【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解（科技类）原创试题训练学案之六

【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解（科技类）原创试题训练学案之六

‎2020届 二轮复习 阅读理解（科技类）原创试题训练学案之六 ‎1、When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”, it was hard to imagine this dynamic 11-year-old girl could settle a problem that has escaped scientists for years.‎ In just three months, Rao came up with a device(装置)that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead(铅) levels in our fresh water. Inspired by the current litigation (诉讼)in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 to 2015, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named America’s Top Young Scientist for 2017.‎ Rao had been following the water problem for about two years. She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this. Gitanjali spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment. At home, Gitanjali worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her. Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app. To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管) that react to lead. This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which ‎ sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.‎ Rao appropriately named the device Tethys after the Greek goddess of fresh water, and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market. While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development. With Rao believing that the “purpose of science is to make a difference”, her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.‎ ‎1.What do we know about Rao’s device?‎ A.It’s cheap and quick. B.It’s cheap and inaccurate.‎ C.It’s expensive and reliable. D.It’s portable and time-consuming.‎ ‎2.What made Rao have the idea of designing the device?‎ A.Her parents’ suggestions. B.The name of the Greek goddess.‎ C.Her interest in settling real problems. D.The water pollution litigation in Flint.‎ ‎3.What do the carbon nanotubes function as?‎ A.Sending immediate signals. B.Recording the reaction results.‎ C.Cetecting the presence of lead. D.Showing the water quality results.‎ ‎4.What does the author think of Rao’s invention?‎ A.It will lead Rao to make a fortune.‎ B.It will help millions of Americans drink safe water.‎ C.It will promote the development of science in America.‎ D.It will soon settle the lead-polluted problem thoroughly.‎ ‎2、We know that our smartphones are expertly-designed distraction devices that weaken our efforts to resist. But, we also know that resistance is important if we’re ever going to find a workable middle ground with our phones – and a recent  has served up another reason to strengthen our resolve.‎ Here it is: when you pick up your phone while doing anything mentally challenging, you're handicapping your brain’s ability to recharge and performance predictably decreases.‎ That’s the conclusion of a study that put roughly 400 college students to task solving challenging word puzzles. When they were about halfway through, the researchers allowed most of the students to take a break either using their phones, using a computer or reading a print circular. Other students were told to just keep on working without any sort of break. ‎ The results showed that the students who took a break with their phones were the worst performers of all the groups. They took 19% longer to finish the tasks and they solved 22% fewer word-problems than all the other groups combined. In fact, the cell-phone group’s efficiency ‎ and processing speed was about the same as the group that took no break.       ‎ The reason offered by the researchers isn’t merely because digital devices are inherently engaging(迷人的), but because our smartphones are attention gates into so many other attention-catching areas, each pulling our mental energy in different directions.  ‎ This research stresses that we ignored the energy reduction from using our smartphones, and that we were over-confident about what our brains can handle. We also overlooked the emotional connection we'd developed with our phones. It's no longer just a device. It's a companion.‎ ‎“It is important to know the costs associated with reaching for this device during every spare minute,” Kurtzberg added. “We assume it’s no different from any other break – but the phone may carry increasing levels of distraction that make it difficult to return focused attention to work tasks.”‎ ‎1.What does “resolve” in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A.Finding a workable phone. B.Resisting using phones.‎ C.Making full use of phones. D.Upgrading personal phones.‎ ‎2.The underlined word “handicapping” in Paragraph 2 probably means ___________.‎ A.strengthening B.performing C.weakening D.changing ‎3.What can we learn from the research?‎ A.There are two groups of students in the research.‎ B.All the students can not take a break in the research.‎ C.The cell-phone group did best in solving the puzzles.‎ D.Students have to complete word puzzles before the break.‎ ‎4.What’s the main idea of the Paragraph 6?‎ A.The phone is no longer favored by people. ‎ B.The phone is not as powerful as expected.‎ C.People cannot connect emotionally with phones. ‎ D.People didn’t fully understand the effect of phones.‎ ‎3、Many Americans think of driverless cars as a futuristic technology that will revolutionize travel in cities and along state highways. But recent experiments are proving that autonomous vehicles also have the potential to improve the quality of life for millions of Americans underserved by traditional modes of transportation, such as the elderly and disabled, so long as lawmakers make smart policies that pave the way for innovation.‎ A retirement community in San Jose, Calif. , which has been transformed by a small fleet of driverless taxis, shows the potential of self-driving cars to transform people’s lives. Built by a tech start-up called Voyage, the modified Ford Fusions are currently limited to a two-mile road, but residents are already having the benefits of these autonomous vehicles, which allow them to participate in social activities ‎ they would otherwise be unable to enjoy simply because they could not get to them.‎ When the trial run finally expands to 15 miles of road, these residents—whose average age is 76—will also have a convenient and reliable new way to appointments. As these cars continue to serve residents there, it is easy to understand why California is moving to simplify regulations for the industry.‎ In Michigan, forward-thinking policies have the potential to unlock other hidden benefits of autonomous vehicles, especially for those with physical disabilities. The Michigan Disability Rights Coalition has strongly advocated for the development of this technology, saying that it could give people with disabilities greater opportunities in the workforce and enable them to lead more fulfilling, independent lives.‎ Many recognize that autonomous vehicles will be the future of transportation, but it is too often overlooked that this future cannot arrive fast enough for millions of Americans who are forced to depend on others for day-to-day travel. The policymakers should follow the lead of places like California and Michigan, and pass rules and regulations to unlock these hidden benefits of driverless cars.‎ ‎1.What’s the attitude of most American people to the future of autonomous vehicles?‎ A.Curious. B.Doubtful. C.Indifferent. D.Optimistic.‎ ‎2.What is the modified Ford Fusion?‎ A.A kind of autonomous vehicle. B.A fleet of driverless taxis.‎ C.A road for driverless cars. D.A retirement community.‎ ‎3.What are examples in California and Michigan to prove?‎ A.Driverless cars’ disadvantages. B.Governments’ right decisions.‎ C.Benefits to the aged and the disabled. D.The regulations are forward-thinking.‎ ‎4.What does the author attempt to inform us in the last paragraph?‎ A.The benefits of driverless cars have been fully unlocked.‎ B.Regulations should go hand in hand with driverless technology.‎ C.The concept of autonomous vehicles has been widely recognized.‎ D.The weak groups are often overlooked despite technology advances.‎ ‎4、    A 27-year-old inventor, Joco Paulo Lammoglia, has come up with a new device named the AIRE mask, which is capable of converting the wind energy provided by the wearer’s breath into electrical energy. This means breathing has become a source of renewable energy. The inspiration for the invention came from his watching children blowing on pinwheels(玩具风车).‎ ‎    The device is worn like a mask equipped with tiny wind turbines(涡轮机) and it can work its magic even while people are sleeping, jogging or hanging around,since energy is created from one’s breath. The principle of this AIRE mask is simple. The invention uses the wind flow created by ‎ breathing and changes it into energy that can charge mobile phones and iPods. Simply put this mask connected to your mobile phone on your face. The rest takes place naturally through your breath that provides power to run turbines which produce electricity.‎ ‎    Lammoglia explained how useful he hopes the AIRE will become. He said, "I hope to bring the concept into production and reduce the carbon footprint. It can be used indoors or outdoors, while you’re sleeping, walking,running or even reading books. " Apart from saving energy and contributing to the environmental protection, it also encourages the practice of physical exercise. This is an entirely all-time renewable energy source. Its energy is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.‎ ‎    Lammoglia explained why he thought the AIRE was so useful, saying, "Though many of our modern devices offer benefits, they tend to consume a high amount of electrical energy. This may cause environmental problems, especially if the energy used by these devices is obtained from non-renewable energy sources.‎ ‎    The AIRE mask will be the future cheaper energy source of charging mobile phones. It would save energy and allow people to never have to worry about their phone dying unless they stop breathing.‎ ‎1.The underlined word “converting” (Para. 1 ) is closest in meaning to ‎ ___________. A.charging B.convincing C.exchanging D.transforming 2.Lammoglia would most probably agree that the AIRE mask __________. A.consumes a high amount of energy B.will account for environmental damage C.is a good solution to energy issues D.is available in the shop now 3.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A.An electronic mask B.A breath-powered device C.A new renewable energy source D.An air-purifying device ‎5、A new keyboard can tell whether you are its owner. The keyboard records information about the typing pattern and sends it to a computer program. The program then checks to see if the typing pattern and sends it to a computer program. The program then checks to see if the pattern matches the right user, If not, an alarm sounds, and the computer locks the typist out. It locks out anyone else, even if than person knows password. What’s more, this device needs no batteries. It harvests all the person knows your password. What’s more, this device needs no batteries. It harvests all the energy it needs from the action of your typing. Besides, the keyboard is also self-cleaning and the keys are free of damage from water, oil and dirt.‎ The keys of the new keyboard are made of the same inexpensive plastic that might be found on any other standard keyboard. But instead ‎ of being smooth, the keys have millions of tiny plastic nanowires(纳米线)on their surface area to every key, increasing the effective contact area between the plastics and fingers. This ensures that there’s enough power to run the keyboard as someone types.‎ Liming Dai, a scientist, did not work on the new keyboard, but he thinks the design could be important in getting better performance from a variety of devices. “It could also be applied to a touch screen, for instance,” Dai says. “Then smartphones and notepads could harvest energy from the action of someone typing or drawing.”‎ ‎“Future work might make the keyboard even more useful,” Dai adds. “A later design might build tiny capacitors(电容器)onto the nanowires,” he suggests. Capacitors are little devices that temporarily store electric charges. Those might then LEDs to light a Keyboard in the dark.‎ Zhonglin Wang is a co-designer of the new keyboard. His team has build a working model of the keyboard. “If a company decides to fund(投资)its production, this keyboard could be in stores in as little as two years,” says Wang.‎ ‎1.How does the new keyboard tell whether you are its owner?‎ A.By matching the typing pattern to the right user.‎ B.By sending alarms to a computer program.‎ C.By checking the right user's passwords.‎ D.By recording information about the typing pattern.‎ ‎2.Why are there many nanowires on the surface of the keys?‎ A.Toincrease the effective contact area. B.To improve the speed of typing.‎ C.To make the keys smooth. D.To help produce power.‎ ‎3.What’s Dai’s attitude to the new keyboard?‎ A.Unconcerned B.Doubtful C.Positive D.Critical.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.A New Keyboard Made of Nanowires B.A New Keyboard Entirely Owned by you C.A New Keyboard's Future. D.A New Keyboard Powered by Typing ‎6、The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.‎ Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.‎ Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.‎ These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”‎ ‎"But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to."‎ Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, "The Drive LAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.‎ ‎"For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.‎ ‎"We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”‎ ‎1.What is the purpose of the Drive LAB? A.To explore new means of ‎ transport. B.To design new types of cars. C.To find out older driver's problems. D.To teach people traffic rules. 2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A.It keeps them independent. B.It helps them save time. C.It builds up their strength. D.It cures their mental illnesses. 3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A.Improve their driving skills. B.Develop driver-assist technologies. C.Provide tips on repairing their cars. D.Organize regular physical checkups. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.A new Model Electric Car B.A Solution to Traffic Problems C.Driving Services for Elders D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road ‎7、Many Android and iPhone owners use Google services on their mobile phones or tablets. One of the most widely used location(位置)services is Google Maps. When someone uses Google Maps, information about times and locations are recorded and stored.‎ Google also uses tracking tools with other services. Weather apps, for example,are designed to identify a user's location to provide local weather information. Even some Google Internet searches can result in the collection of information about exactly where a person was when the search was made.‎ Google says it collects the data to improve users' localized experiences. But such practices have also raised privacy concerns. Privacy activists have called on Google and other major technology companies to make it easier for users to turn off location services if they do not want to be tracked. In some ways, Google is clear about asking permission to use location information. For instance, Google Maps will seek approval from a user to give the app access to locations. If a user agrees to let Google collect location information over time, Google Maps will show this history in a "timeline" that shows the personas daily movements.‎ Google also has a "Location Historysetting. The company says any user can turn off Location History at any time. And when Location History is turned off for a users account, it is turned off for all equipment linked to that Google account. But the AP (Associated Press) found this does not appear to be true, finding that Google continued to save location history even if a user had turned off Location History.‎ Google states users can stop the saving of all location markers by turning off another setting, however, which is not clearly identified as being connected to location tracking. The setting is called "Web and App Activityn". It stores different kinds of information from Google apps and websites to a users Google account.‎ ‎1.Why does the author mention Weather apps?‎ A.To stress Google sendees are widely used. B.To show many apps can track a users location.‎ C.To prove Google collects users' data illegally. D.To advise people to stop using them.‎ ‎2.What is the voice from the privacy activists?‎ A.Users should use the Internet less. B.Google should stop tracking users.‎ C.Google should respect users' privacy. D.Google should turn off location services.‎ ‎3.What does the author indicate in paragraph 4?‎ A.The Location History setting is difficult to find.‎ B.The AP asks Google to remove Location History.‎ C.Turning off Location History can avoid being tracked.‎ D.What Google announces is hardly consistent with the fact.‎ ‎4.Which can best summarize the passage?‎ A.Google still tracks you with Location History off.‎ B.Using Google puts you into a dangerous state.‎ C.Google services urgently need to get improved.‎ D.Web and App Activity has endangered peopled life.‎ ‎8、Riding on an exercise bike at home may keep you in physical shape, but it can get pretty boring after a while. Aaron Puzey had been on his exercise bike for half an hour a day for years when he decided to look for a way to make it a bit more fun.‎ With virtual reality technology widely available nowadays, all he needed to do was find a way of applying it to his needs. So he set out to build an app for the Samsung Galaxy Gear VR headset(头戴式视图器) which would allow him to hook it up to Google Street view and make it seem like he's cycling through different real-life locations.‎ Building the app to download the 3D data from Street View and make it viewable in the VR headset was the toughest part of his project. Other than that, all he needed to do was tape a Bluetooth monitor to his exercise bike. Although the quality of the images sometimes leaves a lot to be desired, leaving complex scenes like trees looking like a mess, Aaron has been having a lot of fun on his journey.‎ Aaron's project is obviously no substitute(替代品) for real outdoor cycling as it lacks things like the wind blowing in your face or the pain of battling an uphill climb, but it has given him a goal, as well as the chance to take in the beauty of places he might have otherwise never seen. It definitely beats staring at a wall or at the TV for 30 minutes, anyway.‎ Obviously, Aaron's set up the officially allows him to ride a bike anywhere around the world. He says he has always wanted to see Japan, so once his ride comes to an end, he plans to start another one across the Land of the Rising Sun.‎ ‎1.Why did Aaron Puzey build the app?‎ A.To invent a new kind of bicycle B.To participate in a competition.‎ C.To satisfy the needs of the public. D.To add fun to his exercise bike routine ‎2.Which of the following can best describe Aaron Puxey?‎ A.Creative. B.Ambitious. C.Funny. D.Boring.‎ ‎3.What was the challenge for Puzey in his project?‎ A.Changing the 3D data into pictures.‎ B.Downloading the software from the Internet.‎ C.Making the 3D data viewable in the headset.‎ D.Taping a Bluetooth monitor lo his exercise bike.‎ ‎4.What might be the best title for the text?‎ A.Cycling Across the World at Home B.The Lazy Man and His Crazy Idea C.A New Way of Cycling Without Effort D.A Substitute for Real Outdoor Cycling ‎9、Many shopping malls now have special areas that offer shoppers their first chance to experience "VR technology". You may have entered ‎ one out of curiosity,or you may think it is just another piece of useless technology. Whatever your opinion,VR,or virtual (虚拟的)reality, is going to become a big part of our lives very soon.‎ ‎2016 saw the introduction of many fancy products in the world of VR,including Microsoft’s HoloLens and Samsung’s Gear VR. All of them offer an exciting look at the new realities and opportunities that VR brings. These,however, are the early days of a technology that is expected to go from strength to strength. And 2017 looks like it is going to be the year in which VR technology really takes off.‎ For a start, using VR will become more normal in 2017. Microsoft and Intel have already discussed their plans for simpler and less expensive VR headsets.‎ ‎"The idea of VR will stop being a sci-fi (science fiction) idea, and instead it will turn into an industry of real products used as ways to show off imagination, " said Andrew, a designer at US VR company, Survios. It is also expected that VR products will play a part in more common and real-life fields like fashion and film. For example, to enjoy the atmosphere and energy of the front row experience at a fashion show,fans will no longer have to go along in the flesh. Instead people will be able to enjoy the experience by just wearing a VR headset at home.‎ You can also expect VR mirrors and fitting rooms sooner rather than later. "This is an especially good opportunity for brands looking to offer ‎ very personalized experiences," said Roy De Young from US-based marketing agency, PMX.‎ ‎1.Why do many shopping malls have areas for VR experiences?‎ A.To collect shoppers5 opinions. B.To meet the demands of shoppers.‎ C.To entertain shoppers with new technology. D.To introduce the new technology to shoppers.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined phrase "in the flesh" mean?‎ A.in time B.in person C.in line D.in order ‎3.What can we know about VR products from the passage?‎ A.They are not expensive at present. B.They won’t be accepted for many years.‎ C.They will meet more personal demands. D.They are being used almost everywhere.‎ ‎4.What may be the best title for the passage?‎ A.VR Meets Our Life Goal B.VR Mirrors Are Coming C.VR Takes Over Fashion D.VR Is Becoming Real ‎10、We all know that Apple iPad is designed mainly for business people. But besides business people there are many other people who are interested in getting one. Students are very interested in the latest technology. So you cannot keep Apple iPad away from students.The question is: Should they buy an Apple iPad?‎ Apple iPad has many features that would work for students, which means that students do not have to carry books for reference. They can use e-books because Apple iPad has a big screen that makes reading a pleasure. You can even write on iPad. So it works as an all-in-one tool that is so light that it can be put in any backpack. The battery life of Apple iPad is around 10 hours, which is clearly a good point for students. The touch screen is big and iPad does not create any noise while it is working. In a word, Apple iPad does have some features that would do good to students.‎ However, students might have to slow down their work because Apple iPad struggles when it comes to doing many tasks at the same time. It would create a problem if the student has to take down notes quickly while the iPad does not allow him/her to work well. Another thing that students might not be happy with is that there is no keyboard.Though iPad has an on-screen keyboard, it might not be as useful as a real keyboard. Apple iPad has no USB port(端口)or SD card slot (插卡槽), which means students will not be able to share information quickly among themselves.‎ Therefore, I don’t think it’s necessary for students to buy an iPad. It may not work as well as they expect. They can buy a netbook for their study. It would work better for them.‎ ‎1.What is the author mainly talking about?‎ A.Who should buy an Apple iPad. B.What an Apple iPad can do for students.‎ C.Whether Apple iPad can attract students. D.Whether students should buy an Apple iPad.‎ ‎2.According to the author, Apple iPad is mainly designed for_______.‎ A.people who are in the business world B.people who like reading books online C.students who hate taking books for reference D.people who are interested in the latest technology ‎3.While using Apple iPad, students________.‎ A.can take down notes quickly B.shouldn't use a real keyboard C.can’t put SD cards into it D.can share information quickly with others ‎11、    NASA might be famous for sending rockets up to space quickly. But it will be more famous for making your next holiday come more quickly.‎ ‎    The space agency is working on a new plane, which could solve the problems of supersonic(超音速的) flight and vastly increase the speed of journeys abroad. If successful, the plane would be able to fly between New York and London in just three hours. And it would reduce the time spent flying other journeys by a half, since it could be used more broadly. Until now, the problem with such planes has been the sonic boom(声爆),‎ ‎ made famous by the original Concorde. That happens when a plane reaches supersonic speeds.‎ ‎    It is a thunderous noise that upsets people on the ground---- disturbing animals and even causing physical problems to materials and houses underneath. It was that effect that led Congress to ban such planes from being used over the US land, a decision that in turn was responsible for Concorde’s failing to be commercially used.‎ ‎    In view of the problem, the space agency has developed a new technology and tried it out in wind tunnels, and now believes that it could be put to commercial use. That plane will fly as high as 55,000 feet---- far higher than normal planes---and make a sound of only 60 decibels. That’s far less than 90 decibels thrown out by normal planes, and is roughly in line with a car on the motorway or a busy restaurant.‎ ‎    “As long as we can get endorsement from the general public, the plane will probably be something that’s acceptable,” said Peter Coen, project manager for NASA’s commercial supersonic research team, in a new Bloomberg report. “If we get approved, we will have the full-sized version of the plane tried out and the plane will be put into use.”‎ ‎1.Why does the author mention Concorde? A.To suggest the rapid development of planes. B.To stress the negative effect of sonic booms. C.To introduce how a commercial plane is ‎ designed. D.To show Congress’ important role in making planes. 2.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A.The basic data of the new plane. B.The working principle of the new plane. C.The problems of the new plane. D.The potential market of the new plane. 3.What does the underlined word “endorsement” in paragraph 5 mean? A.Response B.Commitment. C.Investment D.Agreement 4.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To inform people of NASA’s new plane. B.To prove the disadvantages of supersonic flight. C.To explain why speed matters in supersonic flight. D.To clarify some misunderstandings about commercial planes.‎ ‎12、Smartphone photography is not making us dumber. It is shifting the way our minds work, refocusing our attention.‎ Alixandra Barasch, a cognitive(认知的) scientist at New York University, has run similar studies at Stanford, where participants either take photos or don't take photos while on a museum tour. When instructed to take photos of an exhibit, her participants were more likely ‎ to remember visual aspects of their experience (the art and other things they saw) than if they didn't take photos. But there's a trade-off : The participants taking photos were less likely to remember information they heard.‎ ‎"Photos are increasing visual memories." Barasch says, "but it doesn't come without a cost." And that cost is our attention. If we are so focused on photos and visuals, we are more likely to ignore other things around us. And what gets ignored does not get remembered.‎ The lesson here is that we're probably limiting our experience when we're so focused on our cameras. Photos and recordings are always going lo be a thin slice of what you experienced. " When we look back on those photos, they do serve as memory cues, but they're not necessarily reminding us of the whole story. They were taken merely by our eyes. What were other senses doing then?" says Linda Henkel, a psychologist from Fairfield University.‎ Barasch's research finds evidence that smartphones are changing what we notice — they are redirecting or refocusing our attention. When we are hunting for the perfect Facebook shot, we’re not listening,we’re not smelling, and we're not always paying attention to the beautiful, complex small details that make up the moment.‎ ‎1.What is the best title for the text? A.Camera narrows our ‎ attention B.How smartphones affect our life C.Go back to the old-style cameras D.Why not put away your smartphones 2.What can we conclude from Barasch's study? A.Camera use can lead to some failure in memory. B.Photographing is forbidden in the museums. C.Participants took photos randomly during the tour. D.Participants taking photos remember information better. 3.What does Henkel advise us to do? A.Make the impossible possible. B.Get our senses fully employed. C.Pay attention to people around us. D.Get well prepared for the possible future. 4.What is the author's attitude towards smartphone photography? A.Satisfactory. B.Supportive. C.Sorry. D.Hateful.‎ ‎13、Often people use laptops(笔记本电脑）on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms. ‎ Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1»500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $ 10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. Besides, they will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees—anywhere at all!‎ Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities，is workable(可行的）.As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. Also, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too. 1.What does this passage mainly talk about? A.Laptops are very popular in universities of America. B.More laptops are being used in universities of America. C.People like using laptops everywhere, including in universities. D.Laptops will be used in Westlake College in ‎ Virginia. 2.The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to . A.do their schoolwork B.have access to the Internet C.send e-mails D.connect them to libraries 3.The underlined word “speak”in the second paragraph most probably means “ ”. A.talk with speakers B.talk with one’s mouth C.communicate D.use the computer language 4.Which of the following is true about Westlake College? A.It is an old college in America. B.1,500 students have laptops. C.All students use computers. D.Students there can do everything.‎ ‎14、In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. I’ve got a good horse under me.”‎ ‎    The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system, but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.‎ ‎    An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet.‎ ‎    This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?‎ ‎    That’s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building’s foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman’s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed ‎ open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening.‎ ‎    Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.‎ ‎1.The author mentions the joke to show_________. A.horses were fairly useful in Chicago B.Chicago’ streets were extremely muddy C.Chicago was very dangerous in the spring D.the Chicago people were particularly humorous 2.The city planners were convinced by Elllis Chesbrough to__________. A.get rid of the street dirt B.lower the Chicago River C. fight against heavy floods D.build the pipes above ground 3.The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means ‎ ___________. A.change B.lift C.repair D.decorate 4.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? A.It went on smoothly as intended. B.It interrupted the business of the hotel. C.It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews. D.It separated the building from its foundation.‎ ‎5.The passage is mainly about the early Chicago’s_________.‎ A. popular life styles and their influences ‎ B.environmental disasters and their causes C. engineering problems and their solutions D. successful businessmen and their achievements ‎15、    China will build a comprehensive (综合性的) network to detect (检测) pollution of the land, sea and air by 2020, employing satellites, drones(无人机)and remote sensors to monitor the environment.‎ ‎    The national leadership agreed to the network plan in July, saying the government will lead the monitoring, share information among departments and regions, and be held accountable (追究责任) if violations (违规行为) are found, the Ministry of Environmental Protection said on Tuesday.‎ ‎    Satellites, a major tool for monitoring air pollution, will receive a boost (大力发展)  this year. The ministry said it will accelerate research on two atmospheric environmental monitoring satellites.‎ ‎    The ministry will improve a remote sensor network, guided by the goals of the 13th Five-Year Plan(2016-2020), which is scheduled to be released at the end of this year, according to the ministry’s Environmental Supervision Department.‎ ‎    Remote monitoring has played a bigger role in locating pollution sources. Drones helped authorities locate polluted areas in the Tengger Desert in northern China and identify scattered summer straw burnings.‎ ‎    Hebei province, which has a serious air pollution problem, has cooperated with the ministry’s Satellite Environment Center to conduct monitoring from satellites and monitoring stations since January last year.‎ ‎    “We used the data from the center’s satellites to forecast the movement of smog during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meetings in November, ”Zhang Feng, an engineer in the Environmental Supervision Department of the provincial environmental watchdog, said on Tuesday.‎ ‎    Data collected from monitoring stations helped authorities provide accurate forecasts on hazy days during that period, he said.‎ ‎1.Which of the following is true? A.The government will act as the leader in the monitoring. B.The 13th Five-Year Plan is to be released by the Satellite Environment Centre. C.Satellites haven’t been put into use so far in environmental protection. D.Remote monitoring hasn’t shown its ‎ advantages. 2.What does the underlined word “accelerate” in Para. 3 mean? A.avoid B.improve C.achieve D.awake 3.What’s the main idea of the passage? A.China pays more attention to pollution. B.Pollution is becoming more and more serious in China. C.High-tech is used to monitor pollution in China. D.Satellites have been widely used inChina.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B 解析：‎ ‎1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Rao came up with a device(装置) that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water”可知,关于Rao的设备,我们可以知道的是它既便宜又快速。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Inspired by the current litigation(诉讼)‎ ‎ in Flint, Michigan"可知,Flint 的水污染诉讼让Rao产生了设计这个设备的想法。故选D。 3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管) that react to lead"可知,碳纳米管的作用是探测铅的存在。故选C。 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"With Rao believing that 'the purpose of science is to make a difference ’,her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States”可知,作者认为Rao的发明将帮助数百万美国人饮用安全的水。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D 解析：1.细节理解题。由全文可知在工作中使用手机会不自觉的分散我们的注意力,降低工作效率,因此我们应该下定决心抵制在工作中使用手机。 2.词义推理题。分析句子成分可知and前后为并列句,decreases和handicapping并列,decreases减少,故选C。 3.细节理解题。由题干提示定位到第三段。第二句大多数学生中途被允许休息,故D错误;学生被分为休息可使用手机,可使用电脑,可阅读打印通知以及不休息多组,故A错误;第四段使用手机组在数独游戏中表现最差,故C错误;第三段最后一句“Other students were told to just keep on working without any sort of ‎ break”表明并不是所有学生在研究中都能休息,故B正确。 4. 主旨大意题。第六段中根据研究强调的内容可知,人们没有充分的了解手机的影响。故选择D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B 解析：1.推理判断题。根据第四段it could give people with disabilities greater opportunities in the workforce and enable them to lead more fulfilling, independent lives.和最后一段Many recognize that autonomous vehicles will be the future of transportation可知自动驾驶汽车的好处,许多人认识到自动驾驶汽车将是未来的交通工具。由此可见多数美国人对自动驾驶汽车的未来是乐观的态度,故选D. 2.推理判断题。根据第二段Built by a tech start-up called Voyage, the modified Ford Fusions are currently limited to a two-mile road,由科技初创企业生产并修改后的Ford Fusions被称为Voyage,目前限于两英里路。可见the modified Ford Fusions是一种自动驾驶汽车,故选C. 3.推理判断题。第三段these residents—whose average age is 76—will also have a convenient and reliable new way to appointments.的例子说明了自动驾驶汽车给老年人带来的方便,第四段forward-thinking policies have the potential to unlock other hidden benefits of autonomous vehicles, especially for those with physical ‎ disabilities.的例子说明了自动驾驶汽车给残疾人带来的方便。所以这两段是在说明自动驾驶汽车给老年人和残疾人带来的方便,故选C. 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段The policymakers should follow the lead of places like California and Michigan, and pass rules and regulations to unlock these hidden benefits of driverless cars.可知作者想告诉我们政策制定者应该通过规章制度来释放无人驾驶汽车的潜在好处,故选D.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B 解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据下文内容可知,这种新设备能将佩戴者的呼吸所产生的风能转化为电能,故可推知画线单词意为"转化", 故选D。 2.考查推理判断。根据第三段最后两句"This is an entirely all-time renewable energy source. Its energy is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week"可知,这完全是一种空前的可再也能源来源, 它的能量是全天候的,一周7天可用的。故Lammoglia很可能会同意AIRE面罩是解决能源问题的一个好办法,故选C。 3.考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了一种名叫AIRE面罩的新设备,它可以将人们的呼吸所产生的风能转化为电能供人们使用,故选B。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B 解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段第二、三句“The keyboard records ‎ information about the typing pattern and sends it to a computer program. The program then checks to see if the pattern matches the right user. ”可知,这种新的键盘通过将输入模式和正确用户的输入模式进行匹配来识别它的主人,故选A项。 2.细节理解题。由第二段末句“This ensures that there’s enough power to run the keyboard as someone types."可知,键盘表面有许多纳米线是用来帮助产生电力的,故选D项。 3.推理判断题。由第三段中的“Liming Dai, a scientist,did not work on the new keyboard, but he thinks the design could be important in getting better perfonnance from a variety of devices. "可推断出,他对这个新型键盘持积极态度,故选C项。 4.主旨大意题。本义为读者介绍了一款新型的键盘,这种新的键盘通过将输入模式和正确用户的输入模式进行匹配来识别它的主人,所以这篇文章最好的题目是“ 一款完全属于你的键盘”,故选B项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D 解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段中的in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers 和第六段中的 is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers ‎ 可知,研究人员研究的目的是了解老年司机面临的挑战和发现关键的问题在哪里。答案选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的preserving their independence可以得知开车对于保持老年人的独立性是非常重要的,这也给了老年人不依赖于别人而出行的自由,因此A项正确。 3.推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句的use technology to address these problems. ” 和文章最后一句可知,研究人员这样做是为了发明帮助老年人驾驶的技术,因此B项正确。文章不是说老年人的驾驶技术不好,而是说老年人因为年龄问题在开车时会遇到一些困难,因此A项错误。 4.主旨大意题。综合全文可知,文章讲述的是研究人员正在研究如何保证老年人开车安全的问题,因此D项是最佳答案。 ‎ 全文翻译 ‎    纽卡斯尔大学的智能交通团队已经将一辆电动汽车变成了一个名为“ DriveLAB”的移动实验室,以了解老龄司机所面临的挑战,并发现关键的压力点。‎ ‎    研究表明放弃驾驶导致他们变得更加孤立、不活跃,是老年人健康和福祉下降的关键原因之一。‎ ‎    在菲尔•布莱斯教授的带领下,纽卡斯尔团队正在为老龄司机开发车载式汽车技术,他们希望这些技术能帮助老年人一直到晚年也能继续开车。‎ ‎    这些技术包括定制的导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应。菲尔•布莱斯解释说:“对于许多老年人, 尤其是那些独自生活或在乡村生活的老年人来说,开车对保持他们的独立性以及不必依赖他人而出行的自由都很重要。”‎ ‎    “但我们都必须承认,随着年龄的增长,我们的反应会慢下来,这往往会导致人们回避任何具有潜在挑战性的驾驶状况,并对驾驶技能失去信心。结果是,人们在真正需要之前就停止开车了。”‎ ‎    老年驾驶研究的首席研究员艾米郭博士解释说:“DriveLAB正帮助我们了解老年驾驶者的主要压力和困难,以及我们如何利用技术来解决这些问题。”‎ ‎    “例如,我们大多数人都认为老龄司机开车总是比其他人慢,但令人惊讶的是,我们发现,在时速30英里的区域,他们很难保持恒定的速度,因此更有可能打破限速,并有面临被罚款的风险。我们关注的是控制其速度的系统的好处,以防止这种情况的出现。”‎ ‎    “我们希望我们的工作将帮助找到技术解决方案,确保老龄司机行车更安全。”‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A 解析：1.考查推理判断。依据第二段的"Google also uses tracking tools with other services. Weather apps, for example... weather information "可知,作者以天气预报应用软件为例说明了软件会记录用户的位置,用以表明除谷歌地图外,还有很多其他应用软件服务会使用位置跟踪工具。因此选B项。 2.考査细节理解。依据第二段的"But such practices have also raised privacy concerns” 和"Privacy activists... make it easier for users to turn ‎ off location services if they do not want lo be tracked”可知,隐私维权人士呼吁谷歌和其他科技公司让用户在不想被跟踪的情况下。更容易关闭定位服务。由此可知,他们要求谷歌尊重用户隐私,因此选C项。 3.考查推理判断。依据第四段的"The company says any user can turn off Location History at any time. . . Google account" 和"Bui the AP ... even if a user had turned off Location History"可知,谷歌表示当用户账号的位置历史设置被关闭时,与谷歌账号关联的所有设备的位置历史设置都被关闭了。然而,美联社发现用户关闭位置历史设置后,谷歌仍在保存位置历史(信息)。由此说明谷歌发表的声明与事实并不相符,因此选D项。 4.考查主旨大意。从文章的开头作者就谈到用户在使用谷歌地图之后,他们的信息就会被记录和保存,下文提到谷歌声明说用户可以自己关闭位置历史设置,但是美联社发现尽管关闭位置历史设置,用户依然被追踪,因此选项A正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.A 解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的but it can get pretty boring after a while 以及 he decided to look for a way to make it a bit more fun 可知, ‎ 阿龙•普齐因为在室内骑车健身感觉枯燥而萌生了把视觉影像应用到室内骑车中的想法。 2.推理判断题。文章主要介绍了阿龙•普齐因为在室内骑车健身感觉枯燥而研制了一款应用程序,从而使人们能够在室内骑车健身时感觉像是骑车穿行在现实生活中的地点一样,由此判断他是有创造力的。 3.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Building the app to down load the 3-D data from Street View and make it viewable in the VR headset was the toughest part of his project.可知,在头戴式视图器中显示3-D数据是最难的部分。 4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的Aaron's set up the officially allows him to ride a bike anywhere around the world 可知A项最为贴切。本文主要介绍阿龙•普齐为了增加室内骑车健身时的乐趣而研制了一款应用程序,从而能够使人们在室内骑车锻炼时看到街景,感觉像是穿行在现实生活中的地点一样。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D 解析：1.D解析考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Many shopping malls now have special areas that offer shoppers their first chance to experience ‘VR technology"可知,很多大型购物中心设有虚拟现实技术体验区是为了让顾客体验这种新技术。 2.B解析考查短语理解。根据画线词后的"Instead people will be able to enjoy the experience by just wearing a VR headset at home"可知,相反,‎ ‎ 人们可以在家里佩戴VR设备来享受这种体验,也就是说不必亲自到现场就能体验到时装秀前排的气筑,由此可知画线短语意为"亲自"。 3.C解析考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"This is an especially good opportunity for brands looking to offer very personalized experiences"可知,虚拟现实产品将会满足更多的个性化需要。 4.D解析考查标题判断。通读全文,特别是根据第一段中的"Whatever your opinion, VR, or virtual (虚拟的)reality, is going to become a big part of our lives very soon"可知,本文主要介绍了虚拟现实技术的发展以及一些虚拟现实产品的用途和发展前规,虚拟现实将很快成为我们生活中重要的一部分。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C 解析：1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的The question is: Should they buy an Apple iPad?可知作者主要在谈论学生是否应该购买苹果iPad。 2.细节理解题。由文章第一句话We all know that Apple iPad is designed mainly for business people.可知,苹果iPad的目标客户主要是商务人士。 3.细节理解题。根据第三段的Apple iPad has no USB port (端口)or SD card slot(插卡槽)可知,在苹果iPad上不能使用SD卡。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎11答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.A 解析：1.推断题。根据第2、3段可知，作者提到协和式超音速客机是为了强调声爆的负面影响。‎ ‎2.主旨题。通读第4段可知，该段介绍了这款新式飞机的一些基本资料。‎ ‎3.词义推断题。根据画线词所在句的句意和最后一 句中的If we get approved 可推断,endorsement 意为 “同意;认同”。‎ ‎4.主旨题。本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局新研发的一款飞机。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎12答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.B; 4.C 解析： 1.主旨大意题。根据全文的介绍,尤其最后一段的内容可知,研究发现智能手机改变了我们的注意力,当我们在集中精力拍照片的时候,我们就听不到周围环境中的声音,也闻不到味道,即摄影缩小了我们的注意力范围,故选择A项。 2.推理判断题。根据第二、三段的介绍可知,拍照可以提高人们的视觉记忆能力,但这得付出一定的代价,即如果人们的注意力集中在拍照和视觉上,他们可能记不住听到的信息。与这个研究发现意义最接近的是A项,拍照可能会比我们记不住某些信息。 3.推理判断题。根据第四段中Henkel的话可知,他认为照片不一定能让我们回想起整个事情,只能反映我们眼睛所见的东西,其他的感官体验都被忽视了。因此推知, ‎ Henkel认为人们需要调动其他感官一起去感知,故选择B项。 4.观点态度题。纵观全文尤其是最后一句"and we’re not always paying attention to the beautiful, complex small details that make up the moment”可知,作者对于智能手机摄影影响了人们的注意力的情况感到"遗憾”,故选择C项。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎13答案及解析：‎ 答案：DACA 解析：1. D[提示：主旨大意题。纵观全文大意可知， 本文主要讲述的是弗吉尼亚的一所大学 Westlake College将启动一项笔记本电脑计划， 便携式电脑将在这所大学里使用。]‎ ‎2. A[提 示:细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知 Westlake College将启动笔记本电脑计划是想 让同学们可以在他们喜欢的任何地方做作业。] ‎ ‎3. C[提示：推理判断题。根据该词所在句 “they will be able to use e-mail to ‘speak’with their teachers...”可知，学生是用电子邮件与老师交流而不是真正的谈话。]‎ ‎4. A[提示：细 节理解题。根据第二段中“Westlake，a 110-year-old college” 可知 Westlake 是 一座古老的 学校。第二段第二句“Within five years，each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. ”说明B项和C项错误；而D项文中未 ‎ 提及。] ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎14答案及解析：‎ 答案：BDBAC 解析：1.B推理判断题. 文章的第一段讲的是芝加哥泥泞的街道。作者用这个笑话更加形象、生动地说明了这一 点。故选B。‎ ‎2.D.细节理解题. 根据文章第三段的叙述An engineer convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground可知答案D正确。‎ ‎3.B词义猜测题。根据本句的叙述：建筑物的主人要 么把第一层变成地下室，第二层变成第一层，要么就 是把整幢建筑物抬起来以迎合新的街道水平面”可 知. 选B。‎ ‎4.A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的叙述...the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation. and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening可知，此次移动进展得非常顺利。故选A。‎ ‎5.C推理判断题. 本文主要讲述芝加哥早期的历史上 存在的engineer problems以及他们的解决方法。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎15答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C 解析：1. A 细节理解题。根据第二段"The national leadership agreed to the network plan in July, saying the government will lead the monitoring，share information among departments and regions, and be held accountable(追究责任) if violations(违规行为) are found，the Ministry of Environmental Protection said on Tuesday"可知，政府将牵头进行监控，并同各地区部门共享信息，如发现违规行为将被追究责任。所以A正确。‎ ‎2.B词义猜测题。根据文章第三段"Satellites, a major tool for monitoring air pollution，will receive a boost(大力发展) this year. The ministry said it will accelerate research on two atmospheric environmental monitoring satellites" 可知accelerate的意思跟boost相近，所以B正确。‎ ‎3.C主旨大意题。本文为新闻报道，第一段交代文章的主 旨大意，根据第一段"China will build a comprehensive(综合性的) network to detect(检测) pollution of the land， sea and air by 2020, employing satellites, drones(无人机) and remote sensors to monitor the environment"可知，中国将建立综合性网络探测陆地、海洋和空气污染，运用卫星、 无人机和遥感器等设备监控环境，所以C正确。‎ ‎ ‎