【英语】2020届二轮复习时态和语态经典精讲练学案（上）

【英语】2020届二轮复习时态和语态经典精讲练学案（上）

‎2020届二轮复习时态和语态经典精讲练学案（上）‎ 开篇语 本讲在高中学习中的地位及考查形式：‎ ‎ 时态和语态在高考中的地位是非常重要的。它不仅在单项选择题中考查，而且对阅读理解非常有帮助，学生们通过学习时态和语态，能够对阅读理解中比较复杂的句型有更好的理解。另外，时态和语态对于书面表达也有很大的帮助。中学生进行书面表达时，在时态和语态当中出现的错误非常多，所以如果复习好时态和语态，有利于书面表达的得分。 ‎ 开心自测 开心自测详解 题一：‎ ‎—Can we meet tomorrow afternoon?‎ ‎—Not in the afternoon, I’m afraid. I _______. ‎ A. will be working B. am going to work ‎ C. am about to work D. will work 题二：‎ It is generally ______ that new industries _____ for the southern part of the country. ‎ A. agreed; are needed B. agreed; to be needed C. agreeing; are needing D. agreeing; needed 题三：‎ ‎—I wonder if you could go with me to the cinema.‎ ‎—Don’t disturb me. I ____ a composition all the morning and haven’t finished yet. ‎ A. write B. was writing C. have written D. have been writing 题四：‎ ‎----I don’t believe that John can remember what the robber was like.‎ ‎----You’re quite wrong. I know it was dark, but he ________ the robber’s face. I’m sure of it.‎ A. did see B. was seeing C. had seen D. would see 题五：‎ ‎----My uncle will be here to attend a meeting tomorrow.‎ ‎----Oh, I thought that he ____ today. ‎ A. was coming B. is coming C. will come D. could come 主要考点梳理 高考必会的13种时态 以动词learn为例：‎ 时态 例句 一般现在时 She English every day.‎ 一般过去时 She English yesterday.‎ 一般将来时 She English tomorrow.‎ 过去将来时 She said (that) she English.‎ 现在进行时 She English now.‎ 过去进行时 She English when I came in.‎ 将来进行时 She English at nine tomorrow.‎ 现在完成时 She English for three hours.‎ 过去完成时 She said (that) she English for hours.‎ 将来完成时 She English for three hours before I return.‎ 现在完成进行时 She English since nine o’clock.‎ 过去完成进行时 She said (that) she English since nine o’clock.‎ 将来完成进行时 She English for three hours before I return.‎ 高考必会9种被动语态 以动词clean为例：‎ 被动语态 例句 Our classroom every 一般现在时的被动语态 ‎ day.‎ 一般过去时的被动语态 Our classroom just now.‎ 一般将来时的被动语态 Our classroom soon.‎ 过去将来时的被动语态 She said the classroom soon.‎ 现在进行时的被动语态 Our classroom now.‎ 过去进行时的被动语态 The classroom when I came in.‎ 现在完成时的被动语态 The classroom twice today.‎ 过去完成时的被动语态 She said the classroom twice today.‎ 将来完成时的被动语态 The room before you come.‎ 看三年高考动词时态试题，悟解题之三要素，动词时态是高考的重点也是必考语法。但许多考生在做题时仍然是凭感觉做题，做了后没感觉，对自己所选答案没任何的把握，进而 也对动词时态的学习失去了信心。希望能帮助广大考生走出困惑，助考生一臂之力。其实考生做动词时态试题时只要从以下三要素考虑，一定能取得实效的。‎ 动词时态解题之第一要素------时间状语 考生在做动词时态试题时，先看题干中有没有时间状语的暗示。不同的时间状语代表说话或动作发生的时间点或时间段，分别使用不同的时态。考生应该记住一些常用的时间状语分别与什么时态使用，这是解题之关键。此类考点是高考时态试题测试的重点。考生应该重点掌握。‎ 常与一般现在时使用的时间状语有：every day, every Saturday, often, always, once a week, every few years, etc;‎ 常与一般过去时使用的时间状语有：the other day, yesterday, last year, in 1946, once, ‎ a few days ago, two years ago, etc；‎ 常与一般将来时使用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week/Friday, in three hours, etc;‎ 常与现在进行时使用的时间状语有：now, at present, right now, etc;‎ 常与过去进行时使用的时间状语有：at this time yesterday/last week, etc;‎ 常与将来进行时使用的时间状语有：at this time tomorrow/next ‎ Friday, etc;‎ 常与现在完成时使用的时间状语有：since 1998, ever since, so far, up till now, recently/lately, ‎ in the past few years, in the last decade, ‎ during the past five years, etc;‎ 常与过去完成时使用的时间状语有：by+过去时间状语用过去完成时，before；‎ 常与将来完成时使用的时间状语有：by+将来时间状语用将来完成时 常与现在完成进行时使用的时间状语有：all day, all afternoon, all week, these days, ‎ all the time，etc.‎ 高考题示例（斜体部分为高考题的正确答案，加粗非斜体部分是时间状语暗示部分）‎ ‎1. This coastal area was named a national wildlife reserve last year. ‎ ‎2. I’m tired out. I have been shopping all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. ‎ ‎3. Every few years, the coal workers have their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. ‎ ‎4. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they have been promised before leaving their hometowns. ‎ ‎5. Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died. ‎ ‎6. His sister left home in 1998, and has not been heard of since.‎ ‎7. Over the past decades, sea ice has been decreasing in the Arctic as a result of global warming.‎ ‎8.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I went there several years ago. ‎ ‎9. I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.‎ ‎10. Joseph has been going to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian. ‎ 动词时态解题要素之------固定句型 此类考点在高考时态试题中测试得不多，但是考生必须记住以下句型中常用的时态。遇到这方面的时态考题时就能迅速定位，轻而易举地找到正确答案。‎ 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句用将来时，从句要用一般现在时态代替将来时态。‎ 在宾语从句中，主句用过去时态，从句要使用相应的过去时态。‎ 按时刻表固定要发生的动作，通常用一般现在时。如：The plane takes off at 4:30.‎ I was doing sth. when sth. happened.‎ I was about to do sth. when sth. happened.‎ I was on the point of doing sth. when sth. happened.‎ I had just done sth. when sth. happened. (when：这时，强调一个动作的突然发生)‎ ‎1). I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.‎ ‎2). I was about to leave when it began to rain.‎ ‎3). I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.‎ 祈使句+ or/otherwise + sb will(not) do sth. ‎ 或祈使句+ and + sb will(not) do sth.‎ Start right away or you’ll miss the first train.‎ It was (not ) + 时间段+before +一般过去时 过了一段时间就……‎ It will (not )be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时 要过一段时间才会……‎ It is/ has been +时间段+ since sb. did sth.‎ It was +点时间+ when sth. happened……‎ ‎1). It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. 不久他就意识到他处境危险。（动作已发生）‎ ‎2). It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业。（动作未发生）‎ ‎3). It is 3 years since he worked here.=He left here.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）‎ ‎4). It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.‎ 表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图。‎ had hoped to do=hoped to have done.‎ 类似的词还有：expect, think, intend, design, plan, mean, suppose等。‎ would like/prefer/ love to have done was/ were to have done was/were supposed to have done ‎1).—Did you go to see the film “Titanic” last night?‎ ‎ —I’d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.‎ ‎2). The plane was to have take off at 7 this morning, but was held up by the heavy fog.‎ If +were/ did (动词过去式)， 主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+do ‎（用来表示对现在情况的假设）。‎ I don’t have a cell phone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to contact others.‎ If +had done (过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+have done ‎（用来表示对过去情况的假设）‎ If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer.‎ If +were/ did (动词过去式)， 主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+ do ‎ were to do ‎ should do ‎ ‎（用来表示对将来情况的假设）‎ If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would go shopping with you.‎ 题一：A 题二：A 题三：D 题四：A 题五：A