2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 3 Travel journal（含解析）新人教版必修1

2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 3 Travel journal（含解析）新人教版必修1

Unit 3 Travel journal 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ A new study has found the amount of antibiotics given to farm animals is expected to increase by two­thirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to rising demand for meat, milk and eggs. The researchers warn the drugs could quicken the development of antibiotics­resistant (耐抗生素的)infections. Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States.‎ ‎    Experts say when people stop living in poverty, the first thing they want to do is eat better,rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. Increasing prosperity in Asia has meant people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and dairy products as they did 50 years ago.‎ ‎    To meet that demand, farms have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, often the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. It’s clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in a crowded environment and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually, and the antibiotics-resistant bacteria can spread to people.‎ ‎    Doctors find that antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer do. The bacteria have learned ways to fight the medicine. Doctors say the heavy use of antibiotics in animals is one of several reasons for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. In the United States, at least two million people get drug-resistant infections each year. At least 23,000 die from an infection.‎ ‎    Ramanan Laxminarayan heads the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy. He says the problem is expected to get worse. He believes the use of antibiotics in animals will soon increase sharply. He says that will not be good for human health. He and other researchers wrote a report on the study, which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. They used data ‎ 9‎ from the United Nations that tell how and where livestock(牲畜) are raised today. They then predicted how such production would change by 2030.‎ ‎    Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And she adds the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.‎ ‎1.What is the passage mainly about? A.How to keep farm animals healthy. B.The abuse of antibiotics in human beings. C.A new way of raising farm animals. D.The disadvantages of using antibiotics. 2.From he passage, we can infer that using antibiotics too often in farm animals ______. A.will lead to animals' being less active B.causes animals to get infected more easily C.makes antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread to people D.has a negative effect on the growth of animals 3.What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals? A.The increasing need for meat. B.The need for eating diversely. C.The less effective antibiotics. D.The limited farm technology. 4.How will the use of antibiotics in animals according to Ramanan Laxminarayan? A.It will soon stop rising. B.It will soon increase sharply. C.It will soon rise steadily. D.It will soon increase slowly.‎ 参考答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B 解析： 1.[纵观全文便知,文章主要介绍了人们使用抗生素来饲养家畜带来的缺点。如第一段:The researchers warn the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticsresistant (耐抗生素的)infections. Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United 9‎ ‎ States和第五段等可得答案。] 2.[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句:But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually , and the antibioticsresistant bacteria can spread to people可得答案。] 3.[事实判断题。根据第一段:Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to rising demand for meat, milk and eggs和第二段:Experts say when people stop living in poverty, the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat.] ‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．This made Hannah very sad, and even more determined ________ (do) something.‎ 答案：to do　be determined to do sth. “下定决心做某事”。‎ ‎2．The World Health ________ (organize) says half of them will die if they are not treated.‎ 答案：Organization　organization “组织”，the World Health Organization “世界卫生组织”。‎ ‎3．But that is not ________ many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.‎ 答案：what　have sth. in mind “心里记着某事”，设空处是引导表语从句的连接词，在从句中作宾语，故填what。‎ ‎4．Not having persuaded Helen ________ (change) her mind, her parents had no choice but to allow her to go to China to travel alone.‎ 答案：to change　persuade sb. to do sth. “劝说某人做某事”。‎ ‎5．The government's attitude ________ the development of the flying car is favorable.‎ 答案：to/toward(s)　attitude to/toward(s) ... “对……的态度”。‎ ‎6．I graduated from university twenty years ago and ________ (teach) in a middle school ever since.‎ 答案：have taught　ever since “自从……以来”，与现在完成时连用。‎ ‎7．She got me back to the UK even earlier than originally ________ (schedule)．‎ 答案：scheduled　than originally scheduled “比起早先的安排”，此处than是连词，其后是比较状语从句，从句主语为it，谓语为was，省略主语和谓语后只剩scheduled。‎ ‎8．One ________ (advantage) of living in the town is short of safe places for the children to play.‎ 答案：disadvantage　由is short of ...‎ 9‎ ‎ 可知，此处在谈论“生活在小镇的缺点”，因此填disadvantage “劣势；缺点”。‎ ‎9．That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he's ________ (rely)．‎ 答案：reliable　此处形容词reliable “可靠的；可信赖的”，在句中作表语。‎ ‎10．They studied the question ________ (care) before they made the decision.‎ 答案：carefully　此处副词carefully修饰动词studied。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ My mother was a responsible teacher and she retired.So I decided to give her one of my old computers to help her pass the time.She had a little bit of computer __1__，so I just set it up for her and let her __2__ with it on her own.‎ As time went on，I __3__ the computer was hardly touched.She said she didn't know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her.I sat and __5__ everything and she seemed OK with what I said.Unfortunately，my sister called me at that moment __6__ we talked on the phone for an hour.Then when I saw her again，she was sitting in front of the computer，looking quite __7__.The screen saver(屏幕保护程序) had appeared and she didn't know how to __8__ it off.She had tried __9__ every key and it didn't work.I told her，“Just __10__ the mouse a little.” What I meant was that she just needed to move the mouse around to __11__ the computer up.What she did was to __12__ the mouse and start shaking it around in midair until the __13__ went completely black.I couldn't help laughing because of her funny __14__.The more I laughed the __15__ she got.‎ She thought that I was a(n)__16__ teacher and she decided to figure the thing out herself.Well，at least I helped her overcome her __17__ of breaking something and encouraged her to __18__ a little.‎ About a week later，I found a homemade __19__ card with a mouse on the front making a funny face __20__ to my door.It said，“Thanks for the computer lessons.Love，Mom.”‎ ‎1．A.theory　　　　　B．knowledge C．technology D．history ‎2．A.watch B．train C．play D．see ‎3．A.found B．heard C．thought D．ignored ‎4．A.why B．when 9‎ C．how D．where ‎5．A.learned B．described C．explained D．discussed ‎6．A.and B．but C．because D．since ‎7．A.amusing B．relaxed C．interesting D．discouraged ‎8．A.get B．break C．cut D．turn ‎9．A.hitting B．feeling C．changing D．removing ‎10．A.hang B．shake C．rub D．push ‎11．A.clean B．wake C．bring D．take ‎12．A.put up B．cut off C．pick up D．put away ‎13．A.screen B．curtain C．cover D．window ‎14．A.adjustment B．imitation C．expression D．action ‎15．A.ruder B．happier C．angrier D．better ‎16．A.impatient B．humorous C．careful D．helpful ‎17．A.sadness B．pressure C．fear D．depression ‎18．A.reply B．observe C．answer D．experiment ‎19．A.inviting B．greeting C．shopping D．birthday ‎20．A.appeared B．stuck C．combined D．printed ‎【解题导语】该文主要讲述了作者教退休的母亲玩电脑的有趣故事。‎ 9‎ ‎1．B　根据下文中的“She said she didn't know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her”可推知，作者的母亲对电脑所知甚少，此处指电脑知识(knowledge)。‎ ‎2．C　根据上文中的“So I decided to give her one of my old computers to help her pass the time”可知，作者给母亲一台自己的旧电脑是让退休的母亲自己玩。play with...“玩……”。‎ ‎3．A　随着时间的推移，作者发现(found)电脑几乎没被碰过。‎ ‎4．C　根据下文中的“I decided to teach her”可推知，母亲并不知道怎么(how)使用电脑，于是作者决定教她。‎ ‎5．C　根据空处前一句“I decided to teach her”和空后的“and she seemed OK with what I said”可推知，作者给母亲讲解(explained)了相关的电脑知识。‎ ‎6．A　根据语境可知，空处应填连词and，表示“然后，接着”。‎ ‎7．D　结合语境可推知，母亲不会玩电脑，感到很泄气(discouraged)。‎ ‎8．D　根据空前的“The screen saver(屏幕保护程序)had appeared”及常识可推知，电脑出现屏幕保护程序，母亲不知道怎么把它关掉。turn off“关掉”。‎ ‎9．A　根据空后的“and it didn't work”可推知，母亲因为不懂得怎么关掉屏幕保护程序，于是就按(hitting)了每一个键。‎ ‎10．B　根据语境可推知，作者教母亲稍微晃动(shake)鼠标即可。下文中的“start shaking it”也是提示。‎ ‎11．B　根据语境可推知，作者是让母亲移动鼠标，唤醒电脑。wake up“唤醒”，符合语境。‎ ‎12．C　根据空后的“start shaking it around in midair”可推知，母亲听了作者的话就把鼠标拿起来(pick up)，在空中摇晃。‎ ‎13．A　根据语境可推知，母亲不会玩电脑，拿着鼠标乱晃，结果电脑屏幕(screen)全黑了。‎ ‎14．D　根据语境可知，作者被母亲搞笑的行为(action)给逗乐了。‎ ‎15．C　根据语境可知，作者越笑，母亲越生气(angrier)。‎ ‎16．A　根据空后的“she decided to figure the thing out herself”可推知，身为老师的母亲对作者教自己玩电脑这件事很有看法，认为作者没有耐心(impatient)。‎ ‎17．C　根据语境可推知，作者帮助母亲走出了害怕(fear)损坏东西的阴影，鼓励母亲再尝试一下。‎ ‎18．D　参见上题解析。experiment“尝试”，符合语境。‎ ‎19．B　根据语境可知，母亲自己制作了一张贺卡(greeting card) ，对作者表示感谢。‎ ‎20．B　根据语境可知，此处指卡片贴在了作者的门上。stick to...意为“粘/贴在……”。‎ 9‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．If you stand here, you'll get better view of the river.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：get后加a　get a better view of ...“更好地看到……”，view “风景”，为可数名词。‎ ‎2．Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to being underlined before class.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：being→be　动词insist表“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词应使用“(should＋)动词原形”的结构。‎ ‎3．The old man was still in good health. He preferred to work in the garden rather than sat idly.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：sat→sit　prefer to do A rather than do B “宁愿做A而不愿做B”，rather than后要接动词原形。‎ ‎4．In my views, there is no need to care too much about your clothes.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：views→view　in one's view “依某人看”，是固定短语。‎ ‎5．Although Mr Li was ill, he still went to work on time as usually.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：usually→usual　as usual “像往常一样”，是固定搭配。‎ 五、七选五 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 　1　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.‎ The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 　2　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.‎ 9‎ So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring persons survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 　 3 　 ‎ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 4 　 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ ‎　 5 　 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.‎ As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.‎ A. It all depends on your character.‎ B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.‎ C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.‎ D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.‎ E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.‎ F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.‎ G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。‎ ‎1.F 【解析】选项F中的＂weigh risks and rewards＂与上文的＂weigh the risk and the reward＂相呼应，故F项符合语境。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】选项C中的＂Being better at those things＂与上文的＂were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring＂相呼应，因此选C。‎ ‎ 3.A 【解析】前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A项＂这完全是由你的性格决定的＂符合语境。‎ 9‎ ‎ 4.E 【解析】根据上文的＂your willingness...teenage years＂及下文的＂hunger for new experiences...＂可知E项符合语境。‎ ‎ 5.G 【解析】根据空后的＂For the risk-seekers...becomes active＂可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。‎ 9‎