【英语】2020届英语二轮复习600分冲刺优练：专题1阅读理解考点3　主旨大意题巩固学案

【英语】2020届英语二轮复习600分冲刺优练：专题1阅读理解考点3　主旨大意题巩固学案

第一编　专题一　考点3‎ A ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，C)‎ Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23－gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.‎ Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000. And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.‎ ‎ Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.‎ Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。Terrafugia公司研制出飞行汽车并成功进行了第一次飞行，使飞行汽车成为现实更进一步。‎ ‎1．What is the first paragraph mainly about？_A__‎ A．The basic data of the Transition.‎ B．The advantages of flying cars.‎ C．The potential market for flying cars.‎ C．The designers of the Transition.‎ 解析：考查段落大意。第一段的第二句“The vehicle...like a car”介绍了飞行汽车Transition的构造，第一段的后半部分介绍了它的空中飞行速度、陆地行驶速度和油耗情况，这些都是飞行汽车的基本数据。故选A项。‎ ‎2．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways？_C__‎ A． It causes traffic jams.‎ B． It is difficult to operate.‎ C． It is very expensive.‎ D． It burns too much fuel.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways.It's expected to cost $279,000”可知，该飞行汽车是非常贵的，所以不太可能大量出现在车道上。故选C项。‎ ‎3．What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car？_B__‎ A． Cautious.　　　　　 B． Favorable.‎ C． Ambiguous.　　 D． Disapproving.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly”可推知，政府对该项目是支持的。故选B项。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text？_D__‎ A． Flying Car at Auto Show B． The Transition's First Flight C． Pilots' Dream Coming True D． Flying Car Closer to Reality 解析：考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year”可知，Terrafugia公司的飞行汽车成功进行了第一次飞行，从而使飞行汽车更加接近现实。所以选D项。‎ B ‎(2019·北京卷，D)‎ By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.‎ At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.‎ Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an ‎ important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.‎ Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”‎ And why does that matter？Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean，Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.”Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.‎ Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable，but they could mean significant changes.“It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，”Dutkiewicz said，“but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”‎ 文章大意：主题：人与自然(环境保护)；话题：全球气候变化对海洋颜色的影响。本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。本语篇话题新颖，知识性强，旨在引导考生从生态文明的视角思考环境保护的意义和价值，共建绿色家园，共创和谐大同。‎ ‎5．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？_B__‎ A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.‎ B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.‎ C．The way light reflects off marine organisms.‎ D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.‎ 解析：段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean？_A__‎ A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.‎ C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.‎ 解析：词义猜测题。后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．What can we learn from the passage？_D__‎ A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.‎ B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.‎ C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.‎ D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.‎ 解析：推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，所以A项“浮游植物在海洋生态中所起的作用越来越小”是不对的；Dutkiewicz的模型不是用来推断浮游植物的变化的，而是推断海洋的变化的，排除B项；浮游植物不是用来控制全球气候的，排除C项。由文章第四段信息“But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.”可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。‎ ‎8．What is the main purpose of the passage？_C__‎ A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.‎ B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.‎ C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.‎ D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.‎ 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。‎