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【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题时态学案(12页word版)
2019届二轮复习语法专题 时态学案 一、一般现在时 ①On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(陕西高考单选改编) 周一早晨去工作我往往需要驱车1小时,尽管实际上只有20英里的距离。 ②I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。 ③You'd better write down her phone number before you forget it.(重庆高考单选改编) 在你忘记之前你最好把她的电话号码写下来。 ④Here comes a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. 现在有一个好机会,你可以利用暑假参加游学活动。 [规律总结] 1.主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语。 2.表示客观规律、事实和永恒真理。 3.在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;条件:if, unless, provided, so/as long as。 4.用于here, there开头的倒装句中,一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 二、一般过去时 ①I'm calling about the apartment you advertised the other day. Could you tell me more about it?(安徽高考单选改编) 我现在打电话是想了解你前几天登广告的那套公寓。你能告诉我关于它更多 的信息吗? ②—Long time no see! Haven't you graduated from college? —Yes. I studied English for four years in Nanjing. ——好久不见!你大学毕业了吗? ——毕业了,我在南京学了四年英语。 ③I always got up late, and never had enough time for breakfast. 我总是起床很晚,从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。 ④I felt very tired when I got home, and I went straight to bed.(重庆高考单选改编) 我到家的时候感到非常累,就直接上床睡觉了。 [规律总结] 1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。 2.表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。 3.表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。 4.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示过去将来的动作。 三、一般将来时 ①I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos in my letter which will help you picture the places I talk about. 我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况,我在信中附有几张照片,能够帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。 ②—Do you know Mr Smith has come to our town? —No. I will go and visit him right now. ——你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗? ——不知道。我现在就去看他。 ③You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 ④Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see the door of faith open before you. 关上你身后的恐惧之门,你将会发现信心之门在你面前敞开。 ⑤The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飞机每星期三、五 2:30起飞。 [规律总结] 1.将来时的构成为will/shall/be going to+动词原形。表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。 2.will, shall表示将来,有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。 3.“be to do” 和“be going to+动词原形”表示“计划、打算要做某事”,此外,be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。 4.“祈使句+and/or+句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。 5.某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情,此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。 四、现在进行时 ①Hurry up, kids! The school bus is waiting for us!(四川高考单选改编) 快点,孩子们!校车正在等我们! ②My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o'clock tomorrow morning. 明天早上十一点我婶婶将离开去上海。 ③Tom is always coming late for meetings, which makes his boss very angry. 汤姆开会老是迟到,这使他的老板很生气。 [规律总结] 1.现在进行时的构成为am/is/are+doing。表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事,虽然此时动作不一定正在进行,常与these days, this week等时间状语连用。 2.现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作,这类动词主要有:go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stop, do等。 3.表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪,常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用。 五、过去进行时 ①He was doing his homework when he heard the scream. 他正在做作业这时他听到了尖叫声。 ②—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I'm so sorry. But I was doing my homework.(湖南高考单选改编) ——我不明白昨天下午你为什么没去听讲座。 ——很抱歉。可我当时在做作业。 ③I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.(江西高考单选改编) 我打算那天晚些时候去看你,但是不得已打电话取消了。 [规律总结] 1.过去进行时的构成为was/were+doing。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 2.表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come等。 六、将来进行时 ①When you arrive, maybe they will be discussing the question. 当你到达时,他们可能正在讨论这个问题。 ②The places of interest in Xi'an attract my family all the time, and I hope we will be enjoying ourselves this time next year. 西安的名胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人,我希望明年的这个时候我们正玩得愉快。 [规律总结] 将来进行时的构成为will+be+doing。表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 七、现在完成时 ①—Have you heard about the recent election? —Sure, it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.(湖南高考单选改编) ——你听说过有关最近选举的事情了吗? ——当然,这已经成为最近三天报道的唯一话题。 ②He will be back before I have finished my work. 我完成工作之前他会回来的。 ③This is the most interesting book I've ever read. 这是我所读过的最有趣的一本书。 ④This is the first time that we have faced such a problem. 这是我们第一次面对这样的问题。 [规律总结] 1.现在完成时的构成为have/has+done。表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词连用。 2.用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作;或者过去发生的动作对目前的影响。 3.在“It (This/That) is the best (worst, most interesting等)+名词+从句”中,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 4.在“It (This/That) is (will be) the first/second/third ... time+that从句”中,that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 八、过去完成时 ①I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.(北京高考单选改编) 我觉得很难听懂这堂讲座了,因为我到的时候它已经开始了。 ②We had wanted to help you, but we were too busy to get away. 我们本来想帮助你的,但忙得脱不开身。 ③Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions. 演讲者一结束他的讲话,观众就不停地向他提问。 ④By the time we got there, the rain had stopped. 到我们到达那儿时,雨已经停了。 ⑤That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。 [规律总结] 1.过去完成时的构成为had+done。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before, after, by, up till),这种时态从来不孤立使用。 2.动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。 3.在“hardly (scarcely)... when ..., no sooner ... than ...”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意思为“一……就……”。 4.by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,主句用过去完成时。 5.表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。 九、将来完成时 ①We shall have moved to the new house by the end of this month. 我们将在本月底搬入新家。 ②—I will have finished my project by the time you come to London. —Great. This way you can act as my guide. ——等你到伦敦时我就把我的工作做完了。 ——太好了。这样你就可以做我的导游了。 [规律总结] 将来完成时的构成为will+have+done。主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成,上下文情景中常含有by短语,如by six o'clock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。 十、现在完成进行时 ①—Tony, why are your eyes red? —I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes.(江西高考单选改编) ——托尼,为什么你的眼睛那么红啊? ——在过去的5分钟里我一直都在切辣椒。 ②The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改进这一方案。 ③Too much has been happening today. 今天真是一个多事的日子。 [规律总结] 1.现在完成进行时的构成为have/has+been+doing。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。 2.表示重复性动作。 3.表示某种感情色彩。 十一、过去完成进行时 ①I walked into the department of licensing and greeted my dad, who had been waiting for me patiently for two hours. (动作不再继续) 我走进驾照办理部门,和父亲打了招呼,此时他在那里已经耐心地等我两个小时了。 ②After searching for half an hour, the man realized that his pen had been lying on the table all the time. (动作仍继续) 寻找了半个小时之后,这个人意识到他的钢笔一直都在桌子上。 [规律总结] 过去完成进行时的构成为had+been+doing。主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间,这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。 常考点一:一般时(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时) 1.(2017·北京高考)—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes.They are happy with it. A.Did you call B.Have you called C.Will you call D.Were you calling 解析:选A 问句句意:你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话,问问他们认为我们的产品怎么样?根据句子中的时间状语yesterday可知,应该使用一般过去时。 2.(2017·江苏高考)He's been informed that he________ for the scholarship because of his academic background. A.hasn't qualified B.hadn't qualified C.doesn't qualify D.wasn't qualifying 解析:选C 句意:他已经被通知,由于他的学术背景,他没能获得奖学金资格。由主句has been informed可知应表示现在时态。由句意可知他现在不合格是客观事实,故用一般现在时。 3.(2018·南京、盐城模拟)“Give me a supportive point ,” Archimedes once said,“ and a place to stand — and I ________ the world .” A.moved B.move C.will move D.would move 解析:选C 阿基米德曾说:“给我一个支点,我就可以撬动地球。”此句含有条件意味,空处应用一般将来时,故选C项。 常考点二:进行时(现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时) 4.(2017·天津高考)I________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A.was driving B.have driven C.would drive D.drove 解析:选A 句意:我正开车去伦敦时,突然发现走错路了。固定句型:be doing sth.+ when ...“正在做某事,就在这时突然……”。 5.(2016·北京高考) Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A.works B.has worked C.was working D.would work 解析:选C 句意:停电的时候,杰克正在实验室工作。根据后面的动词occurred可知,这里指过去某一时刻正在发生的动作,所以用过去进行时。 6.(2018·南京、盐城模拟)—Do you think I'm a good surfer? —Of course! I ________ you earlier. You made it look so easy, graceful even. A.am watching B.was watching C.have watched D.had watched 解析:选B 句意:我过去一直在观察你,你上次冲浪显得很容易,甚至可以说是优雅。本句表示过去一段时间里一直在做的事,故用过去进行时。 7.(2018·南通市高三调研)—Can I visit you next Saturday afternoon, doctor? —Er, let me see ... Oh no, I ________ an operation for the whole afternoon. A.have performed B.have been performing C.will be performing D.will have performed 解析:选C 句意:“医生,下星期六下午我能拜访你吗?”“嗯,让我看看……哦,不行,我整个下午都会在做手术。”根据语境可知,这里表示将来某一时间正在发生的动作,故用将来进行时。 常考点三:完成时(现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时) 8.(2016·浙江高考)Silk ________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. A.had become B.was becoming C.has become D.is becoming 解析:选A 句意:到公元前100年为止,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的 主要商品之一。时间状语是“by+过去时间”,表示过去的过去,谓语用过去完成时。 9.(2016·天津高考) When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I ________ for years. A.didn't see B.haven't seen C.hadn't seen D.wouldn't see 解析:选C 句意:当我沿着街道散步的时候,我遇到了多年未见的老朋友戴维。根据语境可知“not see”这个动作应该发生在came across之前,因此表示发生在过去的某一动作之前,所以用过去完成时。 10.(2016·北京高考) I ________ half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend. A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read 解析:选B 句意:我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半,周末争取看完。根据后面的时态,可知“看小说”这个动作还没有结束,而前半句给我们的暗示是“看小说”这个动作已经开始,所以表示已经发生了,一直延续到现在的动作,应该用现在完成时。 11.(2018·南通市高三调研)When you visit our town next August, a modern sports center ________, for the National Games are to be held then. A.will be constructing B.has been constructing C.will have been constructed D.is being constructed 解析:选C 句意:当你明年八月参观我们的小镇时,一座现代化的体育中心将被建成,届时,全运会将在那里举行。因a modern sports center和construct之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,排除A、B两项;由句意可知,到明年八月,一座现代化的体育中心将被建成,故用将来完成时,表示到将来某一时间某事会完成,故选C。 常考点四:完成进行时(现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时) 12.(2016·江苏高考) Dashan, who ________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition. A.will be learning B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learning 解析:选D 句意:几十年来大山一直努力把中国式的传统喜剧形式——相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。本句的时间状语是“for decades(几十年来)”,该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用,本句强调动作的延续性和反复性,所以用现在完成进行时。 13.(2016·北京高考)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours. A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have been waiting 解析:选D 句意:“打扰了,你们在等哪一部电影?”“《星球大战》,我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。”“for+时间段”与完成时连用,根据语境可知,说话的时候仍然在等,因此用现在完成进行时,故选D。 [解题技法指导] 英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定,因此在学习英语时态时,要注意分析动词形式及具体语境。解题时应特别注意以下几点: 1.把握各种时态的特点,注意易混淆时态之间的差异。 2.准确理解语境意义,捕捉隐含的时间信息。 3.克服惯性思维,排除“假性时间状语”的误导。 4.注意巧变语境,培养发散性思维。 解题时应注意以下步骤: 第一步:定时 做有关时态的试题首先要学会定时,即根据题干内容判断要填的动词是什么时候发生的。是现在、过去、还是将来? 第二步:定体 定完时后,要学会定体。体分为:一般体、进行体、完成体、完成进行体。高考对进行体的考查主要集中在以下几点: ①动作的未完性、暂时性; ②表示计划、安排要做的事; ③表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况; ④表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪,常与always, continually, constantly连用。 [典例] (2015·重庆高考)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat________ cut. A.will have been B.will be C.was D.has been [分析] 选D 句意:在我们家乡,所有的麦子被收割后,总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。根据after判断此处的时间状语从句不能用将来时,因此排除A、B两项。再根据前文的is可知,应该用与现在相关的时态,因此选D。查看更多