2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（44）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（44）

阅读理解训练（44）‎ Passage 1 Girls really prefer pink and boys prefer blue, recent research shows.‎ The reasons could have its origins in the hunt for food on the African savannah(稀树草原) thousands of years ago. Evolution may have developed women’s preference for pink, perhaps because it helped to find ripe fruit and healthy men with reddish faces, while both men and women have a natural desire for blue, according to scientists at Newcastle‎ ‎University.‎ ‎“ Everyone in today’s western culture, from parents to toy manufactures, seems to assume that little girls like pink.” Said Prof. Anya Hulbert, who wanted to find out whether the reason was cultural or to do with biology.‎ A love of salmon, fuchsia and coral does seem to be rooted into females, rather than picked up from their mothers.‎ The participants in the study were Chinese and British. The Chinese students showed a marked preference for red, “ Culture may contribute to this natural female preference,” said Pro. Hulbert.‎ In her experience, 208 young adult men and women were asked to select, as rapidly as possible, their preferred color. Hulbert and her colleague Dr. Yazhu Ling marked the results and found that while men preferred blue, women tended to choose pink.‎ Hulbert said she could only prefer about the preference for blue: “ Here again, I would favor evolutionary arguments. Going back to our savannah days, we would have a natural preference for a clear blue sky, because it signaled good weather. Clear blue also signals a good water source.”‎ ‎1. The passage mentions “ the African savannah” to show that_____.‎ ‎ A. the ancient Africa was a a beautiful place ‎ B. human beings lived in Africa at first ‎ C. women and men have different color preference ‎ D. color preference has its historical origins ‎2. It can be inferred that the underlined word “ fuchsia”_____.‎ ‎ A. is probably a kind of toy ‎ B. is probably pink in color ‎ C. can be only found in ‎Africa ‎ D. hardly causes men’s interest ‎3. By saying “ the Chinese students for red.” In Para. 5, the writer means_____.‎ ‎ A. red is the Chinese students’ favorite color ‎ B. the Chinese prefer red more than the British ‎ C. culture influences people’s color preferences ‎ D. the study was carried out by two nations ‎4. What can we know from the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Hulbert thinks evolution explains why people prefer blue.‎ ‎ B. Hulbert has a strong desire for “savannah days”.‎ ‎ C. Blue is a natural signal of many good things ‎ D. While boys like blue, girls like pink.‎ 答案 DBCA Passage 2‎ Botany, the study of plants, plays a strange role in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was one field about which humans had little knowledge. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age Ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exists, a detailed learning of plants and their properties（特征）must be very ancient. This is reasonable. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been greatly important to the good of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, medicines, housing, and a great many other purposes. Tribes（部落）living today in the woods of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.‎ Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct relation with plants, and the less clear our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on a surprising amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose or an apple. When our New Stone Age ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10 000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer production the next season, the first great step in a new connection of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: planted crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the collected knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close relations with plants in the wild would begin to disappear.‎ ‎5. Which of the following assumptions（假设）about early humans is expressed in the passage?‎ A. They probably had wide knowledge of plants.‎ B. They clearly divided knowledge into separate fields C. They did not enjoy the study of botany.‎ D. They placed great importance on ownership of property.‎ ‎6. According to the passage, why has general knowledge of botany decreased?‎ A. People no longer value plants as a useful resource.‎ B. Botany is not recognized as a special branch of science.‎ C. Research is unable to keep up with the increasing number of plants.‎ D. Direct relation with a variety of plants has decreased.‎ ‎7. In paragraph 2, the underlined word “marvel” is closest in meaning to _____.‎ A. edge B. sign C. beginning D. wonder ‎8. According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture?‎ A. The invention of agriculture tools and machines.‎ B. The development of a system of names for plants.‎ C. The discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted.‎ 答案 ADDC ‎ Passage 3‎ When a handheld video game runs out of power, all you have to do is plug it in and charge it up. Within a few years, some of you might do the same thing with mom’s car.‎ Automobile companies are developing vehicles that will plug into electric sockets （插座）, just like many laptops, digital cameras, cell phones and small video game players do. Called “plug-in hybrids （混合动力汽车）,” these cars will get most of their power from electricity. Their drivers will rarely have to stop at gas stations.‎ The technology is more than just cool. In our automobile-filled world, plug-in vehicles could reduce the amount of gasoline we use. That gas is made from crude oil, which has been kept rising in cost. Plus, driving around in these hybrids may even help the environment. Gas-burning cars produce a lot of carbon dioxide, a type of greenhouse gas. These gases stay in the atmosphere, where they trap heat and cause global warming.‎ The first company-produced plug-in hybrids could hit the roads by ‎20l0. But engineers still have a lot of work to do to make the technology practical and inexpensive.‎ Batteries are the biggest challenge. In the plug-in-hybrid world, Li-ion batteries are getting the most attention. These batteries can store a large amount of energy in a small package, and they last a relatively long time between charges. Li-ion batteries are standard in laptops, cell phones, heart devices and similar portable devices.‎ But because cars are so big and heavy, it would still require a suitcase-sized Li-ion battery to power about l‎2km of driving. What’s more, the batteries are extremely expensive.‎ ‎“A car filled with batteries could go a long distance,” says Ted Bohn, an electrical engineer in Chicago. “But it couldn’t haul （拖拉） any people, and it would cost $l00,000.”‎ So researchers need to figure out how to make batteries smaller and cheaper, among other questions.‎ ‎“The answers don’t exist yet,” Bohn says. “As a kid I thought someone someplace knows the answer to everything. All of these questions haven’t been decided. That’s what engineering is about — making a guess, running tests and fine-tuning results.”‎ ‎9. The writer wrote this passage with the purpose of __________________.‎ A. how to charge the handheld video game up B. explaining a newly-developed battery C. introducing a new car D. telling us how to make the new battery cheaper ‎10. Which is true according to the passage?‎ A. Plug-in hybrids will do no harm to the environment.‎ B. Li-lion batteries in laptops can be used on plug-in hybrids.‎ C. Some companies can produce plug-in hybrids now.‎ D. Drivers of plug-in hybrids will spend less money on gasoline.‎ ‎11. From the passage, we can learn _________________.‎ A. we can buy one of “plug-in hybrids” now B. all people will buy one after ‎20l0‎ C. this kind of car can carry two persons D. some problems about “plug-in hybrids” remain to be done 答案 9.C 10.D 11.D Passage 4‎ How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! On a clearnight you might see the Moon, some planets, and thousands of sparkling stars.‎ ‎ You can see even more with a telescope. And with bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more detail.‎ ‎ But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We won't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year.‎ ‎ That's because they're invisible. They're the mysterious dead stars called black holes.‎ ‎ You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky, burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn't seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.‎ ‎ As a star's gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.‎ ‎ As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold, dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until it's packed together tighter than anything in the universe.‎ ‎ Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. That's how tightly this dead star, a black hole, is packed. What pulls the star in toward its center with such power? It's the same force that pulls you down when you jump--the force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything--even light. The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes. That's why you see nothing but blackness.‎ ‎ So next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there's more in the Sky than we can see! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes--the great mystery of space.‎ ‎12. According to the article, what causes a star to die?‎ ‎ A. As its gases run out, it cools down. B. It has a collision with other stars.‎ C. It can only live for about a million years. ‎ D. As it gets hotter and hotter, it explodes.‎ ‎13. Which of the following statements is NOT true?‎ ‎ A. Black holes are dead stars.‎ ‎ B. Black holes have gravity.‎ ‎ C. Black holes are invisible.‎ ‎ D. There is nothing as mysterious as a black hole.‎ ‎14. W. hat happens AFTER a star dies?‎ ‎ A. It becomes invisible. B. It fails to Earth.‎ ‎ C. It burns up all of its gases. D. It becomes brighter and easier to see.‎ ‎15. Why can't you see light when you look at a black hole?‎ ‎ A. Because most black holes are so far away.‎ ‎ B. Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.‎ ‎ C. Because as the star's gases burn, it stops giving off heat and light.‎ ‎ D. Because as a star cools, its outer layers pull in toward its center. ‎ 答案 ADAB Passage 5‎ Every day from the time we wake up until the time we go to bed, we are bombarded with information from all sides, from TV, radio, newspapers and books; from family, friends, and colleagues. As a new cable television subscriber, I am absolutely amazed at the quantity and varying levels of information quality on cable television. Including the networks, there are eight TV "news" organizations vying to provide us with all the information we can possibly absorb. Newspaper, magazines, books, radio, the Internet, email, snail mail, and the telephone all compete for our attention and our minds. At the office conversations around the water cooler and coffee maker serve to spread even more items of information. 　　There is valuable information out there about the world we live in, on topics as varied as health, safety, traffic, nutrition, business, finance, philosophy, nature, science, weather, history and the human condition. There is also a large amount of misleading and outright false information, not just on controversial subjects such as politics and religion but on any topic one can think of, including all of the topics mentioned above. 　　With all this information coming at us from all directions, how does one sift through it all to sort out the facts from the fiction, the truth from the lies, the more important from the less important? Should we turn off the TV, cancel our newspaper subscriptions, disconnect our phones and modems to become information "hermits"? Probably not. 　　A better method of sifting through the information wave without being overwhelmed and confused is to become a skeptical inquirer-or skeptic-with regard to the surrounding world. By "skeptic"-I do not mean a cynic-a person who rejects new ideas simply because they are new. A skeptic is one who questions the validity of a particular claim by calling for evidence to prove or disprove it. Skepticism is a method, not a position. It is a provisional approach to all factual claims. In terms of processing information, a skeptic needs to be able to grasp reality and acquire knowledge about the environment that agrees with reason, logic, and evidence. In other words, as skeptics, when we hear a claim that may or may not be fantastic, we should say, "That's nice, prove it."‎ ‎16．The writer implies that if we want to make some judgments about some information, the first thing that we should do is to . A. ask for the information B. cut off all channels of information C. receive and go through the information D. become information "hermits"‎ ‎17. What does the author say is the more reasonable approach to processing the information wave? A. A skeptical approach. B. A subjective approach. ‎ C. A cynical approach. D. A philosophical approach.‎ ‎18. What can we conclude from the difference between a skeptic and a cynic? 　　 A. Skeptics are reasonable but cynics are too optimistic. 　　 B. Skeptics are reasonable but cynics are too pessimistic(opposite of optimistic). 　　 C. Skeptics take a position but cynics are extreme in their attitude. 　　 D. Skeptics reject all new ideas but cynics only reject some of them. 　 19. When faced with an incredible or fantastic claim, what shall we do according to the author? 　　 A. Ask questions and look for proof. B. Ignore the information and its source. 　　 C. Change the subject immediately. ‎ D. Try to consult an expert who knows the truth.‎ 答案 CABA ‎ Passage 6‎ China’s government has been trying all measures to reduce pollution in the past few years. Now people can enjoy a fresh environment everywhere. The following two graphs are adopted from the column of “City Information” on the webpage of Beijing Review.‎ Graph 1: Olympic Cities Air Quality Report City Date API Major Pollutant Air Quality Degree Quality Condition Beijing Sep. 8‎ ‎37‎ N/A Ⅰ Very good Qinhuangdao Sep. 8‎ ‎52‎ PM10‎ Ⅱ Good Qingdao Sep. 8‎ ‎68‎ PM10‎ Ⅱ Good Shanghai Sep. 8‎ ‎67‎ PM10‎ Ⅱ Good Shenyang Sep. 8‎ ‎88‎ PM10‎ Ⅱ Good Tianjin Sep. 8‎ ‎54‎ PM10‎ Ⅱ Good Graph 2: Chinese National Standard API Values Levels of health concern Colors When the API is in this range:‎ ‎...air quality conditions are:‎ ‎...as symbolized by this color:‎ ‎0 to 50‎ Very good Blue ‎51 to 100‎ Good Green ‎101 to 150‎ Slight pollution Yellow ‎151 to 200‎ Moderate pollution Orange ‎201 to 250‎ Medium pollution Red ‎251 to 300‎ High pollution Purple ‎301 to 500‎ Hazardous Brown Notes:‎ ‎ **API stands for Air Pollution Index(指数).‎ ‎ **Particulate matter (PM10) is a major component of air pollution that threatens both our health and our environment. It consists of very small liquid and solid particles floating in the air.‎ ‎ **Sulfur dioxide(SO2) acts as an acid．Inhalation(吸入) results in labored breathing, coughing, or a sore throat and may cause permanent lung damage.‎ ‎20．According to Graph 1, which of the following cities has the worst air pollution?‎ ‎ A．Qinhuangdao. B．Tianjin. ‎ ‎ C．Shenyang. D．Qingdao.‎ ‎21．If your city is symbolized by either red or purple, the pollution in your city is .‎ ‎ A．Moderate or slight. B．Moderate or high.‎ ‎ C．Medium or slight. D．Medium or high.‎ ‎22．Which of the following statements is TURE?‎ ‎ A．On September 8th the color-symbol of Beijing‎ ‎City’s air quality is “Blue”.‎ ‎ B．With API value below 150 the air is free from being polluted.‎ ‎ C．The colors from purple to Yellow indicate the air quality is becoming much worse.‎ ‎ D．When there are floating solid particles and dust in the air, it is dangerous pollution.‎ ‎23．When more citizens are beginning to have labored breathing soon after they are in the open air, it suggests that .‎ ‎ A．it is so cold that they may have caught a cold ‎ B．there is a large amount of sulfur dioxide in the air ‎ C．they are starting to cough or have a fever ‎ D．they must be infected with permanent lung disease 答案 CDAB ‎ Passage 7‎ Are you one of those who always fear whenever a dog is approaching? If you are, you have got phobia (a very strong feeling of being afraid of something). Of all human fears, phobias may be the most uncontrollable. They are most often caused by a particular situation or object. In general, phobias can mainly be divided into three varieties. To begin with, agoraphobia is a fear of staying in strange surroundings, for example, an unfamiliar place, or an open area．Social phobia refers to the anxiety people show when they have to stay or perform on social events, for instance, speaking in front of the class. Lastly, there are a wide range of specific phobias. People suffering from this kind of phobia are terrified of specific objects or creatures. such as spiders, perhaps to your surprise, clowns. Besides, there are about six hundred and fifty phobias having been listed by psychologists(心理学家)as yet.‎ Faced with their phobias, many people choose to do nothing but just escape the situations or objects they fear. Psychologists, however, warn that if not treated properly, this kind of anxiety ‎ will get worse, so that it may disturb the sleep pattern, cause physical symptoms, and finally affect their daily activities. As for treatment, clinical research has discovered that medicine for anxiety is not successful in curing phobias. However. the anxiety disorders can be efficiently treated through cognitive behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法), through which patients are led to inspect the connections between their own fear und the situation or object, and then actively choose the acceptable treatments. Also, other treatments proved effective in reducing phobias are Meditation(quiet thought that can help people relax), listening to calming music, and so on. ‎ ‎24．Phobias are mainly caused by .‎ ‎ A．anxiety B．animal attacks ‎ ‎ C．terrible dreams and imagination D．a certain situation or thing ‎ ‎25．Which do psychologists NOT use for effective treatment of phobias? ‎ ‎ A．To take medicine for anxiety ‎ ‎ B．To listen to comforting light music ‎ ‎ C．To lose oneself in a peaceful environment ‎ ‎ D．To understand the very source of one's own anxiety ‎ ‎26．Which of the following statements about phobias is CORRECT? ‎ ‎ A．Actors call help people to cure their phobias. ‎ ‎ B．Phobias can be divided into six hundred and fifty types. ‎ ‎ C．Those suffering from phobias may not sleep well or work normally. ‎ ‎ D．Cognitive behavioral therapy demands little participation from patients. ‎ ‎27．What do those with agoraphobia feel terrified and anxious about? ‎ ‎ A．Staying on a square. ‎ ‎ B．Touching insects, like spiders.‎ ‎ C．Being harmed by virus. ‎ ‎ D．Giving a speech in presence of many people.‎ 答案 DACA ‎ Passage 8‎ A new study suggests that the more teenagers watch television, the more likely they are to develop depression（沮丧；抑郁）as young adults. ‎ The researchers used a national long-term survey of adolescent health to investigate （调查）the relationship between media use and depression. They based their findings on more than four thousand adolescents who were not depressed when the survey began in 2000. ‎ As part of the survey, the young people were asked how many hours of television or videos they watched daily. They were also asked how often they played computer games and listened to the radio. Media use totaled an average of five and one-half hours a day. More than two hours of that was spent watching TV. ‎ Seven years later, in 2007, more than seven percent of the young people had signs of depression. The average age at that time was twenty-one. ‎ The researchers say they did not find any such relationship with the use of other media such as movies, video games or radio, etc. But the study did find that every extra hour of television meant an eight percent increase in the chances of developing signs of depression. Young men were more likely than young women to develop depression given the same amount of media use. ‎ The study didn’t explore if watching TV causes depression. But one possibility is that it was taking time away from activities that could help prevent depression. ‎ Last December, the journal Social Indicators Research published a study of activities that help lead to happy lives. Sociologists from the University‎ of ‎Maryland found that people who describe themselves as happy spend less time watching television than unhappy people. The study found that happy people are more likely to be socially active to read, to attend religious services and to vote. ‎ ‎28. The best title for this passage should be . ‎ A. Teens, Television and Depression ‎ B. Men Develop Depression Easier than Women ‎ C. Media Use is Harmful to Adolescents ‎ D. Take Great care of Teenager’s depression ‎ ‎29. The result of the research seems to prove . ‎ A. teenagers are more likely to develop depression than adults ‎ B. other media uses do no harm to adolescents ‎ C. TV probably causes teenagers to grow up with depression ‎ D. those who watch no TV will not develop depression ‎ ‎30. We can learn from the survey that of all the media use . ‎ A. computer games are teenagers’ favorite ‎ B. most teenagers prefer to listen to the radio ‎ C. teenagers enjoy watching TV very much ‎ D. newspaper is not included in the survey ‎ ‎31. According to the passage, what kind of activity may help prevent depression? ‎ A. Playing computer games. B. Taking part in sports. ‎ C. Listening to the radio. D. Watching movies. ‎ ‎32. We can conclude that a teenager should . ‎ A. play more video games instead of watching TV ‎ B. be active in taking part in outdoor activities ‎ C. be more active in watching educational TV programmes ‎ D. attend religious services and care for politics ‎ 答案 ACCBB ‎ Passage 9‎ It is hard to go after the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to ‎ it is difficult, and sightings with bare eyes are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior. ‎ So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater detecting（探测）devices across the oceans. ‎ Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian（平民的）scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential（潜在的）enemies. ‎ Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption（爆发）for the first time and that they plan similar studies. ‎ Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. ‎ The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second－slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope（听诊器）does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low—frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles. ‎ ‎33. The passage is chiefly about . ‎ A. an effort to protect an endangered sea species ‎ B. the civilian use of a military system ‎ C. the introduction of a U. S. Navy top-secret weapon ‎ D. a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales ‎ ‎34. The underwater listening system was originally designed . ‎ A. to detect and locate enemy boats ‎ B. to monitor deep—sea volcanic eruptions ‎ C. to study the movement of ocean currents ‎ D. to replace the global radio communications network ‎ ‎35. What is the closest meaning of the underlined word “to track” in the second paragraph? ‎ A. to study B. to fight against ‎ C. to follow D. to try to kill ‎ ‎36. It can be inferred from the passage that . ‎ A. new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whales ‎ B. blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system ‎ C.opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technology ‎ D. military technology has great potential uses outsides. the military forces ‎ ‎37. Which of the following is true about the U. S. Navy underwater listening net work? ‎ A. It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists. ‎ B. It has been replaced by a more advanced system· ‎ C. It became useless to the military after the cold war. ‎ D. It is a must in protecting endangered species. ‎ 答案 BACDA Passage 10‎ Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.‎ Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.‎ For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc．In general the person feels excited and ready to act.‎ Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.‎ Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”‎ Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.‎ ‎38． “Damaging emotion” means that _________. ‎ ‎ A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful ‎ ‎ C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard ‎39. What statement is right? ‎ A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). ‎ B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered.‎ C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, ‎ D．Anger may cause you a cancer. ‎ ‎40. Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists.‎ ‎ A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than ‎ ‎ C．is no better than D．is much better than ‎ ‎41．According to the author, you'd better _________. ‎ ‎ A．never be angry ‎ ‎ B．cool it down before you express it ‎ ‎ C．laugh and laugh when you get angry ‎ ‎ D．admit you are wrong when you are angry ‎42. The passage may be taken from _________.‎ ‎ A. the advertisement B. a travel book C. a magazine D. the diary 答案 BDCBC Passage 11‎ Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are doubtful, and beyond six or seven they are worthless. ‎ The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather—to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards (暴风雪)—any prediction becomes worse rapidly. Errors and uncertainties increase, from dust devils and storms up to continent-size eddies (旋涡) that only satellites can see.‎ The modern weather models work with net-like points sixty miles apart, and even so, some starting data have to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors placed one foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature, pressure, humidity (湿度), and any other data a weatherman would want. Exactly at noon a powerful computer takes all the data and calculates what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03… the computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton will have sun or rain one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will hide fluctuations (波动) that the computer will not know about. By 12.01, those fluctuations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have added to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.‎ ‎43．A weather forecast ______ in the world.‎ A．is reliable within one or two days ‎ B．is doubtful beyond 24 hours C．becomes useless beyond two or three days ‎ D．is still worthwhile in seven days ‎44．Usually there is a weather sub-station ______.‎ A．in every city B．every 60 miles C．between two cities D．every one foot ‎45．Which of the following statements is true? ‎ A．People have not placed sensors one foot apart in the atmosphere.‎ B．Scientists have already put sensors one foot apart in the world.‎ C．Every sensor gives perfectly accurate data a weatherman wants.‎ D．Ground weather stations and satellites can see every place on earth.‎ ‎46．Our computer will not be able to know about fluctuations because ______.‎ A．the sensors are not good enough ‎ B．they are hidden by the spaces between the sensors C．they are too far away ‎ D．they move very fast ‎ 答案 ABAB Passage 12‎ In the Caucasus region of Russia, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100, 000 reach 100. But these Russian old people aren’t alone．The Pakistanis, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Ecuadorans of the Andes Mountains seem to share the secret of long life, too．‎ ‎ These people remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time．While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians aged 100 to 140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren．Even the idea of aging is foreign to them．When asked “at what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer．Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80．”‎ ‎ What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived people．They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop．For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age．His wife is 116 years old．They have been married for 90 years．Mr. Mamedov has no intention of retiring from his life as a farmer．“Why? What else would I do?” he asks．‎ ‎ All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work．They all come from mountainous regions．They live and work at elevations of 1,660 to 1,000 meters above sea level．The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free．This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger．‎ ‎ Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation．To a great extent．They are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society．‎ ‎ Inherited factors also play some role．Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages．Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer．‎ ‎ It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard word, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and long life of all these people．‎ ‎47．In the Causasus region of Russian, how many people can reach the age of ‎100 in 10,000?‎ ‎ A．5 B．‎3 ‎ C．50 D．10,000‎ ‎48．The example of Mr and Mrs Mamedov implies that ___________．‎ ‎ A．some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 become weak．‎ ‎ B．some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 are too old to work in the fields．‎ ‎ C．physical work contributes a lot to their long life．‎ ‎ D．some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 are still working in the fields besides their great- great ‎ -grandchildren．‎ ‎49．What is the main way of life for all of these long-lived people? ‎ ‎ A．Retiring from their lives as farmers B．Having been married for 90 years ‎ C．Hard physical work D．No intentions ‎50．At elevations of 1,220 to 1,000 meters above sea level, the air ______‎ ‎ A．has less oxygen B．is pollution ‎ C．is pollution-free D．both A and C ‎51．The following factors except _________ contribute to the health and long life of all these people．‎ ‎ A．clean mountain air B．daily hard work ‎ C．stress and pressure D．good genes 答案 ACCDC Passage 13‎ China is going green. In order to reduce air pollution and oil-shortages, automobile manufacturers have announced their plans to develop hybrid vehicles(混合燃料汽车) for the Chinese market. Toyota’s hybrid car Prius will be ready to drive in China this week. Let’s have a look at the new car.‎ Any vehicle is hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. Hybrid cars run off a rechargeable battery(电池) and gasoline(汽油). Hybrid cars have special engines, which are smaller than traditional gasoline engines. They run at 99 percent of their power when the car is cruising(巡航). A specially designed battery motor provides extra power for running up hills or when extra acceleration(加速) is needed.‎ Step into a Prius, and turn on the engine. The first thing you notice is how much quieter it is than a traditional car. At this point, the car’s gasoline engine is dormant(休眠). The electric motor will provide power until the car reaches about ‎24 km/h. If you stay at a low speed, you are effectively driving an electric car, with no gasoline being used, and no waste gas gives off.‎ The onboard(车载的) computer makes the decision about when to use a gas engine, when to go electric, and when to use a combination of the two. If you go over ‎24 km/h, when you step on the gas pedal(油门), you are actually telling the computer how fast you want to go.‎ The electronic motor recharges automatically using a set of batteries. When driving at high speed, the gasoline engine not only powers the car, but also charges the batteries. Any time you use the brake, the electric motor in the wheels will work like a generator(发电机) and produce electricity to recharge the batteries. As a consequence, the car’s batteries will last for around 200,000 miles.‎ ‎52．The author writes this passage mainly to .‎ A．teach people how to drive a hybrid car ‎ B．introduce a new kind of “green”car C．show how to save their gasoline when driving a car D．announce plans to develop hybrid vehicles for China ‎53．The first sentence probably refers to .‎ A．there will be more and more green land in China B．China is still young and lacking experience C．China’s new cars are combinations of different green models D．China has started producing environmentally friendly cars ‎54．Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A．The hybrid cars reduce air pollution and oil-shortages.‎ B．The car’s gasoline engine doesn’t work until it reaches about ‎24 km/h.‎ C．This kind of car is completely controlled by an onboard computer.‎ D．A specially designed battery motor provides extra power when needed.‎ ‎55．What is the most important feature of hybrid cars?‎ A．They are powered by both a rechargeable battery and gasoline.‎ B．They are much quieter than traditional cars.‎ C．They only use 99 percent of their power to run up hills.‎ D．They have smaller engines than traditional gasoline ones.‎ 答案 52.B 53.D 54.C 55.A