【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解事实细节典题10篇练与析（含有详细解析）学案（16页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解事实细节典题10篇练与析（含有详细解析）学案（16页word版）

2018 届二轮复习阅读理解事实细节典题 10 篇练与析 【一】 When 19yearold Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the MakeAWish Foundation (基金会), nobody understood what she was talking about. But Sophia knew just how important Make AWish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends. We were interested in finding out more, so we went along to meet Sophia and listen to what she had to say. Sophia told us that MakeAWish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.“It's a charity ( 慈 善 机 构 ) that helps children who have got very serious illnesses.MakeAWish helps children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true，” Sophia explained. We asked Sophia how MakeAWish had first started.She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris, who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman.Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris's dream come true — so, with everybody's help, Chris, only seven years old at the time, had been a “policeman” for a day.“When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of MakeAWish，” explained Sophia. Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time.A MakeAWish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can. 语篇解读：本文为记叙文。文章通过圆梦基金会的一名 19 岁的志愿者 Sophia Giorgi 介 绍了该基金会的创建原因、宗旨、服务对象和方式等。 64．Sophia found out about MakeAWish because her best friend had ________. A．benefited from it B．volunteered to help it C．dreamed about it D．told the author about it 解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“But Sophia knew just how important MakeAWish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.”可知选 A。 65．According to Sophia, MakeAWish ________. A．is an international charity B．was understood by nobody at first C．raises money for very poor families D．started by drawing the interest of the public 解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Sophia told us that MakeAWish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.‘It's a charity (慈善机构) that helps children who have got very serious illnesses ... come true，’Sophia explained.”可知答案。 66．What is said about Chris in Paragraph 3? A．He has been a policeman since he was seven. B．He gave people the idea of starting MakeAWish. C．He wanted people to help make his dream come true. D．He was the first child MakeAWish helped after it had been set up. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris, who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman.”以及下 文中的“When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of MakeAWish”可知答案为 B。 67．Which of the following is true about MakeAWish volunteers? A．They are important for making wishes come true. B．They try to help children get over their illnesses. C．They visit sick children to make them feel special. D．They provide what is necessary to make MakeAWish popular. 解析：选 A 正误判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.”可知 A 正确。 【二】 One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装). On September 11th. 1958. Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying. "I promised you a gift, and here it is. " What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories. 1 told it over and over how much I loved it! One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as "hopeless", "pitiful", and "dying", which sounded ominous. Christmas was coming. "Don’t expect any presents this year." Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. "If your baby brother lives, that'll be Christmas enough. " As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I'd never seen him cry before. The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it. From my bedroom I heard him say. "What? He's all right?" He hung up and shouted upstairs. " The hospital said we can bring Richard home!" "Thank God.'" I heard Mum cry. From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them happy. And I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I downstairs. My sacks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love! 【考点】记叙文——日常生活类 【文章大意】短文介绍了作者深爱的小弟弟因病住院，情况不容乐观。在圣诞节即将来临之 际，全家人正在为此感到悲伤难过时，来自医院的电话给全家人带来了好消息，作者的弟弟 康复了，作者认为这是圣诞节最为特别的礼物。 56. what happened to the author on September 11 1958 ? A He got a baby brother B He got a Christmas gift C He became four years old D He received a doll 56.【答案】A 【试题解析】根据短文第 2 段开头可知，作者的母亲在 1958 年 9 月 11 日生了一个男孩，也 就是作者得到了一个小弟弟。因此，正确答案为 A 选项。 【难度】较易 57.What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A. Impossible. B. Boring C. Difficult D. Fearful 57.【答案】D 【试题解析】根据短文第 3 段，划线词前面提到“‘hopeless’, ‘pitiful’，and ‘dying’”。由此可猜 测 D 选项的词义与划线词一致。因此，正确答案为 D 选项。 【难度】一般 58. Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming? A. Excitement. B. Happiness. C. Sadness. D. Disappointment. 58【答案】C 【试题解析】根据短文，在圣诞节即将来临之际，作者的弟弟仍然在住院而且情况不容乐观， 为此，作者的父亲感到悲伤。因此，正确答案为 C 选项。 【难度】容易 59. What is the passage mainly about ? AA sad Christmas day B Life with a lovely baby C. A special Christmas gift. D. Memories of a happy family 59.【答案】C 【试题解析】作者以一个特别的圣诞礼物为中心线索来展开故事情节，因此，最佳标题应该 是“A special Christmas gift.”。因此，正确答案为 C 选项。 【难度】一般 【三】 语篇解读：本文为应用文。文中介绍了 Lam Tin Youth Centre 和 Kwun Tong High School 组织的庆祝中国蛇年的活动的相关内容。 31．What you have just read is a ________. A．note B．report C．schedule D．poster 解析：选 D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一张海报，主要介绍了庆祝新年活动 的日期、时间、地点、节目等相关内容。所以答案为 D 项。 32．What is going to take place on 2 February, 2013? A．A big event to welcome a Chinese new year. B．A social gathering to raise money for wildlife. C．A party for close friends to meet and have fun. D．A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students. 解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据文中的“To celebrate the Year of the Snake”可知，2013 年 2 月 2 日将举行庆祝中国农历新年的活动。 33．How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together? A．$20. B．$40. C．$60. D．$80. 解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据文中的“Fee: $20(buy three get one free)”可知四个人的费 用为$60。 34．Which of the following statements is true? A．Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School. B．It's unnecessary to take soft drinks with you. C．Free digital cameras are provided for everybody. D．Festival food will be served without extra charge. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据文中的“Free Soft Drinks”可知，该活动免费提供软饮料， 所以选 B。 【四】 Joshua, Helmut, and Bethlehem Michelle O．Donovan ISBN 9781462058679 Life is not easy for nineyearold Joshua during World War Ⅱ.Because of his family's Jewish background, they are sent to live in the concentration camps (集中 营)．Scared and alone, Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend. More Things in Heaven Bill Bosworth ISBN 9780595433582 In his More Things in Heaven, Bill Bosworth presents the highlights of his 83 years of life, including his trips to India and the study of the writings of several great spiritual leaders. More Things in Heaven will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experiences. Encourage Me！ Inspirational Poetry Gloria Coykendall ISBN 9781412027854 It is an easytoread collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith and to be a cure for chronic depression (长期抑郁) ...cure to strengthen identity and purpose. Creation or Evolution Michael Ebifegha ISBN 9781450289023 Were humans created, or did they evolve? How old is the Earth? The debate between science and religion continues to be heated.In Creation or Evolution, Michael Ebifegha examines these two opposed world views within the structure of empirical(实证的) science. Seeking the Edge Dr.Joseph L．Rose ISBN 9781462031795 Seeking the Edge provides the tools and techniques to find that edge in one's life — driving readers to achieve success whether in your current job, finding a new job, in education, family, or even hobbies. 语篇解读：这是一篇应用文，介绍了五本书的一些相关信息。 46．Who wrote the story about a little boy and a little mouse? A．Bill Bosworth. B．Michelle O．Donovan. C．Dr.Joseph L．Rose. D．Gloria Coykendall. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据 Joshua, Helmut, and Bethlehem 这本书的介绍中的 “nineyearold Joshua”“Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse”可知答案为 B。 47．The ISBN for the book of poems is ________. A．9781462031795 B．9781412027854 C．9780595433582 D．9781462058679 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据 Encourage Me！的介绍中的“It is an easytoread collection of poems”可知，这是一本诗集，它的书号是 ISBN 9781412027854。故答案为 B。 48．What kind of readers will probably like reading More Things in Heaven? A．Those who are searching for the meaning of life. B．Those who are trying to be spiritual leaders. C．Those who study the art of writing. D．Those who like traveling abroad. 解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据 More Things in Heaven 的介绍中的“More Things in Heaven will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experiences.”可知，这本书将吸引那些坚持寻找生命的意义的人。故答案为 A。 49．Which of the following books explores the origin of humans? A．Seeking the Edge. B．Creation or Evolution. C．Joshua, Helmut, and Bethlehem. D．More Things in Heaven. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据 Creation or Evolution 的介绍中的“Were humans created, or did they evolve？”可知，这本书探索了人类的起源。故答案为 B。 【五】 According to sociologists ( 社 会 学 家 ), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification (阶层)．Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society. Class means a person's economic position in society.A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class.Interestingly, a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class! Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise (行使) big power, but people who take orders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however.For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相应的) economic class.Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge, there aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U．S.Senate! Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in society.It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so.For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others. 语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们在现代工业社会中的阶级、权力以及 社会地位。 54．What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2? A．People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class. B．Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class. C．People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class. D．Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class.”可知，将近一半的美国人属于中 产阶级。 55．According to the text, we know that ________. A．power and class do not always correspond with each other B．status refers to a person's economic position in society C．people with high status have a lot of control over others D．class is less important in deciding a person's social rank 解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Power and class do not always go hand in hand” 可知，权力和阶级并不总是一致的。 56．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? (P：Paragraph) 解析：选 A 文章结构题。根据文章的结构来看，文章首先在第一段总述了“Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.”，然后分别在第二、三、四段说明 了 class, power 以及 status。故答案为 A。 【六】 In my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (开花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy.I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky.The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program.Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area. Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area.To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain.In the eightmile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times.Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing.The poverty level was shocking. The small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness. From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom ( 忧 郁 ) disappeared.Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen.The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects.Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch)．In case you don't know, poke greens are a weedtype plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground. Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students.Her enthusiasm never cooled down.When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready.She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.Afterward, she invited me to the oneandonly steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph.D.degree.After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand.She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things. 语篇解读：Dorothy 在一所条件非常差的学校取得了很大的成功，这说明一个人取得成 功与他在什么地方没有关系，最重要的是付出怎样的努力。 61．“Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________. A．a program directed by Dorothy B．a course given by the author C．an activity held by the students D．an organization sponsored by Union College 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第三、四句可知，Early Childhood Development 是作者教的一门课程。 62．In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing ________. A．the long track B．the poor houses C．the same train D．the winding road 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“The small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.”可知，又小又破烂的房子是作者感到最为失望的地方，因 此 B 项正确。 63．Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by ________. A．a warm welcome B．the sight of poke greens C．Dorothy's latest projects D．a big dinner made for her 解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句可知，一到 Dorothy 的教室，作者就 受到热烈的欢迎，这使作者的忧虑消失了，因此 A 项正确。 64．What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph? A．She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant. B．She got a pen as a gift from the author. C．She passed the required assessment. D．She received her Ph.D.degree. 解析：选 C 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到 Dorothy 在面试时准备充分，而由“in the area to celebrate her victory”可知 Dorothy 已经通过了评估。 65．What does the author mainly intend to tell us? A．Whatever you do, you must do it carefully. B．Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment. C．However poor you are, you have the right to education. D．Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement. 解析：选 D 主旨大意题。文章通过讲述 Dorothy 在极其恶劣的环境下取得成功的故事 来说明，一个人不管在什么地方只要付出努力都能取得成功，因此 D 项正确。 【七】 We've reached a strange — some would say unusual — point.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. It's the good life that's more likely to kill us these days. Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.What's going on? We really don't have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through — up to a point. In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A publichealth campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades. Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks as the world's most bodyconscious country. We know what we should be doing to lose weight — but actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower. Others blame good food.They say: it's just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much Americanstyle fast food. Some also blame their parents — their genes.But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because they're normal in shape, or rather slim. It's a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I say — not as I do. 语篇解读：这是一篇议论文。这个世界真奇怪，一方面，我们在与全球性饥饿问题作斗 争，另一方面，肥胖却成为人类健康的杀手。 59.What is the “strange” point mentioned in the first sentence? A．The good life is a greater risk than the bad life. B．Starvation is taking more people's lives in the world. C．WHO report shows people's unawareness of food safety. D．Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHO's efforts. 解析：选 A 细节理解题。第一段指出一个奇怪的现象：一方面，WHO 的报告表明应 对世界性的饥饿问题至关重要，另一方面，因肥胖而死的人比因过瘦而死的人多，由此判断 选 A“生活太好带来的危害比生活太苦带来的危害更大”。B 项意为“饥饿使世界上更多的人死 去”，C 项意为“WHO 的报告表明人们没有意识到食品安全问题”，D 项意为“尽管 WHO 在努 力，肥胖问题依旧没有解决”，都不正确。 60．Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight? A．A lot of effective diet pills are available. B．Body image has nothing to do with good food. C．They have been made fully aware of its dangers. D．There are too many overweight people in the world. 解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，2001 年开始的公众健康运动已经使人们深 刻意识到了肥胖的危害，因此在芬兰，人们通过吃减肥药，做抽脂手术来减肥；根据第六段 可知，我们知道要减肥该做什么，但做不做又是另外一个问题了。从这些信息看，作者认为 不能为肥胖找借口是因为人们知道肥胖的危害。 61．The example of Finland is used to illustrate ________. A．the cause of heart disease B．the fashion of body shaping C．the effectiveness of a campaign D．the history of a bodyconscious country 解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，在芬兰，20 世纪 70 年代由肥胖引起的心 脏病发病率世界最高，通过公共健康运动，心脏病的死亡率在过去 30 年下降了 80%。因此 作者介绍芬兰不是为了说明心脏病的起因、塑身的时尚、关注身材的国家的历史，而是说明 这个国家掀起的健康运动的效果。 62．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Actions or Excuses? B．Overweight or Underweight? C．WHO in a Dilemma D．No Longer Dying of Hunger 解析：选 A 标题归纳题。本文作者以嘲讽的口吻探讨肥胖问题，说人们都知道肥胖的 危害，却不愿意采取措施减肥。把肥胖归咎于缺乏毅力、快餐、遗传基因等，因此本文的主 题应该是 A 项：是行动起来，还是继续为自己找借口？ 【八】 Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place.Around 1870, it was experiencing an economic (经济的) boom, and the capital, Buenos Aires, attracted many people. Farmers, as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.These jobs didn't pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city. As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known as the tango (探戈舞) came into being. At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes. It was danced in the bars and streets. At that time there were many fewer women than men, so if a man didn't want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women. Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable. In Europe at this time, strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning.This interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris. Every kind of dance from ballet (芭 蕾舞) to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters.After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe, they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes. Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular. The popularity ( 流 行 ) of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world. Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War Ⅰ brought the tango to North America. It reached Japan in 1926, and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador, and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea. 语篇解读：本文为说明文。主要介绍了探戈舞的起源和发展过程。 72．The origin of the tango is associated with ________. A．belly dancers B．American soldiers C．a Spanish city D．the capital of Argentina 解析：选 D 细节理解题。文章第一、二段介绍的是探戈舞的起源，belly dancing 是当 时在欧洲流行的舞蹈之一，与探戈舞的起源无关，因此 A 项可排除；一战归来的美国士兵将 探戈舞带到了美国，这属于探戈舞的发展史，而不是起源，B 项也可排除；C 项和 D 项为两 个地方，通读第一段可知，探戈舞起源于阿根廷的首都 Buenos Aires，故选 D。 73．Which of the following is true about the tango? A．It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy. B．People of the upper classes loved the tango most. C．It was often danced by two males in the beginning. D．A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador. 解析：选 C 细节理解题。A 项的内容文中没有提及，故排除 A 项；根据第二段的首句 “At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes.”和最后一句“Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.”可排除 B 项；D 项与最后一段最后一句中的“and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador, and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea” 不符；根据第二段的第三句“At that time there were many fewer women than men, so if a man didn't want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.”可知 C 项正确。 74．Before World War Ⅰ， the tango spread to ________. A．America B．Japan C．France D．South Korea 解析：选 C 细节理解题。通读全文后可知，探戈舞传到美国是在第一次世界大战之后， 传到日本是在 1926 年，在韩国流传开来是在 2003 年，显然 A、B、D 三项均可排除。根据 第三段的内容可知，探戈舞在其诞生后不久就传到了法国，其诞生大约是在 1870 年，因此传 到法国应该是在一战前。故选 C。 75．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to Dance the Tango B．The History of the Tango C．How to Promote the Tango D．The Modern Tango Boom 解析：选 B 标题归纳题。本文介绍的是探戈舞的起源及其发展史，故选 B。 【九】 “Indeed，” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightningbug (萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like. Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bugshaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying. We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.” 语篇解读：本文主要向我们介绍了英语中 bug 一词的演变。 68．We learn from Paragraph 1 that ________. A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug B．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug C．the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century D．both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century 解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs ... in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.”可知，美国人和英国人在 18 世纪都用过 bug 这个词。 69．What does the underlined word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Explanation. B．Finding. C．Origin. D．Fault. 解析：选 D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“In 1878 he explained bugs as ‘little problems and difficulties’”可知 flaw 与 fault 同义。 70．The passage is mainly concerned with ________. A．the misunderstanding of the word bug B．the development of the word bug C．the public views of the word bug D．the special characteristics of the word bug 解析：选 B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，整篇文章就是在向我们介绍 bug 一词的演变， 故 B 项正确。 【十】 One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office.It was David.He_kept_walking_up_and_down_restlessly,_his_face_pale,_and_his_hands_shaking_slightl y. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family ，” he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him.Can you help？” I looked at David and showed him to a chair.How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to, and which no words can describe.Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically. The first two times we met, David didn't say a word. He_sat_there,_only_looking_up_to_look at_the_children's_drawings_on_the_wall_behind_me. I suggested we play a game of chess.He nodded.After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon — in complete silence and without looking at me.It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice. Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down.It seemed as if he enjoyed my company.But why did he never look at me? “Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought.“Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly. “It's your turn，” he said. After that day, David started talking.He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club.He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university.Now he had really started to live his own life. Maybe I gave David something.But I also learned that one — without any words — can reach out to another person.All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在英国做心理学家时的一段经历。这段经历 告诉我们，有时给别人心理帮助并不一定需要言语的开导，倾听与尊重就可以达到效果。 1．When he first met the author, David ________. A．felt a little excited B．walked energetically C．looked a little nervous D．showed up with his teacher 解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第一段描述的 David 与作者见面时的表现“He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly.”可以判断出，David 当时是紧 张的。D 项有一定的干扰性，而通过第一段中的“‘This boy has lost his family，’he wrote.”可知， David 的老师并没有和他一起来，只是写了封信给作者。 2．As a psychologist, the author ________. A．was ready to listen to David B．was skeptical about psychology C．was able to describe David's problem D．was sure of handling David's problem 解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是最后一句“Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.”可知，作者已经做好了倾听 David 的准备。 3．David enjoyed being with the author because he ________. A．wanted to ask the author for advice B．needed to share sorrow with the author C．liked the children's drawings in the office D．beat the author many times in the chess game 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第五段作者对 David 的行为表现的揣测可以判断，David 可能只是需要有人默默地与他分享失去亲人的痛苦，无需其他语言上的开导。 4．What can be inferred about David? A．He recovered after months of treatment. B．He liked biking before he lost his family. C．He went into university soon after starting to talk. D．He got friends in school before he met the author. 解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“After that day, David started talking.”以及 后面关于 David 生活中各种变化的描述可知，David 在数月的治疗后心理方面恢复了健康。B 项的推断没有依据，C、D 两项不符合文意。 5．What made David change? A．His teacher's help. B．The author's friendship. C．His exchange of letters with the author. D．The author's silent communication with him. 解析：D 推理判断题。本文主要描写作者的一次特别的心理救助，即通过倾听的方式 帮助 David 走出痛苦，因此选择 D 项。其他选项与原文不符。