【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法部分专题三基础点课时第3讲形容词和副词

【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法部分专题三基础点课时第3讲形容词和副词

第3讲　形容词和副词 形容词和副词为高考的必考点，从功能上来说，形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，作定语或表语，而副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，作状语。在语法填空和短文改错中形容词和副词的比较等级及形容词和副词之间的转化为重点考查方向。‎ 考点感悟 语法填空 语法填空中主要考查形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较等级、形容词和副词的词性转换等。‎ 感1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many ________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ________ (huge) popular with tourists.‎ 答案：traditional; hugely　所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional；第二空所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。‎ ‎2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are so proud of her. It's ________ (wonder).‎ 答案：wonderful　系动词is后跟形容词作表语。‎ ‎3.(2019·浙江宁波高三模拟)Gaokao, which is held across China in June, is ________ (increase) accepted by universities in Australia, the US, Canada and mainland Europe. ‎ 答案：increasingly　句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，逐渐地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲大陆的大学所接受。此处accepted是动词，由副词来修饰。increasingly “逐渐地，越来越多地”。‎ ‎4.(2018·浙江高考)There could be an even ________ (high) cost on your health.‎ 答案：higher　根据空前的even可知应用比较级。‎ 悟1.学会判断是否用比较等级　当所给的提示词为形容词或副词，分析句子成分后，发现词性不需要改变，就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级：暗示比较意义、有比较结构或有比较级修饰词时要用比较级；三者、三者以上进行比较或有修饰最高级的词时用最高级。‎ ‎2.学会判断是否为词性转化　此种类型的解题关键在于要学会分析所给提示词在句子中应作的成分：如果作定语、表语或补足语，那么要填形容词(此时给的提示词通常为名词或动词)；如果作状语，那么就要填副词(此时所给提示词通常为形容词)。‎ 短文改错 短文改错中主要考查形容词和副词的比较等级、它们本身或它们之间的错用的情况。‎ 感1.(2019·湖南长沙雅礼中学高三一模)This was the better thing I could have done.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：better→best　根据the再结合句意可知，句子用最高级。‎ ‎2.(2019·黑龙江大庆一中高三模拟)They just smiled and made friend gestures.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：friend→friendly　gesture为名词，需要形容词修饰，故friend改为friendly。‎ ‎3.(2019·河南郑州高三质量预测)Secondly, we'd better try our best to study hard and build a solid foundation, and then we'll feel confidence of winning by then.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：confidence→confident　此处应用形容词作系动词feel的表语。‎ ‎4.(2019·广东六校高三联考)I stood there for five minutes without saying anything, which made me feel very embarrassing.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：embarrassing→embarrassed　－ed形容词说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”，－ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，此处说明主语的感受，故用－ed形式的形容词。‎ ‎5.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：larger→large　根据语意判断此处并无比较意义，应用形容词的原级。‎ 悟1.通过判断句子成分确定词性误用　一定要知道形容词和副词分别可以修饰什么(参左栏 2，这是解题非常有效的手段)‎ ‎2.牢记易混的形容词和副词　高考中常将意近意反或意重、形近或相像的易混词作为考查方向，因此要牢记才行(参考考点素能三)。‎ 考点素能 一 使用比较级的常见情况 ‎1．直接型 ‎(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。‎ ‎(2)当空格前有表示程度的词如much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal等标志性词汇时，需填比较级。‎ ‎2．间接型 ‎(1)要根据隐含的信息做出判断。‎ ‎(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than和有表示程度的词，而是根据语境判断出用比较级。‎ ‎3．“the＋比较级 ... the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……越……”‎ ‎4．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.‎ 为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。‎ 注意：①比较级的重复：如果形容词或副词后面加了－er，前面就不能再用more；②固定结构中比较级的应用，如what's more, what's worse等。‎ 二 使用最高级的常见情况 ‎(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”时，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。‎ ‎(2)当空格前有the second/third ..., one of ... 等词时，需填最高级。‎ ‎(3)形容词最高级前的修饰语通常有序数词以及by far, almost, nearly等。‎ 注意：有些词本身就含有最高级的含义，不可再用最高级，如favorite, wonderful, exhausted等。‎ 三 易用错的形容词和副词 ‎1．以－ly结尾的形容词 如friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等。‎ ‎2．形近的词 如close (通常指距离上的靠近)→closely (仔细地；接近地)；hard (努力地，费力地)→ hardly (几乎不)；most (最，非常)→ mostly (一般地，主要地)等。‎ ‎3．意近、意反或意重的词 如many和much都表示很多，但前者修饰可数名词复数，而后者修饰不可数名词；ago和before都表示“以前”，但前者所指的时间从现在算起，常用一般过去时，而后者所指的时间从过去算起，常用于过去完成时；however和therefore，前者表示转折，而后者表示因果，两者正相反；so和very表达同一含义，故不能同时使用。‎ ‎4．相像的词 如表示宽(wide)、高(high)、深(deep)、慢(slow)等词，本身就为副词，加上－ly还是副词，但前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。‎ ‎5．以－ed和－ing结尾的形容词的区别 解决此类问题一要看语境是“令人……的(－ing)”还是“感到……的(－ed)”，二要看说明的是性质特征(－ing)还是感受(－ed)。‎ 四 常见形容词和副词的变化规律 ‎1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀 ‎①－al 如music(al), origin(al), person(al), form(al), nation(al), centre(central), nature(natural)‎ ‎②－ful 如hope(ful), harm(ful), help(ful), peace(ful), care(ful), use(ful)‎ ‎③－able 如accept(able), comfort(able), fashion(able), suit(able), reason(able)‎ ‎④－ible 如access(ible), horror(horrible), terror(terrible)‎ ‎⑤－ive 如act(ive), effect(ive), attract(ive), impress(ive), instruct(ive), expense(expensive)‎ ‎⑥－ous 如continue(continuous), anxiety(anxious), caution(cautious), curiosity(curious), humor(humorous)‎ ‎⑦－y 如health(y), wealth(y), dirt(y), rain(y), cloud(y), sun(ny), taste(tasty)‎ ‎⑧－ic 如science(scientific), economy(economic), history(historic)‎ ‎⑨－some/－ish/－ary/－ern 如tire(some), trouble(some), fool(ish), self(ish), imagine(imaginary), east(ern)‎ ‎⑩－ed/－ing这类词一般为表示心理、表情的词，如scare, confuse, puzzle, worry, excite, bore, surprise, convince, satisfy，以－e结尾直接加d或将e去掉再加－ing，以－y结尾则直接加－ing或把y变i再加－ed，它们用法区别参考上文“三”中的第5条即可。‎ ‎2．形容词变副词的规则 ‎过关检测(限时：30分钟)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．As they couldn't play outdoors, they were ________ (happy), and some even got into fights from time to time.‎ 答案：unhappy ‎2．We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remembering to record something ________ (impress) and meaningful.‎ 答案：impressive ‎3．And if he wants to live ________ (comfort), he has to work hard.‎ 答案：comfortably ‎4．You haven't changed at all—you still look ________ (exact) the same as before.‎ 答案：exactly ‎5．Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies, but students themselves think ________ (different)．‎ 答案：differently ‎6．I think you'll get a bit ________ (fat) by then. By the way, is there anything I can do for you?‎ 答案：fatter ‎7．Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six ________ (health) cities is Copenhagen‎, ‎Denmark.‎ 答案：healthiest ‎8．Just imagine how ________ (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.‎ 答案：terribly ‎9．The sun is a lot ________ (big) and ________ (bright) than the moon.‎ 答案：bigger; brighter ‎10．There are only a third ________ many trees as ten years ago on the hill.‎ 答案：as Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I am real proud of my brother.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：real→really ‎2．Similar, people prefer movies that reflect their mood.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：Similar→Similarly ‎3．While taking exams, we'd better plan our time careful.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：careful→carefully ‎4．It was the first time that I had played on the stage in front of such many people.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：such→so ‎5．Anxious and tiring all day, he carried that heavy jewelry, afraid of being robbed or murdered.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：tiring→tired ‎6．I am deep moved by what he has done for me in recent years.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：deep→deeply ‎7．That sounds wonderfully as collecting stamps is my hobby as well.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：wonderfully→wonderful ‎8．I have finally made up my mind to go to America for farther study after graduation.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：farther→further ‎9．This book isn't as cheaper as that one.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：cheaper→cheap ‎10．The Yellow River is the second longer river in China.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：longer→longest Ⅲ.语法填空 The novel behind the popular television drama In the Name of People has sold out in bookstores, __1__ online and hard copies, around the nation. __2__ (write) by Zhou Meisen and published in January, the 54－chapter novel __3__ (focus) on Chinese politics and officialdom (官僚作风) in the ongoing campaign against corruption (腐败). Audiences to the television version that consists of 55 episodes, have been drawn __4__ (watch) the series by the tension, drama and struggle of characters featured. Since the TV __5__ (adapt) has been a slow release, many viewers have bought a copy of the __6__ (origin) book to get ahead. According to Baidu Index, a majority of readers are between 25 and 39, and those __7__ (age) 30 to 39 cover 51 percent of the readership.‎ ‎ Yet those __8__ haven't got the book may find __9__ difficult to buy the paper copy at present. And popularity of the book is __10__ many sellers' expectation.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了电视剧《人民的名义》的热播导致原版书脱销。‎ ‎1．both　考查代词。此处是both ... and ...用法，表示“二者都……”，故填both。‎ ‎2．Written　考查非谓语动词。句中主语the 54－chapter novel和动词write之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填Written。‎ ‎3．focuses　考查动词的时态。此处指In the Name of People这本书所描述的客观事实，用一般现在时，故填focuses。‎ ‎4．to watch　考查非谓语动词。句意：观众们被这部55集的电视剧吸引，来观看该剧的紧张气氛、戏剧和人物之间的斗争。句中用不定式作目的状语，故填to watch。‎ ‎5．adaption　考查词性转换。此处是名词形式作主语，指电视改编本，故填adaption。‎ ‎6．original　考查词性转换。此处用形容词修饰名词book，故填original。‎ ‎7．aged　考查词性转换。aged 30 to 39指30到39岁的人，此处aged是形容词修饰those，意为“……岁的”，故填aged。‎ ‎8．who　考查定语从句的引导词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是those指人，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词引导，故填who。‎ ‎9．it　考查代词。句中it作动词find的形式宾语，difficult是宾补，不定式to buy the paper copy at present作真正的宾语，故填it。‎ ‎10．beyond　考查介词。此处指这本书比销售者预想的更畅销，beyond sb.'s expectation “出乎某人的预料”，故填beyond。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019·郑州一中高三模拟)Last Saturday I saw the worse weather in years. In the morning, the sun was completely blocked so that I could see everything clearly. I stayed at home, look outside. Suddenly, a flash of lightning came into the sight. Seconds later, the noise of thunder broke the silent. Then a strong wind starts to blow into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk was blown high into the air and some flew out the open window. I was about to close the window while big drops of rain began to fall. It rained hardly and nearly broke my window.‎ What bad weather! I hate it because I can't go out to play.‎ 答案：‎ Last Saturday I saw the weather in years. In the morning, the sun was completely blocked so that I could see clearly. I stayed at home, outside. Suddenly, a flash of lightning came into sight. Seconds later, the noise of thunder broke the . Then a strong wind to blow into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk blown high into the air and some flew out the open window. I was about to close the window big drops of rain began to fall. It rained and nearly broke my window.‎ What bad weather! I hate it because I can't go out to play.‎