【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句学案（8页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句学案（8页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 名词性从句学案 在复合句中起到名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词有： 连词that，whether，if；连接代词和连接副词what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why，how等。‎ 名词性从句可以表示两方面：一个事实，一个问题。问题又分两方面即一般问句和特殊问句，请看下图：‎ 一、主语从句就是做主语的从句。它由 that 和其他疑问词引导。‎ ‎1．That they are rich is true, isn't it? (that 不能省略)‎ ‎2．Where he got it is unknown to us. ‎ ‎3．They lost their way in the woods, and what made matters worse was that night began to fall. ‎ ‎4．Whoever said that was wrong.‎ ‎5．______ ______ _______ ______ _______ ______ ______ (地球围绕太阳转) is a truth. ‎ ‎6．_______ _______ _______ (任何努力学习的人) will pass the exam.‎ ‎7．______ ____ _____ ______(我所告诉你的) just now was what had been written in the letter. ‎ ‎8．_______ ______ _________ _____ _______ _____ _____ ____( 我是接受礼物还是拒绝它)is none of your business.‎ 有时用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句移到后面。其句型有：‎ a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary/important that… 有必要/重要的是……‎ It is obvious that… 很明显……‎ b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that…人们相信……‎ It is known to all that…从所周知……‎ It has been decided that…已决定……‎ c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that………是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……‎ It is a fact that… 事实是……‎ d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that…似乎…… ‎ It happens that…碰巧…… ‎ It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……‎ ‎9. 他没有想到Jack能够把这道题目做出来。It didn’t occur to him ____________________..‎ ‎10. 真奇怪你这样说。It is strange _________________________________________.‎ ‎11. 我们打电话时她刚巧不在。It happens ___________________________________.‎ ‎12. 他好象很害怕。It seemed _________________________________________.‎ ‎13. 英语正被接受为国际的语言，这是事实。It is a fact ______________________________.‎ ‎14. 他不能按时完成工作有关系吗？Does it matter _________________________________ . ‎ 二、表语从句是放在系动词后的名词性从句。‎ ‎15. That is how he did it. He looks as if he were tired.‎ ‎16. The problem remains that we can't get so many recorders.‎ ‎17. China is no longer what it used to be.‎ ‎18. Shenzhen is not ________it was 10 years ago. ‎ The point is ____ we will have our sports meet next week. (A. that B. what C. whether)‎ ‎19. He got his highest marks in the exam. It was all _____ he had worked hard. (A. why B. because)‎ ‎20. Go and get your coat. It is ___ you left it. (A. there B. there where C. where)‎ ‎21. The reason _________________(他为何失败) is ________ he was too careless.‎ ‎22.______________ (问题是) that we haven't collected enough money for the concert. ‎ ‎23. Cigarettes contain nicotine. That is __________________________(抽烟者所需要的). ‎ ‎24.My question is ________________________(你是否已决定了) (可用if吗) ‎ ‎25. This is _________________________________________(Mr. Smith 曾经工作过的地方) ‎ ‎ 三、宾语从句作动词或介词的宾语。‎ ‎26．Do you know _____ ____ ______ (何时何地) the first car factory ____ ______ (工厂建立)?‎ ‎27．____ ____ ____ ____ (你认为谁) is the best one in your class?‎ ‎28．He always _______ ________(考虑) ________he can _______ ______ ________( 他怎样才能提高他的英语水平). ‎ ‎29．You can write about ____________(无论什么) topic you like.‎ ‎30．He made ___quite clear _______ he wouldn't change his mind. ‎ ‎31．You may choose _______ _______ _______ _______(从剩下的东西中). ‎ ‎32．I don't doubt ________ my friend John will come to China soon.‎ ‎33．I doubt __________ he will come or not. ‎ ‎34．I don't think _____ true that he came to the concert yesterday.‎ ‎35．I think he is a dishonest man, _________(反义疑问句)? ‎ 注：(1) 主句的谓语是 make, find , see, hear 等，而且带有复合宾语时，可把宾语从句放在宾补之后，用 it 作形式宾语。‎ ‎(2) 某些 adj. 如 sure, happy, glad, certain 等，以及一些非谓语动词之后可带宾从。‎ ‎(3) 主句的谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以不受限制.主句的谓语动词如果是过去时,则宾语从句的谓语动词通常必须 用过去的各种时态,这叫时态的一致性. ‎ 但有两种情况不受事态一致性的约束,即宾语从句中有具体的时间或讲述的内容是真理、客观事实。 ‎ ‎36. She told her pupils that the earth is round. (不用was)‎ 四、同位语从句跟在名词的后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。可带同位语从句的名词是一些可加进具体内容的表示信息，思想等概念的名词，如 fact, news, idea, promise, truth, story等。‎ 注：同位语从句与前面的名词是等同关系。连接词有 that 和其它疑问词，that 在句中不做成分，不能省略。‎ Translate the underlined section into Chinese:‎ ‎37. The news that our team has won encourages us.‎ ‎38. I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.‎ ‎39. They are trying to reduce the patient's fear that he would die of the disease.‎ ‎40. Word came that our volleyball team beat the Japanese team. ‎ ‎41. Do you have any hope that they will come?‎ ‎42. I have no idea how disabled people earn their living.‎ ‎ Grammar (2) ‎ 一、名词性从句中的几个重要问题： ‎ ‎1．连接词可分为三类：‎ 连接词： that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why ‎2. 不可省略连词的情况： 1) 介词后的连词 2) 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。‎ ‎3 比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 ‎ 在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：‎ ‎1) whether引导主语从句并在句首。在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether；2) 引导表语从句 ；3) 引导同位语从句；4) 引导介词宾语从句 ；5）引导让步状语从句；6) 后面紧接 “or not” 或动词不定式.‎ ‎4. 比较名词性that-从句与名词性what-从句 ‎1）名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。‎ 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.　‎ 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.　‎ 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. ‎ 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. ‎ 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. ‎ ‎2）名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。wh-词 在从句中担当成分 主语：How the book will sell depends on its author. （ how 在从句中作 ______ 语）‎ 直接宾语：In one’s own home one can do what one likes. （what 在从句中作 ______ 语）‎ 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. （whoever 在从句中作 ______ 语）‎ 表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.‎ 宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.（whatever 在从句中作 _____ 语）‎ 同位语：I have no idea when he will return. ‎ 形容词宾语：I’m not sure why she refused their invitation. （why 在从句中作 ______ 语）‎ 介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go. ‎ ‎6．名词性从句中的否定的转移：‎ ‎1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。‎ I don't think I know you.　 I don' t believe he will come.　‎ 注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。‎ I hope you weren't ill. ‎ ‎2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。‎ It doesn't seem that they know where to go.‎ It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.‎ 名词性从句的引导词 一、that从句 ‎1．做主语 ‎1）如果主语从句较长，常采用形式主语的it.‎ ‎2）在it结构中that可省可不省，但主语从句位于句首时不能省that。‎ ‎3）下面两种句型也被视为主语从句：‎ ‎① It + 过去分词 + that从句，常用的过去分词是，said，reported，thought，hoped，believed等；‎ ‎② It + seem（=appear）/ happen + that, seem作“好像”解，而happen在这儿作“碰巧”解。‎ ‎2．做宾语 关于否定的转移 下列这些动词做谓语时，其后的that从句如带有否定意义，通常用否定词not来否定这些谓语动词本身，think，believe，expect，guess，imagine，suppose。如：‎ I don’t think he knows it. ‎ 这时在反意疑问句中，其后的动词仍采用肯定形式：‎ I don't think he knows it, does he? ‎ ‎3．做表语：如果句子不太复杂that可以不用。‎ ‎4．做同位语：做同位语时，that从句很像定语从句，二者区别详见“定语从句”。‎ ‎5．用在某些形容词之后：that一词可用可不用。‎ 二、wh-从句 ‎1．疑问性wh-从句 引导疑问性从句的连词由疑问代词和疑问副词充当。疑问性wh—从句的特点及与that从句的区别：‎ ‎1）任何一个wh-连词都有自己的含义（包括whether），而that却没有，它仅起一个语法符号的作用；‎ ‎2）wh-从句可做介词宾语，而that从句一般不能，这是两者的重要区别。‎ ‎2．关系性wh-从句 常用的引导关系性wh-从句的连词有：what，whatever，whoever，whichever，where，wherever等。其中的what和where既可以是疑问性的也可以是关系性的。关系性wh-从句的特点及其与疑问性wh-从句的区别如下：‎ ‎1）语法特点 疑问性wh-从句是由特殊疑问句而来（whether引导的从句由一般疑问句而来），由于有疑问的含义所以有人称之为“间接疑问句”。He asked me who had broken the window可理解为：He asked me, “Who has broken the window?” 而关系性wh-从句的whoever则没有疑问的意思，whoever的意思为：① the person who，② anyone who。如：We’ll punish whoever has broken the window. 意为：①“我们将惩罚那个打碎玻璃的人”。②“我们将惩罚每一个打碎玻璃的人”。what和where则没有这种“双重含义”。‎ ‎2）句法特点 疑问性wh-从句的连词只在从句中充当成分，而关系性wh-从句的连词不仅在从句中充当成分，而且也充当主句中的某一成分。见上述例句：who只在从句中做主语，而whoever不仅做punish的宾语，也充当从句的主语，即“双重功能”。这是两种从句的根本区别。‎ wh-ever这一类连词，还可以引导状语从句，“不管……”、“不论……”，这将在副词性从句中讨论 Grammar (3) ‎ Multiple choices for Noun clauses:‎ ‎1.They lost their way in the forest and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.‎ A. that B. this C. what D. which ‎ ‎2.—I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.‎ ‎ -- _______ it made me nearly mad.‎ A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break ‎3.______ you go or stay at home won't make any difference.‎ A. If B. When C. That D. Whether ‎4. Is _____ you told me really true? ‎ A. what B. which C. that D. when ‎5. It’s well known ______ the earth moves round the sun.‎ A. when B. why C. what D. that ‎6.________ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.‎ A. What B. Where C. If D. That ‎7.____ is known to all that WTO stands for World Trade Organization.‎ A. Which B. What C. As D. It ‎8. ____he doesn't like them is very clear. ‎ A. What B. That C. Which D. Where ‎9. It is no longer a question now ________ man can travel in space.‎ A. which B. that C. whether D. what 以上均为_____从句。特点：1.在句中充当___语。‎ ‎2._____不充当任何成分，无任何意义，但____省。‎ ‎3. 常用___充当形式主语。固定句型有哪些？‎ ‎10．The question is ______ the film is worth seeing.‎ A. if B. whether C. what D. how ‎11．This is ______. ‎ A. how did they get to the city B. what did they get to the city C. how they got to the city D. what they got to the city ‎12. It looks ______ it's going to rain. ‎ A. that B. as C. as if D. that ‎13. The problem is not ___ we leave, but ____ we can get there.‎ A. when; how B. when; where C. how; which D. where; when ‎14. What I asked him is ____ the story happened. ‎ A. when and what B. what and where ‎ C. which and where D. when and where ‎15. The reason for his success is _______ he worked hard. ‎ A. why B. that C. because D. for ‎16. The truth is ___ he doesn't work hard enough. ‎ A. why B. what C. that D. which ‎17. The reason why he was late was ____ he had taken a wrong bus.‎ A. because B. whether C. because if D. that ‎18. Einstein’s most famous theory is ____ we call the Theory of relativity.‎ A. what B. that C. which D. /‎ ‎19. To tell you the truth, this is _____ in the world.‎ A. which I have B. that I have C. what I have D. whether I have ‎20. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel , David Copperfield, was _______ it was rather closely ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.‎ A. what B. that C. why D. whether ‎21. This museum is not ______ it was ten years ago.‎ A. that B. when C. which D. what ‎22.—Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game? —Oh，that’s ____.‎ A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited ‎23.The mountain is no longer ________it used to be.‎ A. which B. that C. as D. what 以上均为_____从句。特点：1)在____动词之后 2) ______通常不能省略 ‎24. Do you doubt ________ I believe you?‎ A. that B. which C. whether D. if ‎25. I know nothing about the accident but ________ a car ran over a small boy.‎ A. how B. that C. when D. why ‎26. Nobody but Jim and his uncle _____. ‎ A. know who is he B. know who he is ‎ C. knows who is he D. knows who he is ‎27. I didn't know what _____. ‎ A. was the matter B. is the matter C. matter was D. the matter is ‎ ‎28. We have plenty of books here. You may take _____ you like .‎ A. in which B. from which C. whichever D. that ‎29. It depends on ______ we have enough time.‎ A. if B. weather C. if or not D. whether ‎30. – How do you like the address Hu Jintao delivered at the Asian APEC in 2009?‎ ‎ -- Great. I take ______ that he spoke of the physical security measures.‎ A. all B. it C. one D. this ‎31. I want to buy some stamps. Can you tell me _____ near here?‎ A. if there's a post office B. is there a post office C. where is the post office D. whether is there a post office ‎32. What we have seen is different from _______.‎ A. we heard B. we have heard ‎ C. what we heard D. what we have heard ‎33. I couldn't agree with _____ at the meeting.‎ A. that you said B. which you said ‎ C. all what you said D. what you said ‎34. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly ______.‎ A. where he had paid for it B. what he had paid for it C. what he was paid for it D. which he had paid for it ‎35. We are asked ___ we think the likely result of an action will be.‎ A. that B. what C. which D. whether ‎36. We know little about the young lady except ________you told me.‎ A. what B. that C. how D.不填 ‎37. I know nothing about her except ________she is from Canada.‎ A. how B. when C. that D. why 以上均为_____ 从句。注意：1) 主句是过去时，从句_________.2) 形式宾语___‎ ‎3) 不仅可以有动词，还可以有______和______宾语从句。4)否定转移的情况 ‎ ‎38. We were all very worried over the fact _____ you were ill.‎ A. that B. what C. which D. about which ‎39. The news ____ Lincoln was murdered filled the American people’s hearts with deep sorrow.‎ A. which B. when C. that D. how ‎40. You have no idea_______ for her safety. ‎ A. how anxious I have been B. so anxious I have been ‎ C. how I have been anxious D. I have been so anxious ‎41. Word came ________ Fei Junlong had succeeded in walking in space.‎ A. that B. why C. where D.who ‎42.The fact________ she works hard is well known to us all.‎ A. that B. what C. why D. which 以上均为______从句。 思考：与定语从句的区别？‎ 答案 grammar (1)‎ ‎5. That the earth travels around the sun; 6. Whoever works hard; 7. What I told you;8.Whether I should accept the gift or not; 9. that Jack could work out the problem 10. that you (should) say so; 11. that she was out ‎ when we called.; 12 that he was frightened; 13. that English is being accepted as an international language; 14. if he can't finish the job on time? ‎ ‎18.what A 19. B 20.C 21. why he failed; that; 22. The problem is ; 23. what the smokers need; 24. whether you’ve made up your mind; 25. where Mr. Smith once worked; ‎ ‎26. when and where; was established; 27. Who do you think; 28. thinks of how; improve his English; 29. whatever; 30. it; that; 31. from what’s left behind;32. that; 33. if/whether; 34. it; 35. isn’t he? ; ‎ ‎37.我们队已赢得比赛这条消息；38. 如果谁能释放我，我将让他十分富有；39. 他将死于疾病的恐惧；40我们排球对打败了日本队；41. 他们（将）会来；42. 残疾人是如何谋生（或维持生计）的。 ‎ Grammar (3)1-5 CADAD 6-10DDBCB 11-15CCADB 16-20CDACB 21-25DADAB 26-30DACDB 31-35ADDBB 36-42ACACA AA