高考英语一轮复习构想Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse课时作业外研版选修

高考英语一轮复习构想Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse课时作业外研版选修

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 一、单元跟踪过关 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．An increasing number of people are consulting about the tax laws. 2．Farmers will have a good harvest，assuming(assume)that the weather is favorable. 3．He was arrested last December, accused of corruption and abusing his powers. 4．Accustomed(accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city. 5．His teaching style is similar to most of the other teachers' in our school. 6．It is difficult to be patient(patience) when you are stuck in a traffic jam. 7．We were greatly relieved(relief) to learn that his condition was not serious. 8．We set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day. 9．He refused to acknowledge having_made(make) such a mistake. 10．Though he had tried to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didn't make it. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．People can use advancing computer techniques to experience life in the future. advancing 改为 advanced 2．I sometimes take part in performances at our school, that I really enjoy very much. that 改为 which 3．Darcy left word with his assistant who he would see me off at the airport in the afternoon. who 改为 that 4．He had become accustomed to live without computers. live 改为 living 5．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son has graduated from college. has 改为 had 6．We have some doubt that they can complete the work on time. that 改为 whether 7．The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and accused him with speeding. with 改为 of 8．It took me a lot of patience to teach the naughty boy to dance hip hop, but it was an interesting experience. patiences 改为 patience 9．She went upstairs to her bedroom, and there she burst out tears. out 改为 into 10．They think homework helps them review that has been taught in class. that 改为 what Ⅲ.完成句子 1．They are accustomed to_not_talking(不交谈) at meals. 2．The driver sat there motionlessly, aware_of(意识到) how serious the traffic accident was. 3．Many young people are_enthusiastic_about(对……狂热) pop music. 4．My bike is_similar_to(与……相似) yours in color. 5．We are trying to set_the_plan_in_motion(使这项计划开始启动)． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 二、高考模拟写作 (2017·陕西检测)假如你是学生会主席李越，你校将在下周一接待来自美国某中学的学 生访问团。请你写一封邮件给该团的领队 Smith 先生，介绍整个活动安排。 要点：1.对代表团表示欢迎； 2．具体活动安排：参观学校、联谊会和篮球赛等。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．开头和结尾语已为你写好。 Dear Mr Smith， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Yue 答案： 范文赏读 Dear_Mr_Smith,_ I'm Li Yue, chairman of the students' union.I'm delighted to hear that your students visiting group will pay a visit to our school next Monday for the cultural exchange activity.On behalf of my school, I want to show our warm welcome. Here are some details about this activity.On the morning of your arrival, we will show you around our school and then a discussion will be held, which may cover such topics as school life, cultural differences and so on, aiming to improve mutual understanding, broaden our horizons and enrich our life. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, a basketball match between the two schools will be held on the playground.No doubt it is a good chance for us to learn from each other and know more about each other. What do you think of the plan？Can you give me some advice on how to make the activity better? I'm looking forward to your early reply. Yours_sincerely, _ Li_Yue 大题巧练 47 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe [授课提示：对应学生用书第 373 页] 一、阅读理解 A El Niño，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，”was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Niño sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round. The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Niño in 199798 helped America's economy grow by $15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones. But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multiyear drought(干 旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters. The most recent powerful Niño，in 199798，killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Niños come with months of warning， and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction. Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors，civil conflict is related to El Niño's harmful effects—and the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño，reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 语篇解读 本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了厄尔尼诺现象的由来以及它对人们生活的影 响。文章根据 ODI 对 20 年救灾资金的投向的分析，得出防灾重于救灾的结论，这也是作者 写此文的目的。文章最后提出防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害的措施。 1．What can we learn about El Niño in Paragraph 1? A．It is named after a South American fisherman. B．It takes place almost every year all over the world. C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean. 答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据首段第一句．..a Spanish term for “the Christ child，”．..South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years...可知，“厄尔尼诺”是西班牙语的译音，原 意是“神童”或“圣明之子”，是由很早就注意海洋与天气的关系的南美洲的渔民命名的， 所以 D 项“它能体现大洋中潮流方向的改变”为正确选项。根据首段第一句可知南美洲的渔 民发现了这一现象，而非“某个渔民”，故 A 项错误；B 项是常识性错误；C 项恰好与文章 内容相反。 2．What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected? A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. B．Droughts become more harmful than floods. C．Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses. D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically. 答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños，on balance，than they lose.可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺而得到的东西 要比它们失去的多。由此可锁定正确答案为 C。 3．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that ________. A．more investment should go to risk reduction B．governments of poor countries need more aid C．victims of El Niño deserve more compensation D．recovery and reconstruction should come first 答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段 ODI 提供的数据可知，在过去的 20 年中 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 只有 12%的救灾资金投入到提前预防方面，显然投入比例较小；再联系第四段最后一 句 ． ..that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.(……在预防灾害方面花一美元就能在灾后重建方面至少省两美元)可知正 确答案为 A。 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce El Niño and its origin. B．To explain the consequences of El Niño. C．To show ways of fighting against El Niño. D．To urge people to prepare for El Niño. 答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。文章从第四段 ODI 的数据分析和第五段如何防止厄尔尼 诺带来次生灾害这两个方面，鼓励人们以正向心态积极应对厄尔尼诺现象。A 项与 B 项都属 范围太小；C 项偏离主题。厄尔尼诺本身是一种自然现象，人们可以研究如何利用它，而不 是去违背它。 B (2017·江西模拟)The best family vacation that I ever had was going on a road trip to Myrtle Beach. The trip was for 2 weeks during the March break from school. This trip was probably about 20 years ago so it was before the time of things like portable video games and being able to watch movies in the back seat. So to pass the many hours of travel my brother and I had to entertain ourselves and each other. My mum would set the back seat up so that it was our own little playroom. She would pack everything up so that we had a big level area to play in.We would play cards and board games. When it got to the point where we_were_at_each_other's_throats we would be sent back to our own side of the seat and would be forced to either nap or read by ourselves until we could be friendly to each other again. I can remember us playing for quite some time when we turned the back seat into a spaceship and traveled around the earth. Another time we turned it into a kitchen and had a bakeoff(食品烘烤赛). But the thing that I remember the most and that gave us many hours of enjoyment was using each other's faces as silly Plasticine(普莱斯蒂辛橡皮泥) and making funny faces. We would see how far we could stretch each other's mouths open, see how thin we could make the other's eye by pulling on it. We would keep going until one of us begged for mercy because we had to give our faces a rest. So while I can remember us having a great time on the beach, laughing a lot trying to put the tent up in the rain, what I remember the most of that trip and what always makes me smile the most is remembering the pain that our faces would be in after the trip. 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者回忆了小时候在没有电子游戏、不能在坐车时看电影的 旅途中打发时间的方式。 5. What did the author do when traveling to Myrtle Beach? A. Watch movies. B. Play video games. C. Have fun with his brother. D. Pack things up to amuse himself. 答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。由第二段中的“to pass the many hours of travel my brother and I had to entertain ourselves and each other”可知答案。 6. What does the author mean by saying “we were at each other's throats” ? A. We were fighting with each other. B. We used up our skills. C. We were quite out of breath. D. We were about to fall asleep. 答案与解析：A 考查句意理解。下文的“...until we could be friendly to each other 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 again”说明画线部分的意思应为“互相打斗，激烈争吵”。 7. What impressed the author most during the trip? A. Playing cards and board games. B. Pulling each other's faces and eyes. C. Having a cooking competition. D. Playing with silly Plasticine. 答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。由第四段中的“But the thing that I remember the most... hours of enjoyment was using each other's faces... by pulling on it”可 知，旅途中作者印象最深的是和弟弟彼此拉对方的脸或者眼来做鬼脸。 8. Which of the following titles would best suit the passage? A. An Unforgettable Family Travel B. What Is the Most Meaningful Journey C. The Good Old Days Never to Be Forgotten D. How to Kill Time while Traveling in the Past 答案与解析：D 考查主旨要义。结合文章内容看，本文主要谈论的是在没有便携式游 戏机、不能在后座看电影的情况下，作者一家去旅游时，作者在途中消遣的方式，故 D 项作 本文标题最佳。 二、完形填空 Looking at the checkout lines at the grocery, I quickly turned my cart to line number three. There were only two women there, and neither had kids or coupons(赠 券)! The store was my first __9__ that morning, and I had a half dozen others on my__10__ before meeting my husband for lunch. Two minutes turned into ten, and I watched as the other lines moved __11__. I moved my __12__ on the cart and dug for my wallet, trying to __13__ the cashier that it was time to get a moveon. Finally, after fifteen minutes, I took a breath and __14__. Then I heard the cashier tell the women in front of me: “And just like that, he told me what she looked like and __15__ one hundred dollars here to __16__ her groceries. He said not to worry about the __17__， just give it to charity.” The story she was __18__ had taken place in the produce department. An older man had witnessed a(n) __19__ mama in need. __20__ for foods with kids around, she was sticking to her list and __21__the items on her calculator as she went. The gentleman said he had a little __22__ on him that day, so he left one hundred dollars to __23__her groceries and, just maybe, add a little wiggle room(回旋的余地) to her __24__. After hearing about the man who had. __25__ served a fellow traveler in life, I realized that my hurry, __26__ and general worries were __27__. What's five extra minutes in a line to hear a story of a man sharing his __28__？ Suddenly, I know I could wait. 语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。作者一天上午到超市购买食品杂货，因为有不少其他事要 做，于是就选择到只有两个女士等候的结账区排队，可是却等候了 15 分钟。她很不耐烦， 催促收银员快些。后来她发现：原来，收银员在和跟前的女顾客讲述亲眼目睹的一件感人事 ——一位老者留意到一位经济困难的妈妈带着孩子们来买吃的东西，难以挑选，于是就向收 银员描述了这个女士的相貌，并留下一百美元帮她付款，说就当捐给慈善机构了。明白原来 如此后，作者为自己的不耐烦等候而感到羞愧。 9. A．delivery B．checkout C．journey D．stop 答案与解析：D 根据空后内容可判断，这天上午商店只是作者“停留的第一站”。 delivery 意为“递送、接生”；checkout 意为“结账”；journey 意为“旅行”。 10. A．notebook B．list C．blessing D．admission 答案与解析：B list 意为“办事清单”。句意：到中午和丈夫见面吃饭前，我的办事 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 单上还有六件事要做。 11. A．patiently B．clearly C．quickly D．similarly 答案与解析：C 由前一分句 Two minutes turned into ten(两分钟延长到十分钟)可 知，作者此时很着急要结账离开，因此后一分句应为“当其他结账队伍快速移动”，这样构 成顺承关系，以表明作者此时明显感觉自己所在队伍结账实在太慢。patiently 意为“耐心 地”；clearly 意为“清楚地”；similarly 意为“类似地”。 12. A．items B．dealers C．prospects D．kids 答案与解析：A 结合语境线索和生活常识，可以判断出此时作者实在不耐烦了，在暗 示收银员该继续给下一位顾客结账了。句意：我翻动购物车上的物品，掏钱包，尽力提醒收 银员：到了继续收银的时候了。下文 she was sticking to her list and __21__ the items on her calculator as she went 也有提示，items 指“商品、物品”。 13. A．remind B．debate C．order D．guarantee 答案与解析：A 见上题解析。remind 意为“提醒”；debate 意为“辩论”；order 意 为“命令；订购”；guarantee 意为“担保；保修”。 14. A．laughed B．noticed C．appreciated D．sighed 答案与解析：D 由上下文可知，“十五分钟后，终于，我深深吸了一口气、叹了口气”。 表示此时作者很不耐烦。 15. A．left B．matched C．cost D．promoted 答案与解析：A 由下文 The gentleman said he had a little __22__ on him that day， so he left one hundred dollars to __23__ her groceries 可知，这里应是“留下一百 元支付她的食品杂货”。 16. A．apply for B．pay for C．look for D．make for 答案与解析：B pay for 意为“付款”；apply for 意为“申请”；look for 意为“寻 找”；make for 意为“走向；前往；有利于”。 17. A．privilege B．contribution C．change D．decision 答案与解析：C 根据上句“付款购买食品杂货”，接着“捐给慈善机构”的东西只能 是钱了。句意：他说不必担心找零，捐给慈善机构算了。 18. A．adjusting B．booking C．reading D．sharing 答案与解析：D 根据句意可知此处只能是“她分享的故事发生在农牧产品部”。 19. A．welldressed B．goodlooking C．wornout D．easygoing 答案与解析：C wornout 意为“破旧的；不能再穿的；劳猝的”；welldressed 意为 “衣着考究的”；goodlooking 意为“相貌好看的”；easygoing 意为“随和的；逍遥自 在的；不严肃的”。通过 in need(处于危难中的)及下文提到这个妈妈购物时的窘迫样 (adding the items on her calculator“用计算器把商品价格相加起来”)，可知应该是“衣 衫褴褛的妈妈”。 20. A．Wandering B．Shopping C．Preparing D．Begging 答案与解析：B Shopping 意为“购物”；Wandering 意为“游荡；走神”；Preparing 意为“准备”；Begging 意为“乞讨；恳求”。句意：和孩子们一起购买食物时，她一直按 照购物单，并且一边走一边在计算器上计算所购物品的价钱。 21. A．supposing B．developing C．adding D．presenting 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 答案与解析：C adding 意为“相加”；supposing 意为“猜想；认为”；developing 意为“开发；发展；发育”；presenting 意为“介绍；提出；赠送”。 22. A．principle B．time C．extra D．quantity 答案与解析：C extra 意为“额外的”；principle 意为“原则”；quantity 意为“数 量”。根据该句逻辑意义“他身上额外有点钱，于是就留下一百美元帮她付食品杂货的钱” 可知答案。 23. A．cover B．suit C．carry D．run 答案与解析：A cover 意为“够付；覆盖；涉及”；suit 意为“适宜于；相称”；carry 意为“携带”；run 意为“运营；使快速移动”。 24. A．basket B．budget C．property D．response 答案与解析：B budget 意为“预算”；basket 意为“篮子”；property 意为“特性； 财产”；response 意为“反应；回应”。 25. A．rarely B．quietly C．obviously D．occasionally 答案与解析：B quietly 意为“静悄悄地；安静地”；rarely 意为“很少地，罕见地”； obviously 意为“明显地”；occasionally 意为“偶然地”。只会是“静悄悄地给生活中的 同路人提供服务”，才能显示出在作者心中这个男士的高大和自己的猥琐，因此选项 B 才是 最佳答案。 26. A．anxiety B．happiness C．attention D．eagerness 答案与解析：A anxiety 意为“焦虑”；happiness 意为“愉快”；attention 意为“注 意”；eagerness 意为“渴望”。该空前 hurry、空后 general worries 均为贬义词，所以 只有选项 A 最佳。 27. A．treated B．respected C．benefited D．misplaced 答案与解析：D misplace 意为“放错地方”；treat 意为“处理，治疗”；respect 意为“尊重”；benefit 意为“使受益”。句意：听说那位男士悄悄地给生活中的同路人伸 出援助之手，我意识到自己的仓促、焦虑、种种烦恼很不合时宜。 28. A．notice B．mistake C．content D．love 答案与解析：D 句意：能听一个人分享爱心，排队多等五分钟算得了什么呢？ 三、语法填空 A hobby means a favourite activity __29__ a person does for pleasure in his spare time. It varies __30__ person to person and from age to age. Some people like to ski, fish, swim, raise flowers and collect stamps. __31__ like to watch football games, take pictures and play musical instruments. Hobbies can help people relax after a period of intense work __32__ provide a balance between work and rest. They can also help people improve their mental and __33__(physics) health. Sometimes hobbies can help cure sick persons. But in the old days, workers worked long hours in factories __34__(support) their families. Farmers worked in the fields from sunrise to sunset. They __35__(have) no time or money to enjoy hobbies. Nowadays, with __36__ development of science and technology, and with the improvement of living standard, people of all walks of life have more free time and leisure time for hobbies. By __37__(develop) various hobbies, many old people, especially retired people, are spending their remaining years __38__ ease and comfort. 29．__________ 30.__________ 31.__________ 32．__________ 33.__________ 34.__________ 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 35．__________ 36.__________ 37.__________ 38．__________ 答案： 语篇解读 文章对比了不同人群以及不同年代人们的爱好。 29．that 考查定语从句。先行词为 activity，that 在从句中作宾语。 30．from 考查介词。vary from... to...意为“从……到……不同”。 31．Others 考查代词。others 和前面的 some people 对应。 32．and 考查连词。连接两个并列谓语。 33．physical 考查词性转换。形容词作定语修饰 health。 34．to support 考查非谓语动词。动词不定式在此处作目的状语。 35．had 考查动词时态。此处是过去的行为，因此用一般过去时，动词用过去式。 36．the 考查冠词。with the development of...意为“随着……的发展”。 37．developing 考查非谓语动词。介词之后的动词一般都用ing 形式。 38．in 考查介词。in ease and comfort 意为“安逸舒适地”，在此处作状语。