冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密21：完形填空之议论文

冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密21：完形填空之议论文

考点详解 ‎【命题规律】‎ ‎ 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文，它涉及的范围要小得多。有人把英语中的议论文旧理解为论证文、推理文或辩论文，还有人直接将议论文归入到了说明文当中。但笔者认为就写作目的与写作手法而言，英语议论文与英语说明文还是有一定的区别的。首先，英语说明文主要是对提出的主题进行“说明”和“阐述”，并不进行正反评判和推理，也不强迫读者接受作者的观点；而英语议论文主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点，但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。 ‎ ‎ 不管是在汉语中，还是在英语中，议论文都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法），这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此，典型的议论文一般就由序论（提出问题，即what）、本论（分析问题，即why）和结论（解决问题，即how）三个部分构成，其具体的结构模式又有以下三种： ‎ ‎ 模式一：引言段（提出观点）——正方论点心（支持作者的观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者的观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） 在这种模式中，文章主体段（中间部分）的每一个部分论述一个论点，这些论点以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的论点在最后面，以示强调。 ‎ ‎ 模式二：引言段（提出观点）——反面意见（反方观点+作者的反驳）、正方论点1（支持作者观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） ‎ ‎ 在这种模式中，文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳，以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。 ‎ ‎ 模式三：引言段（提出观点）——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） ‎ ‎ 在这种模式中，作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点，然后再进行反驳。 ‎ ‎ 议论文有自己的语言个性，它不同于记叙文的生动形象，也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述，因此，它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时，它的语言也很准确，合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用，诸如since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），so（所以），It follows that…（因而…），If…，we may conclude that …（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……），Should it be the case （如果是这样的话……），Idon’t want to…,but…（我并不想……），It is true that…,but…（诚然……但是……）,Even if …（即使……）等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构，以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外，作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。‎ ‎【应试策略】‎ ‎1. 通览 ‎ 把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。‎ ‎ 把握文章的开头，总结文章的结尾。议论文的篇首或结尾出现话题中心，通过首段或末段把握文章的主题。‎ ‎2. 试填 ‎ 注意段与段之间的逻辑。议论文往往围绕某一个论点用不同的论据加以佐证，往往每一段就是一个论据，而论据和论据之间又相互联系、互为补充，每一段往往就是其中一个角度或侧面。‎ ‎3. 复核 ‎ 通读全文，检验每条论据是否都合情合理，都能强而有力地支撑论点。‎ 检测训练 题组一 真题在线 Cloze 1 (2015·福建) ‎ ‎ One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 1　‎ ‎ when you are not busy finding fault with it.‎ ‎ Several years ago I 　2　 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 　3　 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 　4　 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 　5　 person.‎ ‎ Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 　6　. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 　7　 to deal with was that the day before the 　8　, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 　9　 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 　10　. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 　11　 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 　12　 everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 　13　 as well.‎ ‎ Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 　14　 when we’re honest, we can be sharply 　15　 of the world. I’m not suggesting you 　16　 problems, or that you pretend things are 　17　 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — 　18　 most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big 　19　.‎ ‎ Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little 　20　, you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.‎ ‎1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy ‎2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected ‎3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled ‎4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing ‎5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising ‎6. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation ‎7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible ‎8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure ‎9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice ‎10. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit ‎11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about ‎12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle ‎13. A. family B. life C. career D. education ‎14. A. so B. or C. but D. for ‎15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical ‎16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore ‎17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse ‎18. A. at least B. at last C. by far D. so far ‎19. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty ‎20. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity ‎ 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述Kerry从一个吹毛求疵的人变为一个学会感恩生活的人，告诉我们＂要管好你的嘴＂，寻回昔日对生活的热情。‎ ‎6. A 根据下文可知,这场意外改变了她的态度。attitude ＂态度＂。‎ ‎7. D事故发生前一天Kerry拜访了她的这个朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。据此可知,这使得事情几乎无法应对。‎ ‎8. C根据上文的＂it took a horrible accident＂ 可知,此处选C。‎ ‎9. D Kerry批评她的朋友对男朋友的选择。choice ＂选择＂。‎ ‎10. C 空处所在的句子是定语从句,various other things 是先行词,关系词that/which 代替先行词在从句中作宾 语,所以用express＂表达＂。‎ ‎11. A 直到她的朋友严重受伤Kerry才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。aware of ＂意识到＂;afraid of ＂害 ‎ ‎　　　怕＂;curious about ＂好奇＂;confused about ＂感到困惑＂。‎ ‎12. C judge ＂判断,评价＂。此处judge … harshly和上文的＂appreciate life＂形成对比。‎ ‎13. B她也能够把她的新智慧转移到她生活的其他方面。‎ ‎14. C上下文是转折关系,所以用but。‎ ‎15. D be critical of 和find fault with是同义短语。‎ ‎16. D根据上下文可知,不挑剔并不意味着忽视问题。ignore ＂忽视＂。‎ ‎17. B或者假装事情比真实情况要好。‎ ‎18. A至少大多数时候是这样的。at least ＂至少＂。‎ Cloze 2 (2014·广东) ‎ ‎ Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1　feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 　2　between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 　3　rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 　4　. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 　5　the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.‎ ‎ The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 　6　to these problems. However, some approaches are more 　7　than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 　8　clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 　9　. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 　10　of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 　11　their actions.‎ ‎ Psychologists say that 　12　is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 　13　to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 　14　their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 　15　each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.‎ ‎1. A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar ‎2. A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge ‎3. A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked ‎4. A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research ‎5. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing ‎6. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes ‎7. A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful ‎8. A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly ‎9. A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature ‎10. A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills ‎11. A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider ‎12. A. communication B. bond ‎ ‎ C. friendship D. trust ‎13. A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk ‎14. A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop ‎15. A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising ‎ 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,文章就父母与孩子的关系进行了讨论。最新研究表明,父母与孩子之间最为常见的争执在于不整洁和日常家务这两个方面。同时,父母不同的应对方法收效也不尽相同。心理学家说,在处理父母与孩子的关系时,最重要的还是在于双方的沟通和理解。‎ ‎1. D根据第一段中的＂it is difficult to live with teenagers＂以及＂saying that it is not easy living with them＂可 知,父母和孩子均表示住在一起不容易,所以双方的感觉是相似的,可知此处选D。其余选项不符合语境。 ‎ ‎7. D下文列举了两个例子,第一个例子中父母的做法改变孩子们的习惯的可能性很小,另外一个例子中,父母 会迫使孩子们改变,所以,有些方法是更成功的。 ‎ ‎8. A那些开始因孩子们的不整洁大嚷大叫,随后又为孩子们整理房间的父母,改变孩子们的行为的可能性是很 小的。‎ ‎9. A参见上题解析。 ‎ ‎10. C那些让孩子们体验行为后果的父母会做得更好。根据下句的例子,可知答案为C。 ‎ ‎11. D孩子们不去帮忙购物,结果就是在冰箱里找不到自己喜欢喝的饮料,因此他们不得不重新考虑他们的行 为了。 ‎ ‎12. A下文提到 ＂ 　    to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say＂＂Communication is a two-way process＂,由此可知答案为A。 ‎ Cloze 3 （2012·江苏）‎ ‎ The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 　1　. Solitude can be hard to discover 　2　it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have 　3　our culture. ‎ ‎　　The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) 　4　as we’ve known it. People have become so 　5　in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 　6　they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our 　7　, but from our mobile phones as well. ‎ ‎　　Most developed nations have become 　8　on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 　9　it would make them an outsider. 　10　, many jobs and careers require people to be 　11　. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a 　12　to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times. ‎ ‎　　I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 　13　wants it. Computers can be shut 　14　and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be ＂connected＂ and ＂ on＂ has many 　15　, as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up 　16　on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 　17　and forced to answer unwanted calls or 　18　to unwanted texts. ‎ ‎　　Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 　19　across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like 　20　daily advancements in technology. ‎ ‎1. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected ‎2. A. though B. until C. once D. before ‎3. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved ‎4. A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance ‎5. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable ‎6. A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only ‎7. A. media B. computers C. databases D. monitors ‎8. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent ‎9. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing ‎10. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow ‎11. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested ‎12. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment ‎13. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really ‎14. A. out B. down C. up D. in ‎15. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions ‎16. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted ‎17. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused ‎18. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply ‎19. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist ‎20. A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without ‎ 【文章大意】在当今的数字化时代,独处的概念几乎是不可能存在的。当今数字科技的发展给人们的生活带来了许多方便,当然也带来了一些不便之处。‎ ‎4. C bring...to an end意为＂使……结束,使……终止＂,符合语境。‎ ‎5. D sensitive敏感的;intelligent聪明的;considerate体贴的,考虑周到的;reachable可到达的,可得到的。由下文 ＂Being reachable might feel like...＂可知答案是D。‎ ‎6. A 即使他们不希望被联系到,也经常有人联系他们。even if即使,虽然,引导让步状语从句,符合语境。‎ ‎7. B 今天我们不仅可以用电脑来交谈、发短信、发电子邮件、聊天、写博客,而且也可以用手机做这些事情。‎ ‎8. D 大多数发达国家已变得依赖数字技术,因为他们已经习惯了数字技术。dependent on依赖。‎ ‎9. B 从这一点来说,不使用数字技术将会使他们成为局外人。‎ ‎10. A 而且许多工作和职业要求人们相互联系。A项正确。‎ ‎11. A 参见上题解析。‎ ‎12. C 对那些可能不想被时刻联系的人来说,被联系感觉是一个负担。pleasure愉快;benefit益处;burden负 ‎ ‎ 担;disappointment失望,沮丧。‎ ‎13. D 我想积极的一面是,独处对于那些真正想独处的人来说还是有可能的。really＂真正地,确实＂符合句 意。‎ ‎14. B shut down停止运转。电脑可以停止运转,手机可以被关掉。‎ Cloze 4(2014·上海卷)‎ ‎ Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple 　1　.‎ ‎ Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we  　2　 do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult 　3　 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.‎ ‎ So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 　4　, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 　5　issues.‎ ‎ Dunbar 　6　 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 　7　, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.‎ ‎ Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 　8　 of the higher primates(灵长类动物)like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or　9　from outside it.‎ ‎ As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 　10　 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 　11　__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to  　12　 the pressure and calm everybody down.‎ ‎ But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be　13　 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 　14　 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one　15　 contact. 1. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language ‎2. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally ‎3. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural ‎4. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters ‎5. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult ‎6. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens ‎7. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result ‎8. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour ‎9. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance ‎10. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses ‎11. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection ‎12. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease ‎13. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained ‎14. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. Thoughtful ‎15. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret ‎ 【语篇解读】试题分析：研究表明人们的语言大多数不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而很多是闲言碎语，这些闲言碎语是不是浪费时间呢，Robin Dunbar教授不是这样认为的，他认为闲言碎语是非常重要的，是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流形式。‎ ‎1．C 考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.宣称,B.描述，C.闲话，D.语言，根据上文的句子：可 知我们人类的大多数对话不是文化的，政治的问题，也不是关于电影和树的讨论，而就是简单的 闲言碎语，Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading下文多次出现gossip这个词，所以选C。‎ ‎4．D 考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.仰慕者，B.主人，C.使用者，D.浪费者，根据上文，So why are we keen on gossiping?我们为什么喜欢说些闲言碎语，因为我们是时间和语言的浪费者吗？ 所以选D。‎ ‎5．A 考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.至关重要的，B.敏感的，C.理想的，D.困难的，根据 上文的介绍，It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.可知Robin Dunbar教授不认为我们 是浪费时间，而认为闲言碎语是最重要的事情，所以选A。‎ ‎6．B 考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.证实，B.反对，C. 概述，略述，画轮廓，打草图D.拓 宽，根据上下文可知Robin Dunbar教授是反对传统的关于语言是在人类社会发展初期在组织打猎 的时候发展起来的这个观点，所以选B。‎ ‎7．C 考查词组辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.例如，B.此外，C.相反的，D.因此，根据上文的句子： Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk,可知：正相反的是，语言进化是是让我们说些闲言碎语的，所以 选C。‎ ‎8．D 考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.动机，B.外表，出现，C. 情感，D.行为，根据下文的 描述By means of grooming可知教授是通过研究灵长类动物的行为得出这个令人高兴的理论的，所 以选D。‎ ‎9．A 考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.进攻，B.联系，C.视察，D.帮助，根据上文的conflict 可知猴子和其他的个体形成群体来获得在内部冲突事件中或来自外界的进攻时的支持，所以选A。‎ ‎10．C 考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.回想，B.否认，C.下结论，结束，D. .承认，聆听(某人 的)忏悔，这句话的意思是：教授下结论说，我们在历史上做过相似的事情，所以选C。‎ ‎13．B 考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.拯救，B.延伸，延长，C.消费，消耗，D.获得，随着群 体越来越大，花在打扮上的时间就要延长来维持它的效果，所以选B。‎ ‎14．B 考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.常见的，普遍的，B.有效的，C.科学的，D.考虑周到 的，根据上文的effectiveness可知这里是需要一个更加有效的梳理毛发。所以选B。‎ ‎15．C 考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.间接的，B.日常的，C.物理的，身体的，D.秘密的， 语言演变成了有声的梳理毛发，它可以让人们通过比一对一的日常交流更多的人群中交换信息， 这样可以和更大的群体发展关系，所以选C。‎ 题组二 名校模拟 Cloze 1‎ ‎ A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not 　1　anyone who has seen the doggy parlors(客厅)where loved pets rest. It is possible that:  Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the English, too, are 　2　to their pets.‎ ‎ This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or at least, are 　3　less nutrition. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, 　4　veterinary(兽医的)bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel 　5　with this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is 　6　for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.‎ ‎ There are a variety of reasons why I find the popularity of British pets 　7　. They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies—a disease with no known cure—that has made the English government impose strict 　8　on animals coming into the United Kingdom. When the Spanish government recently 　9　a number of stray dogs as protection against the same threat, English tourists immediately wrote letters to the newspapers 　10　about 'mass murder'.‎ ‎ Another problem is the 　11　of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo". Then they just 　12　it. This brings me to my last point. Pets, which run free, are often not 　13　at all. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.‎ ‎ 　14　, I would only suggest that we have got our 　15　wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, it's time we stopped being sentimental about pets.‎ ‎1. A. alert B. surprise C. disappoint D. interest ‎2. A. kind B. polite C. subject D. available ‎3. A. seldom B. far C. frequently D. totally ‎4. A. in spite of B. regardless of ‎ ‎ C. not to mention D. rather than ‎5. A. delighted B. patient C. mention D. unsatisfied ‎6. A. usual B. natural C. concerned D. essential ‎7. A. inevitable B. understandable C. ridiculous D. common ‎8. A. orders B. punishments C. unacceptable D. restriction ‎9. A. cured B. destroyed C. treatments D. drove ‎10. A. inquiring B. caring C. enclosed D. complaining ‎11. A. thoughtlessness B. hesitation ‎ ‎ C. worrying D. kindness ‎12. A. isolate B. scold C. abandon D. bind ‎13. A. funny B. sweet C. desert D. loving ‎14. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Meanwhile ‎15. A. mind B. behavior C. love D. priority ‎ 【语篇解读】本文从养宠物这一现象入手，介绍了养宠物造成的花费大、容易携带病毒及造成流浪宠物等弊端。‎ ‎1．B 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的“anyone who has seen the doggy parlors where loved pets rest.”可 知，看到宠物在客厅里休息并不会使人们感到惊讶（surprise）。‎ ‎2．A 考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空前的“Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the English, too, are”可知，英国人也很喜欢（kind）宠物 ‎3．A 考查副词词义辨析。根据本空前的“This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or at least”可知，宠物的饮食很少（seldom）缺少营养。‎ ‎4．C 考查短语词义辨析。根据本空前的“Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone”可知，去年英国公众仅在宠物的食物上就花费了两亿英镑，更别提（not to mention） 兽医账单和宠物家具了。‎ ‎7．C 考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空后的“They cause physical problems.”可知，我感到英国人如此热衷 于养宠物的行为是可笑的（ridiculous）。‎ ‎8．D 考查名词词义辨析。根据本空前的“It is the threat of rabies—a disease with no known cure—that has made the English government impose strict”可知，宠物病菌对儿童的威胁使英国政府对宠物实行严格 的限制（restriction）。‎ ‎9．B 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的“a number of stray dogs as protection against the same threat”可知， 西班牙政府近期消灭（destroyed）大量的流浪狗以解决同样的威胁。‎ ‎10．D 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空前的“English tourists immediately wrote letters to the newspapers”可知， 英国游客马上给报社写信抱怨（complaining）这场大屠杀。‎ ‎11．A 考查名词词义辨析。根据本空后的“Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo".”可知，还有一个问 题是主人的欠考虑（thoughtlessness）。‎ ‎12．C 考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的“It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo".”可知，由于花费太 大，主人开始遗弃（abandon）宠物。‎ Cloze 2‎ ‎ Human growth is a process of experimentation, trial, and error eventually leading to wisdom. Each time you choose to trust yourself and take action, you can never quite be certain how the situation will 　1　.‎ ‎ Sometimes you are victorious, and sometimes you become disappointed. The 　2　experiments, however, are no less valuable than the experiments that finally prove successful; in fact, you 　3　learn more from your “failures” than you do from your 　4　. If you have made what you think to be a mistake or failed to live up to your own 　5　, you will most likely put up a barrier between your essence and the part of your that is the alleged(声称的)wrong-doer.‎ ‎ However, viewing past actions as 　6　implies guilt and blame, and it is not possible to learn anything meaningful while you are engaged in blaming. 　7　, forgiveness is required when you are severely judging yourself. Forgiveness is the act of erasing an 　8　debt. There are four kinds of forgiveness.‎ ‎ The first is beginner forgiveness for yourself.‎ ‎ The second of forgiveness is beginner forgiveness for another.‎ ‎ The third kind of forgiveness is 　9　forgiveness of yourself. This is for serious misbehaviors, the ones you carry with deep 　10　. When you do something that violates your own values and principles, you create a gap between your standards and your actual 　11　.‎ ‎ In such a case, you need to work very hard at 　12　yourself for these deeds so that you can close this gap. This does not 　13　that you should rush to forgive yourself or shouldn’t ‎ feel regret, 　14　taking pleasure in these feelings for a prolonged period of time is not healthy.‎ ‎ The 　15　and perhaps most difficult one of the advanced forgiveness of another.‎ ‎ At some time of our life, you may have been severely wronged or hurt by another person to such a degree that forgiveness seems 　16　.‎ ‎ However, harboring anger and revenge fantasies only keeps you 　17　in victimhood. Under such a circumstance, you should force yourself to see the bigger picture. By so doing, you will be able to 　18　the focus away from the anger and resentment.‎ ‎ It is only through forgiveness that you can erase wrongdoing and 　19　the memory. When you can 　20　release the situation, you may come to see it as a necessary part of your growth.‎ ‎1. A. turn out B. turn up C. break up D. break out ‎2. A. important B. engaged C. failed D. successful ‎3. A. obviously B. necessarily C. continuously D. usually ‎4. A. success B. failure C. fault D. benefit ‎5. A. ability B. expectations C. belief D. experiences ‎6. A. mistakes B. victories C. experiments D. fantasies ‎7. A. Still B. Therefore C. Instead D. However ‎8. A. absurd B. original C. emotional D. unusual ‎9. A. ordinary B. advanced C. alternative D. certain ‎10. A. wisdom B. mercy C. injury D. shame ‎11. A. thought B. approach C. behavior D. purpose ‎12. A. punishing B. forgiving C. blaming D. praising ‎13. A. mean B. prove C. reflect D. represent ‎14. A. and B. or C. but D. so ‎15. A. uncertain B. premier C. next D. last ‎16. A. essential B. valuable C. impossible D. unavoidable ‎17. A. trapped B. located C. lost D. occupied ‎18. A. drive B. drag C. put D. shift ‎19. A. keep B. refresh C. weaken D. clean ‎20. A. naturally B. finally C. definitely D. initially ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。在我们成长过程中，我们会做错事，别人可能会冤枉、伤害我们，我们会因此感到后悔、愤怒，这时我们需要做的就是：原谅自己、原谅他人。‎ ‎1．A 考查动词短语的辨析。根据逻辑关系可判断出，每次我们选择相信自己、采取行动的时候，我们 却永远无法确定形势会怎么发展。turn out意为“……地发展”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．B 考查名词的辨析。live up to one’s expectations是固定短语，意为“符合某人的期望”。‎ ‎6．A 考查名词的辨析。根据本句中的“guilt and blame”可判断出，是将过去的所做之事看作是错误，因 此mistake“错误”正确。‎ ‎7．B 考查副词的辨析。语境表示，一直自责的话，那就学不到任何有意义的东西了，因此，我们需要 原谅自己。所以Therefore“因此”符合语境。‎ ‎8．C 考查形容词的辨析。根据常识可判断出，原谅自己属于消除情感上的“债务”，因此emotional“情感 上的”正确。‎ ‎9．B 考查形容词的辨析。根据下文的描述可判断出，第三种原谅属于更深层次的、对自己的原谅，因 此advanced“高深的”正确。‎ ‎10．D 考查名词的辨析。根据常识可判断出，对于自己所犯的那些严重的不良行为，人们通常会有很深 的惭愧感。shame意为“惭愧”，符合句意。‎ ‎11．C 考查名词的辨析。语境表示，当我们做了一些违背自己的价值观和原则的事情的时候，我们的标 准和实际上的行为之间就会有一定隔阂，这样的话，我们就需要尽最大努力去原谅自己以消除那 些隔阂。behavior意为“行为”，符合语境。‎ ‎12．B 考查动词的辨析。根据上题分析可判断出，forgive“原谅”符合题意。‎ ‎13．A 考查动词的辨析。语境表示，但是这并不意味着我们要赶快原谅自己或不应该感到后悔，所以 mean“意味着”正确。‎ ‎14．C 考查连词的辨析。not…but…是固定短语，意为“不是……而是……”。‎ ‎15．D 考查形容词的辨析。根据第一段中的“There are four kinds of forgiveness”以及下文所述内容可判断 出，此处讲述的是这四种原谅中的最后一种，因此last“最后的”正确。‎ ‎20．B 考查副词的辨析。根据逻辑关系可判断出，当我们最终解决了这种情势，我们会认识到这是我们 成长中必不可少的一部分，因此finally“最终”正确。‎ Cloze 3‎ ‎ One of my fondest memories as a child is going by the river and sitting leisurely on the 　1　. There I would enjoy the peace and quiet, 　2　the water rush downstream and listen to the birdsong and the sound of leaves. I would also watch the bamboo trees 　3　under pressure from the wind and watch them return 　4　to their original position after the wind had 　5　.‎ ‎ 　6　I think about the bamboo tree’s ability to return to its 　7　position, the word "resilience" comes to my mind. When used 　8　a person this word means the ability to readily 　9　shock, depression or any other situations that 　10　a person’s emotions to the limit.‎ ‎ Have you ever felt like you are about to 　11　? Have you ever felt like you are at your breaking point? Thankfully, you have 　12　the experience and live to talk about it. During the experience you probably felt a mix of 　13　that threatened your health. You felt emotionally drained, mentally 　14　and you most likely endured unpleasant physical symptoms.‎ ‎ Life is a 　15　of good times and bad times, happy moments and unhappy moments. The next time you are 　16　those bad times or unhappy moments 　17　take you close to your breaking point, bend, but don’t break. Try your best not to let the situation get the best of you.‎ ‎ A measure of hope will take you 　18　the unpleasant torture.With hope for a better tomorrow or a better situation, things may not be as bad as they seem to be. The unpleasant torture may be easier to 　19　if the end result is worth having. When the going gets tough and you are at your breaking 　20　, show resilience. Like the bamboo tree, bend, but don’t break.‎ ‎1. A. chair B. beach C. bank D. boat ‎2. A. taste B. watch C. dive D. hit ‎3. A. bend B. break C. grow D. change ‎4. A. proudly B. gracefully C. painfully D. peacefully ‎5. A. died out B. died of C. died down D. died off ‎6. A. When B. While C. Since D. If ‎7. A. traditional B. personal C. occasional D. original ‎8. A. in reference to B. in hopes of C. in private D. in brief ‎9. A. recover from B. escape from C. run into D. bring out ‎10. A. expands B. stretches C. widens D. spreads ‎11. A. ignore B. split C. burst out D. break down ‎12. A. reflected B. survived C. abandoned D. suspected ‎13. A. emotions B. determinations C. sympathies D. beliefs ‎14. A. confused B. embarrassed C. exhausted D. frightened ‎15. A. series B. mixture C. flock D. variety ‎16. A. observing B. experiencing C. witnessing D. discovering ‎17. A. when B. where C. who D. that ‎18. A. across B. through C. during D. beneath ‎19. A. improve B. appreciate C. deal with D. consist in ‎20. A. occasion B. situation C. point D. conclusion ‎ 【语篇解读】近几年高考中,议论文也是高考完形填空选材的一种趋势。该类文章往往传播正能量,富有教益。我最美好的记忆就是沿着河边散步,然后悠闲地坐在岸边聆听鸟鸣和风吹竹叶的声音,层层竹林在风的吹动下弯腰但又完好无损地回到原来的位置,由此我悟出一个道理:人应该像竹子一样能屈能伸,优雅面对生活中的挑战。‎ ‎1．C 考查名词。根据空格前的"going by the river "可知,此处表示悠闲地坐在岸边,所以选C。chair"椅子 ",beach"沙滩",bank"岸",boat"船"。解答完形填空题的关键在于根据语境或上下文的提示,迅速排除干 扰选项。如本题,空格前提到"One of my fondest memories as a child is going by the river",根据常识可 以很容易排除A项,又因为河边不可能有沙滩,故排除B项。在船上一般用in the boat,故排除D项。‎ ‎2．B 考查动词。根据后文"I would also watch the bamboo trees..."可知此处为原词复现,所以选B。‎ ‎6．A 考查连词。当我想起竹子有能力回到它原来位置的时候, "resilience" 这个单词便出现在了我的脑海 中。此处应用when引导时间状语从句,意为 "当……时候",所以选A。‎ ‎7．D 考查上下文暗示。根据前文中的"to their original position"可知,此处表示回到原来的位置,所以选D。 traditional"传统的",personal"个人的",occasional"偶然的",original"原来的"。‎ ‎8．A 考查语境选词。根据后文中的"this word means the ability to readily　 9　 shock, depression or any other situations that　 10 　a person’s emotions to the limit"可知,此处作者由物及人,说明了当用来 提到人的时候,这个单词意味着什么。所以选A。‎ ‎9．A 考查动词短语。根据语境可知,此处表示人从震惊、沮丧或其他情形中恢复,所以选A。recover from" 从……中恢复",escape from"从……逃脱",run into"撞上",bring out"使显现"。‎ ‎10．B 考查语境选词。根据语境可知此处表示从震惊、沮丧或者其他让一个人的情感消耗殆尽的情形中 恢复,所以选B。expand"扩大,扩展";stretch"(大量地)使用,消耗,伸展";widen"加宽";spread"传播,展开"。‎ ‎11．D 考查语境选词。根据语境可知,此处表示你曾经感觉到你即将垮掉了吗,所以选D。下文中的"breaking point"也是提示。ignore"忽视,对……不予理会";split"分开,分裂";burst out"突然激动地喊叫,突然开始 (做某事)";break down"垮掉"。‎ ‎12．B 考查动词。此处表示谢天谢地,你从这次的经历中幸存下来,所以选B。reflect"反映",survive"幸存 ",abandon"放弃",suspect"怀疑"。‎ ‎13．A 考查名词。根据"You felt emotionally drained, mentally　　 and you most likely endured unpleasant physical symptoms"的描述可知,此处表示你可能会有各种情绪,所以选A。‎ ‎14．C 考查形容词。根据语境可知,此处表示你感到萎靡不振,精力枯竭,而你的身体状况也不佳,所以选C。 confused"迷惑的",embarrassed"尴尬的",exhausted"筋疲力尽的",frightened"害怕的"。‎ ‎15．B 考查名词。根据前文中的" you probably felt a mix of 13(emotions) that threatened your health"可知,生 活是一种顺境和逆境、快乐的时光和不快乐的时光的混合,所以选B。‎ ‎20．C 考查名词。如果事情变得棘手,而你也达到了自己的爆发点,那么就表现得灵活一些。所以选C。此 处为原词复现,上文中的"take you close to your breaking point"是提示。‎ Cloze 4‎ ‎ Why do we need inspiration? The answer is purely psychological. According to a magazine on 　1　, by the time a child reaches the age of 18, the concept of "No,you can’t!" has been strengthened 187 000 times, 　2　the concept of "Yes, you can!" has been strengthened 　3　about 25—30 times.‎ ‎ With this in mind, it is no 　4　that so many people grow up to be failures or less than successful. Today’s society 　5　us this way. We simply do not believe we can win. Personally, I was 　6　. While I grew up, my parents, teachers and classmates gave me tons of inspiration and 　7　to pursue my creative abilities in both music and art. My wife taught in public school for over three decades, 　8　my skills and knowledge to develop. Although we are by no 　9　financially independent, by working at home and being 　10　to our three children, I feel extremely successful in my quality of life.‎ ‎ I have always believed "true living" is 　11　each day to work at what you love to do more than 　12　else in the world. But, most people become programmed — work hard and make a living whether they 　13　doing the work or not — perhaps at the 　14　of life.‎ ‎ In order to be truly 　15　financially, emotionally and spiritually, you’ve got to be filled with 　16　for what you are doing. Talent is a gift, but it must first be 　17　, then developed.‎ ‎ Once this passion grows into a highly trained skill, you will become an extremely knowledgeable and a highly 　18　specialist.‎ ‎ To identify your talent, you must first search for your major 　19　. When you find something you truly love doing, study and training seem 　20　.‎ ‎1. A. psychology B. medicine C. physics D. astronomy ‎2. A. since B. while C. when D. until ‎3. A. already B. well C. still D. only ‎4. A. point B. wonder C. doubt D. sense ‎5. A. inspires B. excites C. programs D. prevents ‎6. A. ambitious B. healthy C. curious D. fortunate ‎7. A. encouragement B. books C. demands D. comment ‎8. A. stopping B. helping C. allowing D. limiting ‎9. A. method B. means C. way D. condition ‎10. A. familiar B. available C. accessible D. affordable ‎11. A. waking B. working C. struggling D. enjoying ‎12. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ‎13. A. keep B. avoid C. deny D. like ‎14. A. mercy B. rate C. expense D. bottom ‎15. A. successful B. wealthy C. capable D. independent ‎16. A. strength B. hope C. concern D. passion ‎17. A. developed B. admitted C. discovered D. invented ‎18. A. paid B. skilled C. experienced D. found ‎19. A. skill B. problem C. advantage D. interest ‎20. A. worthless B. priceless C. effortless D. powerless ‎ 【语篇解读】高考完形填空试题考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。议论文体裁的完形填空难度一般大于记叙文。本文为议论文,议论的内容是我们都需要被激励,以便能在经济上、情感上以及精神上获得成功,从而过上自己喜欢的真正的生活。文章内容积极向上,可读性很强,对于如何教育孩子很有启发,完全符合新课标下的高考命题思想。文章论点鲜明,论据真实可信,论证有力。随着高考对考生阅读能力要求的提高,议论文体裁的完形填空出现的可能性很大,应引起重视。‎ ‎1．A 考查语境选词。由上文中的"The answer is purely psychological"可知,此处表示有关心理学的杂志,故 选A。medicine"医学",physics"物理学",astronomy"天文学"。‎ ‎2．B 考查连词的用法。此处为两组数据"187 000 times"和"about 25—30 times"的对比,故用while。since 表示原因,when表示时间,until"直到……",均不符合语境。‎ ‎6．D 考查语境选词。由下文中的"While I grew up, my parents, teachers and classmates gave me tons of inspiration..."可以看出我认为自己是幸运的(fortunate)。ambitious"有雄心的",healthy"健康的 ",curious"好奇的"。‎ ‎7．A 考查名词辨析。由语境"While I grew up, my parents, teachers and classmates gave me tons of inspiration "可知,应用encouragement与inspiration相呼应。此处表示在我成长过程中,父母、老师、 同学给了我很多鼓励。‎ ‎8．C 考查动词辨析。此处讲述的是自己的幸运之处,因此用allow sth. to do sth. 符合语境。此处表示我的 妻子在公立学校教书教了三十多年,使得我的知识和技能得到发展。‎ ‎9．B 考查语境选词。由前面的介词by可知应用by no means"决不,一点也不"。此处表示我们在经济上没 有独立。‎ ‎10．B 考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知,此处指的是有空陪三个孩子。familiar"熟悉的";available"可获得的, 有空的";accessible"可到达的";affordable"买得起的"。结合语境可知选B。‎ ‎11．A 考查语境选词。我一向认为真正的生活是每天醒来(wake)做自己喜欢做的事。按照生活常识可知一 天是从醒来开始的。work"工作";struggle"努力";enjoy"喜欢",注意enjoy后不接不定式。‎ ‎12．B 考查不定代词的用法。more than anything else为常用表达,此处将喜欢的事情和世界上其他任何事 情进行对比,表示我一向认为真正的生活是每天醒来做自己喜欢做的事而不是别的任何事情。‎ ‎13．D 考查动词辨析。本段第一句可知我主张要做自己喜欢做的事情,此处讲的是另一类人的情况,他们不 管自己喜欢(like)与否,就像被设定了程序一样,以自己的生命为代价努力为谋生而工作,故选D。‎ ‎14．C 考查名词辨析。参考上题解析可知,此处表示以自己的生命为代价努力为谋生而工作。故选C。at the expense of ..."在牺牲……的情况下",at the mercy of ..."任由……摆布",at the bottom of... "在……的底 部",at the rate of..."以……的速度"。‎ ‎15．A 考查形容词辨析。由文章第二段中的"so many people grow up to be failures or less than successful"可 知本篇探讨的主题是为何那么多人不那么成功,因此此处表示为了真正成功(successful)。故选A。 wealthy"富裕的",capable"能力强的",independent"独立的"。‎ ‎16．D 考查名词辨析。由下文中的"Once this passion grows into a highly trained skill, you will become an extremely knowledgeable..."可知,此处强调的是工作、生活要有热情。故选D。strength"力量",hope" 希望",concern"关心"。‎ ‎20．C 考查形容词辨析。一旦你找到真正热爱做的事情,学习和训练似乎毫不费力(effortless)。worthless" 无价值的";priceless"无价的";effortless"容易的,不需费力的";powerless"无影响力的"。‎