2020-2021学年高二英语上学期课时同步练习3-2 Learning about Language

2020-2021学年高二英语上学期课时同步练习3-2 Learning about Language

Unit 3 Life in the future 第 2 节 Learning about Language 一、填空题 1. To keep healthy, professor Johnson__________________ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired. 2. The plants died for __________________water（缺乏) 3. His first speech as president __________________his audien(给.. .留下了深刻的印象) 4. I__________________ her hurrying away but I didn't try to speak to her. (看见) 5. She __________________ in an accident 看不见) 6. Your__________________ of a person or thing is what you think they are like, usually after having seen or heard them. 7. The government decided to explore the__________________ (周围的) countryside to build a new industrial park. 8. Anyone can do this job. No p__________________ experience is needed for it. 【答案】 1. took up 2. lack of 3, made a strong impression on 4. caught sight of 5. lost her sight 6. impression 7.surrounding 8.previous 二、用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空 swift, extraordinary, agency, bend, carriage, constantly, previous, vehicle, press, helmet 1 Sun Yat-sen was a truly____________________ man in the Chinese history. 2 Please mark the pipe where you will____________________ it. 3 As you know, fashion is____________________ changing. 4 In front of the hotel are rows of parked____________________. 5 People are often asked to wear____________________ when riding motorbikes. 6 The____________________ conference is to be held between 9:00 am and 10:00 a.m. next Monday. 7 Anyone can do this job. No____________________ experience is needed for it. 8 This is an express train with 18____________________. 9 You may turn to a travel____________________ for information about traveling abroad. 10 Don't hesitate; you need to make a____________________ decision. 【答案】 1. extraordinary 2 bend 3 constantly 4 vehicles 5 helmets 6 press 7previous 8 carriages 9 agency 10 swift 三、根据括号内的英语提示，将下列各句翻译成英文 1. 我发现学英语是很容易的。(find) _____________________________________ 2. Tom 盯着他的父亲仿佛从来都没见过他似的。(as if) _____________________________________ 3. 他的教育背景跟我的相似。(similar) _____________________________________ 4. 操作系统怎么知道什么时候从一个程序转换到另一个程序呢？(switch) _____________________________________ 5. Daisy 闪过一丝微笑，露出整洁的牙齿。(flash) _____________________________________ 6. 如果你想让机器马上停止运转就按下那个红色按钮。(press) _____________________________________ 【答案】 1. I find it very easy to learn English. 2. Tom stared at his father as if he had never seen him before. 3. His educational background is similar to mine. 4. How does the operating system know when to switch from one program to another? 5. Daisy flashed a smile, showing beautiful teeth. 6. Press the red button if you want the machine to stop immediately. 四、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A After the operation, Peter suffered severe pain, but insisted that he didn’t need any treatment. One evening, he found Susan, his wife, crying in the kitchen of their apartment in a rare outburst of frustration. “If you won’t help yourself, no one else can,” she said. Peter started a list “How to Help Myself”, and on it he wrote, “Keep communicating with the doctors, even if they are dark thoughts.” On October 20th, a few days before his 33 birthday, Peter wrote in a Facebook post, “It’s been hard to get along with having an incurable Grade 4 brain cancer; it’s been hard not to get angry and sad about it; and it’s been hard to accept that modern medicine isn’t able to fix me.” But at the same time, he wrote, “Every day I wake up not-dead is a gift.” Peter and Susan had other lists, detailing the things that they hoped to accomplish in life, which included a trip to Wimbledon; climbing Mt. Snowdon in Wales; and a list of musical wishes—from learning the Bach sonatas (奏 鸣曲) and partitas (变奏曲) to performing the first violin part in a concert. Peter started working on Bach’s six sonatas and partitas, the most difficult parts, which George Enescu, a world-famous violinist, once described as the Himalayas (喜马拉雅山) for violinists. Peter practiced every day, even if he could manage only fifteen minutes between medical treatments. As he mastered each piece, he posted his performances on Facebook. He finished on November 12th, then turned to the even more difficult Paganini caprices (随想曲), which he had often listened to in a recording by Itzhak Perlman. “It’s something I always wanted to play when I grew up, like wanting to be a great baseball player,” he said. 1. Susan cried in the kitchen because_______________. A. she suffered great pain from the Grade 4 brain cancer B. Peter refused to get medical treatment after the operation C. nobody else wanted to help them out of the situation D. no money was left to pay for Peter’s medical treatment 2. Which of the following can best describe Peter’s feeling when he wrote “Every day I wake up not-dead is a gift.”? A. Grateful. B. Sad. C. Frustrated. D. Determined. 3. The couple’s list of things they hoped to accomplish in life included_______________. A. playing tennis in Wimbledon B. cycling in Mt. Snowdon in Wales C. learning Mozart’s sonatas and partitas D. playing the first violin part in a concert 4. In the last paragraph, Bach’s six sonatas and partitas is compared to the Himalayas for violinists to stress ____________. A. its popularity among people B. its value for learners C. its difficulty when being learned D. its importance in violinists’ eyes 【答案解析】 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【分析】 本文为记叙文。患有脑癌的彼得在手术后感到剧痛，但他坚持说他不需要任何治疗。一天晚上，他发 现妻子苏珊在公寓的厨房里哭，这是她少有的沮丧情绪爆发。她说:“如果你不帮助自己，别人也帮不了你。” 于是彼得列了一张“如何帮助自己”的单子，上面写着:“与医生保持沟通，即使他们有阴暗的想法。”彼得 和苏珊还有其他的清单，详细列出了他们希望在生活中完成的事情，并且他们也真正地做了。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 After the operation, Peter suffered severe pain, but insisted that he didn't need any treatment…“If you won’t help yourself, no one else can,” she said.可推知，妻子苏珊在公寓的厨房里哭 是因为彼得拒绝治疗。故 B 选项正确。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 Every day I wake up not-dead is a gift.（每天醒来，我发现自己并没有死， 这是一份礼物。）可推知，现在彼得对还活着充满了感激。故 A 选项正确。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 a list of musical wishes—from learning the Bach sonatas (奏鸣曲) and partitas (变奏曲) to performing the first violin part in a concert.可知，这对夫妇的人生目标包括在一场音乐会上演奏小 提琴的第一部分。故 D 选项正确。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Peter started working on Bach's six sonatas and partitas, the most difficult parts, which George Enescu, a world-famous violinist, once described as the Himalayas (喜马拉雅山) for violinists. （彼得开始创作巴赫的六首奏鸣曲和帕提塔曲，这是最难的部分，世界著名的小提琴家乔治·埃涅斯库曾 将其描述为小提琴家的喜马拉雅山。）可推知，巴赫的六首奏鸣曲和帕提塔斯被比作喜马拉雅山是为了强调 其在学习时的难度。故 C 选项正确。 【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一 般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。此外， 在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中 找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即 根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和 推理等，从而找出正确答案。 以本文第 1 小题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干 Susan cried in the kitchen because______，其关 键词是 cried，从而直接定位到含有 cried 的同义词的文段——After the operation, Peter suffered severe pain, but insisted that he didn't need any treatment. One evening, he found Susan, his wife, crying in the kitchen of their apartment in a rare outburst of frustration. “If you won’t help yourself, no one else can,” she said.由此推知， 妻子苏珊在公寓的厨房里哭是因为彼得拒绝治疗。故 B 选项正确。 B There was great excitement on the planet of Venus (金星) this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs. The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan (曼哈顿). Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information about the feasibility of a manned flying saucer (飞碟) landing on Earth. A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology. “We have come to the conclusion, based on last week's satellite landing,” Professor Zog said, “that there is no life on Earth." “How do you know this?” the science reporter of the Venus Evening News asked. "For one thing, Earth's surface in the area of Manhattan consists of solid concrete (混泥土) and nothing can grow there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive.” “Are there any other sources of danger that you have discovered in your studies?” “Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud staying over the surface of Earth? We don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venus Being there. Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicates it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink.” “Sir, what are all those tiny black spots on the photographs?” “We’re not certain. They seem to be metal objects that moves along certain roads. They give out gases, make noise and keep crashing into each other.” “Professor Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of Zilches to land a flying saucer on Earth when there is no life there?” “Because if we Venusians can learn to breathe in the Earth atmosphere, then we can live anywhere.” 5. What does the underlined word “feasibility” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. possibility B. ability C. simplicity D. responsibility 6. What problems on the earth was not mentioned by the author? A. Air pollution. B. Water pollution. C. Heavy traffic. D. Over population. 7. Why did the author write the passage? A. To tell us a dream of Venusian scientists. B. To show the secret of life on other planets. C. To persuade people to try living on the earth. D. To remind people on the earth of some problems. 【答案解析】 5. A 6. D 7. D 【分析】 本文为科幻故事。这周金星上有很多令人兴奋的事情。金星科学家第一次成功地将一颗卫星降落地球 上，它一直在发回信号和照片。科学家们对这些信号和照片进行了分析。文章从金星上的人对地球进行探 测和分析来提醒我们存在的问题。 【5 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的 For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth（金星科学家第一次成功地将一颗卫星降落在地球上）可推知，划线词所在句意为“由于良好的天气 条件和极强的信号，金星的科学家们能够获得有关载人飞碟着陆地球的可行性的宝贵信息。” A. possibility 可能；B. ability 能力；C. simplicity 简单；D. responsibility 责任。故 A 选项正确。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章中的 the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) and other deadly gases，it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink.，They give out gases, make noise and keep crashing into each other.可知，文章提到了地球上存在的空气污染、水污染和交通拥挤，并没有提及人口众多。故 D 选项正确。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是科幻故事，文章从外星人的角度分析了地球上不会存在生命的原 因，而这些原因正是我们目前所面临的问题，作者写这篇文章实际上是想提醒人们在地球上的一些问题。 故 D 选项正确。 【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。 要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内 容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第 1 小题中，考生可 以根据第一段中的 For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth（金星科学 家第一次成功地将一颗卫星降落在地球上）可推知，划线词所在句意为“由于良好的天气条件和极强的信 号，金星的科学家们能够获得有关载人飞碟着陆地球的可行性的宝贵信息。”再结合选项：A. possibility 可 能；B. ability 能力；C. simplicity 简单；D. responsibility 责任。故 A 选项正确。 五、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 For many years my parents subscribed to “Reader’s Digest”. Usually I enjoyed reading each issue（期）as much as they did. The ___1___ in the magazine I liked most was “The Best Advice I Ever Had.” Even today, one of those best advice stories sticks with me and ___2___ a great lesson. Writing about his ___3__ . Harry Fosdick—longtime beloved minister of Riverside Church in New York City— ___4___ a morning when his father was leaving the house. He ___5___ to Harry’s mother and said “Tell Harry he can cut the grass today, ___6___ he feels like it.” Then after a few steps the father turned back and __7___ a meaningful suggestion: “Tell Harry he had better feel like it.” The reason why I treasure Fosdick’s father’s instruction is that many of us know what we have to do in our ___8___ tasks —we are told what to do, while the major ___9__ is that in many cases we delay action until we feel like it. So think of the ___10___ that Harry’s father tells him that he “had better feel like it” when we must do the ___11___ things. Already, I am confident you could add a dozen similar ___12__ tasks and responsibilities to this list—possibly two dozen. If you ___13___ until you feel like doing them, tasks will become more difficult* Getting back to young Harry’s task, I can ___14___ that a small boy pushing the mower（割草机）with great effort back and forth, around flowers and bushes on this ___15__ day, wiping the sweat from his face until he got the job __16___ . Let’s be aware that this was one of those long ago mowers, ___17__ a motor, appropriately called “push mowers.” So the task is ___18___. Harry got the demanding job finished, because he knew that he “had better feel like it.” ___19___ you are to finish your task or do your work, you’ll have to feel like it. After you ___20__ feel like it you’ll surprisingly find it isn’t difficult to finish. 1. A. article B. comment C. picture D. advertisement 2. A. shows B. includes C. implies D. remains 3. A. boyhood B. job C. life D. joke 4. A. spent B. considered C. remembered D. learned 5. A. returned B. moved C. wrote D. turned 6. A. because B. if C. though D. since 7. A. mentioned B. understood C. added D. explained 8. A. given B. daily C. next D. favorite 9. A. fact B. condition C. concern D. problem 10. A. result B. way C. advice D. reason 11. A. unpleasant B. awesome C. aggressive D. supreme 12. A. strange B. annoying C. particular D. easy 13. A. wait B. change C. stick D. resist 14. A. believe B. expect C. imagine D. suppose 15. A. freezing B. hot C. comfortable D. starry 16. A. started B. done C. paid D. offered 17. A. without B. through C. with D. for 18. A. funny B. different C. interesting D. rough 19. A. After B. But C. When D. Unless 20. A. mainly B. really C. naturally D. hardly 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C 211. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B 【分析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述自己从《读者文摘》上看到的一个故事：一位备受爱戴的牧师仍旧记得小 时候的一天，父亲让他割草，建议他不要等到想要去做再去做。作者认为这个建议对他仍旧是最好的建议 之一。当我们必须做不愉快的事情时，不要等着直到愿意去做，那样任务会成为更困难的。等你完成你不 想做的任务以后，你会发现做起来并不难。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。A. article 文章；B. comment 评论；C. picture 图画；D. advertisement 广告。根据下文 “The Best Advice I Ever Had.”可推断，在这本杂志中我最喜欢的文章是“The Best Advice I Ever Had.”。故选 A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。A. shows 展示；B. includes 包括；C. implies 暗示；D. remains 保持；仍然处于。根 据上文“Even today, one of those best advice stories sticks with me”可推断，甚至是今天，那些最好的建议中的 一个继续支持着我，仍旧是一个伟大的教训。故选 D。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。A. boyhood 少年时代；B. job 工作；C. life 生活；D. joke 玩笑。根据下文内容可知， 下文讲述 Harry Fosdick 对过去的记忆。句意：写了他的少年时代，Harry Fosdick——纽约 Riverside 教堂长 期受人爱戴的牧师记得一个早晨，他的父亲正打算离开家。故选 A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。A. spent 花费；B. considered 认为；C. remembered 记住；D. learned 学习。解析同上。 Harry Fosdick 记得他父亲正打算离开的一个早晨。故选 C。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。A. returned 返回；B. moved 移动；C. wrote 写；D. turned 转身。根据上文提到的“his father was leaving the house”可推断，他转身对 Harry 的母亲说。故选 D。 6. 考查状语从句。A. because 因为；B. if 如果；C. though 尽管；D. since 既然。父亲说：告诉 Harry，如果 他想要做的话，今天他可以去割草。故选 B。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。A. mentioned 提到；B. understood 理解；C. added 增加；D. explained 解释。根据语 境可知，后来走了几步以后，父亲又折回来增加了一条有意义的建议：告诉 Harry 他最好想要做这件事。上 文父亲给了建议，因此此处又增加了一条。故选 C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。A. given 被给予的；B. daily 日常的；C. next 下一个；D. favorite 最喜欢的。根据下 文“we are told what to do”可推断，我珍惜 Fosdick 的父亲的指示的理由是我们中的许多人知道在我们被给予 的任务中我们必须做什么。故选 A。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。A. fact 事实；B. condition 情况；C. concern 关心；D. problem 问题。根据下文“in many cases we delay action until we feel like it.”可推断，问题是在许多情况下，我们拖延行动到我们想要做。故选 D。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。A. result 结果；B. way 方法；C. advice 建议；D. reason 原因。根据上文 Then after a few steps the father turned back and ______ a meaningful suggestion: “Tell Harry he had better feel like it.”可知， 当我们必须做讨厌的事情时，考虑一下 Harry 的父亲告诉他“最好想要做它”的建议。故选 C。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。A. unpleasant 使人不愉快的；讨厌的；B. awesome 令人敬畏的；C. aggressive 好 斗的；D. supreme 最高的。根据上文提到的“in many cases we delay action until we feel like it.”可推断，此处指 “讨厌的事情”，句意：当我们必须做令人不愉快的事情时，考虑一下 Harry 的父亲告诉他“最好想要做它”的 建议。故选 A。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。A. strange 奇怪的；B. annoying 讨厌的；C. particular 特殊的；D. easy 容易的。根 据语境可知，此处讲述我自信你可以增添一打类似的讨厌的任务和责任到名单上——很可能是两打。故选 B。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。A. wait 等待；B. change 改变；C. stick 坚持；D. resist 抵抗。根据下文“tasks will become more difficult* Getting back to young Harry’s task”可推断，如果你等待直到你想要做它，任务将会变得更艰难。 故选 A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。A. believe 相信；B. expect 期待；C. imagine 想像；D. suppose 认为。根据下文 a small boy pushing the mower（割草机）with great effort back and forth 可推断，我可以想像一个小男孩非常努力地 来来回回地推着割草机。故选 C。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。A. freezing 冰冷的；B. hot 炎热的；C. comfortable 舒适的；D. starry 闪闪发光的。 根据下文“wiping the sweat from his face”可推断，天气炎热。故选 B。 16. 考查动词词义辨析。A. started 开始；B. done 做；C. paid 支付；D. offered 提供。根据语境可知，小男孩 努力在炎热的天气里来来回回围绕着鲜花和灌木丛推着割草机，擦着脸上的汗直到工作做完。get sth. done“完成某事”。故选 B。 17. 考查介词词义辨析。A. without 没有；B. through 穿过；C. with 用；随着；D. for 为了。根据下文“appropriately called ‘push mowers.’”可知，割草机没有马达。故选 A。 18. 考查形容词词义辨析。A. funny 滑稽可笑的；B. different 不同的；C. interesting 有趣的；D. rough 艰苦的。 根据下文“the demanding job”可知，这项任务是艰苦的。故选 D。 19. 考查连词词义辨析。A. After 在……以后；B. But 但是；C. When 当……的时候；D. Unless 除非。根据 句意可知，当你一定要完成你的任务或工作的时候，你必须想要做它。故选 C。 20. 考查副词词义辨析。A. mainly 主要地；B. really 真正地；C. naturally 自然地；D. hardly 几乎不。根据上 文“you’ll have to feel like it”可推断，在你真正想要做它以后，你会惊奇地发现完成起来也不难。故选 B。 六、短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错 误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 A video told a story about how a parent swallow taught its lazily child. It was time for the young to fly away and feed it. However, the young refused to leave the net. The mother bird tried to drive it away but it refuses to move. At the same time, another swallow kept fly back to feed the young, but every time stopped by the other. All the parents’ efforts were in vain. Three day later, they gave up to their net with the young in it. Fortunately, the young were adopted by humans, and fed. At last, a bird flew into the sky but disappeared in the distance. 【答案】 A video told a story about how a parent swallow taught its lazily child. It was time for the lazy young to fly away and feed it. However, the young refused to leave the net. The mother bird tried to itself drive it away but it refuses to move. At the same time, another swallow kept fly back to feed the refused flying young, but every time ∧stopped by the other. was All the parents’ efforts were in vain. Three day later, they gave up to their net with the young in days to it. Fortunately, the young were adopted by humans, and fed. At last, a bird flew into the sky but was the and disappeared in the distance. 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一只燕子父母如何教育它懒惰的孩子的故事。 【详解】 1.考查形容词。句意：一段视频讲述了一只燕子父母如何教育它懒惰的孩子的故事。此处 lazy 是形容词，修 饰名词 child，用作定语。故 lazily 改为 lazy。 2.考查反身代词。句意：是时候让幼鸟飞走自己觅食了。此处应该使用反身代词，表示“自己”。故 it 改为 itself。 3.考查动词时态。句意：鸟妈妈试图把它赶走，但它拒绝移动。此处表示过去发生的动作应用一般过去时。 故 refuses 改为 refused。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，另一只燕子不停地飞回来喂小燕子，但每次都被另一只燕子拦住。此 处 flying 是动词-ing 形式，keep doing sth.是固定结构，意思是“一直做某事”。故 fly 改为 flying。 5.考查动词时态语态。句意同上。此处句子主语是 another swallow，与谓语动词 stop 是被动关系，且事情发 生在过去用一般过去时，主语为 another swallow，故 stopped 前添加 was。 6.考查名词的数。句意：三天后，他们放弃了有小燕子的巢穴。此处 days 是名词复数形式，由前面的 three 得出。故 day 改为 days。 7.考查介词。句意同上。此处 give up 是及物动词短语，不需要使用介词 to。故去掉 to。 8.考查主谓一致。句意：幸运的是，幼崽被人类收养并喂养。此处句子主语 the young 指的是那只小燕子， 不是指年轻人，谓语用单数。故 were 改为 was。 9.考查冠词。句意: 最后，那只鸟飞上了天空，消失在远处。此处 the 是定冠词，特指那只小燕子。故 a 改 为 the。 10.考查并列连词。句意同上。此处表示并列关系，而非转折关系。故 but 改为 and。