　　　 B．Critical.‎ C．Favorable. D．Concerned.‎ C　解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“He blamed the past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers. ‘Brazil，’ he said, ‘will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro’s years.’”可知，Luiz Carlos Heinze责备先前的巴西政府为了保护热带雨林地区而牺牲了农民的利益，而且他认为在Bolsonaro执政期间，巴西会成为地球上最大的农业国家。由此可推知，他对Bolsonaro的承诺是持赞同态度的。故选C。‎ ‎11．What will probably happen if Bolsonaro’s promises are carried out?‎ A．Native peoples’ shelters will no longer be protected.‎ B．Brazil will surely see a rapid increase in its economy.‎ C．Laws to protect the environment will be strengthened.‎ D．Global warming will worsen because of deforestation.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign ‎ promises, then ‘deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly—and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet’”和最后一段中的“Scientists warn that...global climate.”可知，如果Bolsonaro信守了他的承诺，即为了发展巴西的农业经济，允许农民砍伐更多的树木，这可能会导致亚马孙的森林砍伐量迅速增加，进而对全球气候产生影响，使全球变暖问题恶化。故选D。‎ ‎12．Which is the most suitable title for this passage?‎ A．Are Brazil’s Rainforests in Danger?‎ B．What Threats the Amazon Rainforest?‎ C．Why Is the Amazon Rainforest Important?‎ D．Will Brazil’s Rainforests Survive Climate Change?‎ A　解析：标题归纳题。文章重点讲述2019年上任的巴西总统Bolsonaro承诺为了发展巴西本国的经济要退出《巴黎协定》，允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，这会对全球气候产生恶劣影响。因此很多人对此感到担忧。故A项“巴西的热带雨林处于危险之中吗？”作本文标题最佳。‎