高考总复习不定式专题

高考总复习不定式专题

高 考 热 点：动 词 不 定 式 动词不定式的构成：to do 解读：动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。‎ 动词不定式的形式变化 ‎ 语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 主 动 to build to have built to be building to have been building ‎ 被 动 to be built to have been built 动词不定式的基本用法：‎ 这里只学习不定式做主语，宾语，和状语的用法，它作定语和宾补的用法与分词一块学习。‎ 一． 作主语 ‎ 句型： It is/was +形容词/可数名词单数+ to do sth ‎ 解读1：不定式作主语常见的是 it 作形式主语，放在句首，将真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子后面。‎ 经典例句：‎ 1) It’s easy to be wise after the event.‎ 2) It is easier to spend money than to make money.‎ 3) It’s better to love someone you can’t have than to have someone you can’t love. ‎ 4) It is not a good habit to stay up too late 解读2： 此外形式主语it 不能用that、this 来替换。 这也是不定式作主语时的考点。‎ 出题句型是：______ is/was +形容词/可数名词单数+ to do 此句型特别重要，要牢记。‎ 判断下列句子读错，并说明理由：‎ 1． This is impossible for people to stare directly at the sun.. ‎ 2． Due to the refraction of light rays , this is impossible for the naked eye to determine the exact location of a star close to the horizon.‎ 解读3：it 作形式主语，不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语，通常用for + 名词（代词）或of + 名词（代词）放在不定式的前面。此时不定式的语态须看与逻辑主语的主被动关系。For与of的区别是初中内容。‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? ‎ ‎ A. this B. there C. that D. it ‎2. The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010全国卷II 14).‎ A. this B. that C. one D. it ‎3.. It’s important for the figures _________ regularly. （2011北京卷）‎ ‎ A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated 二．作宾语 ‎ ‎1.直接作宾语 句型：动词（vt）+ to do ‎ 解读： 直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语。这时句子有以下两个特点：‎ ‎ 第一：句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的，不定式的语态需看与句子主语的关系。‎ ‎ 第二：这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度；不定式动作则说明行为。‎ 经典例句：‎ 1) Nobody wants to be laughed at.‎ 2) This company refused to cooperate with us.‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. I don't want ____like I' m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair. (2005天津卷)‎ A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded ‎2. I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______ talking while she works. (2006北京卷)‎ ‎ A. working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working ; to stop D. to work ; to stop ‎3. As a young man , I hate______________ in public.‎ ‎ A. laughed at B. to be laughed at C. to laugh at D. laughing at ‎ ‎2. 句型：某些及物动词+连词+to do 解读：在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what, who , which）或连接副词（how, when, where）及连词 whether 后面接一个带to 的动词不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：ask, decide, explain, forget, find out , guess, imagine , know, wonder.‎ 经典例句：‎ 1) I wonder who to invite. ‎ 2) Show us what to do .‎ 3) I don’t know whether to answer his letter.‎ 考点解读：‎ ‎①不定式的语态：必须用主动形式，此时易误选为被动形式。‎ ‎②当连接词为代词时，不定式为及物动词，且其后不加宾语。‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. There’s so much delicious food! I can’t decided________. ‎ A . what to eat B. when to eat C. how to eat D. where to eat ‎2. Can you tell me ________ on the Internet? ‎ A. how to search B. how search C. where can I search D. when can I search ‎ ‎3. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion. (2009四川卷)‎ ‎ A. to have B. having C. have D. had ‎3．不定式作宾语后置：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，构成句型“动词+ it +宾补（名词或形容词）+宾语to do ”。 ‎ 经典例句：‎ I think it hard to answer the question in one go. 我觉得很难一下子回答这个问题。‎ He feels it challenging to be a marketing supervisor .‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. Using many symbols makes to put a large amount of information on a single map.‎ A. possible B. it is possible C. it possible D. that possible ‎2. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . (2005全国卷1)‎ ‎ A. that B. it C. this D. him ‎3.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ______her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. (2006湖南卷)‎ A. this B. that C. one D. it ‎4. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006山东卷)‎ A. that B. it C. this D. you ‎5. The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in that country. (2010辽宁卷33) ‎ A. so B. much C. that D. it ‎ ‎6. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other. （2011山东卷）‎ ‎ A. it B. them C. her D. that ‎7. New technologies have made ____ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 【2012四川】‎ A. that B. this C. one D. it ‎ 三. 状语 构成以下几种句型 句型1 ：形容词+to do （语言山表述为：形容词后面的动词不定式）‎ 解读1：该形容词为表示动作特点的形容词时，一般做两种成分：表语和宾补 ★ 当该形容词作表语时，句子主语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ ★ 当该形容词作宾补时，句子宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ 经典例句：‎ 1) She is very nice to talk to .‎ 2) Mary is easy to get on with.‎ 3) I find English difficult to speak. ‎ 4) I find Football very interesting to watch.‎ ★ 此句型三大考点 ‎①不定式动词一般不用被动形式：（最容易出错）‎ ‎ ②不定式后不能再加宾语：‎ ‎ ③不定式动词所带的介词不能省略：‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces. （2011安徽卷）‎ A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break ‎2. This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 【2012辽宁】‎ A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operated 解读2：在本句型中，如果形容词是表示人的性格特征（如：brave , careful, clever, considerate , foolish, generous , kind ,等）或情绪感受（happy；surprised；glad；honored）的词。句子主语或宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的主谓关系.‎ 经典例句：‎ 1) He was kind to help us .‎ 2) The boy was careless to break the window .‎ 3) We think the boy careless to break the window.‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy___ anything that happened to be on. 【2012全国卷II】‎ A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched ‎2. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. (2008北京卷)‎ A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed ‎3. We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition. (2010辽宁卷)‎ A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found ‎4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____. （2011福建卷）‎ ‎ A. held B. holding C. be held D.to hold 句型 2 ：不定式作目的状语，可构成句型：‎ To do/In order to do sth , 主语+谓语或主语+谓语+to do/in order to do/so as to do.‎ 经典例句：‎ ‎1. Hating people is like burning down your own house to get red of a rat.]‎ ‎2. To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire wisdom, one must observe.‎ ‎3. We had better start early to catch the train.‎ ‎4. We had better start early so as to catch the train.‎ ‎5. I went to the post office in order to mail a letter .‎ 经典解读：‎ ‎1. so as to 一般不用在句首。但to do 或 in order to do 可提到句首。‎ ‎2. 目的状语放在句首时，和句子之间要有“，”间隔；当目的状语位于句末时，和句子之间不可以有“，”间隔。‎ ‎3. 不定式的语态：看与句子主语的关系：主动——to do；被动——to be done。‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight. (2007江西卷)‎ ‎ A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained ‎2. the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly. (2007上海春)‎ ‎ A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured. D. To have ensured ‎3. , you need to give all you have and try your best. (2009辽宁卷)‎ A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner 句型 3 作结果状语，可构成句型：主+谓（，）only to do。指意想不到或不愉快的结果，结果状语必须放在句末。‎ 经典例句：‎ 1) We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left.‎ 2) They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚 注意： 分词作结果状语，一般表示意料之中的结果。如：‎ 1) His parents died, leaving him an orphan.‎ 2) It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1.. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas. (2005辽宁卷)‎ A. in order to have received B. in order to receive ‎ C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving ‎2. He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006陕西卷)‎ A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told ‎3. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. 【2012山东】‎ A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told ‎ ‎4. He comes home late every evening, ____________his wife very angry.‎ A. make B.only to make C. making D. made 句型4: sb seem/appear/pretend… + to do/to be doing/to have done 解读：本句型中关键是判断不定式的时态。To be doing 正在做；to have done 已经做了；to do 要去做。‎ 经典例句：‎ 1) He seems to have finished his work.‎ 2) When the teacher came in , all the students pretended to be studying.‎ 3) The old man appeared to be asleep.‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. I don’t know whether you happen , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September .‎ A．to be heard B．to be hearing C．to hear D．to have heard ‎ ‎2.Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He _______ to have been praised by the manager just now. （2011重庆卷）‎ A.seemed B. seems C. had seemed D.is seeming ‎3. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face. (2011上海卷)‎ A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost 句型5 sth be said/reported/believed/thought/considered +to do/to be doing/to have done ‎ 解读：‎ 1) 在此结构中主语必须是sth或sb，不能是形式主语it，动词后必须用不定式，不能用that从句。‎ 2) 此结构中关键是判断不定式的时态和语态：语态判断与句子主语的关系；时态：To be doing 正在做；to have done 已经做了；to do 要去做。‎ 经典例句:‎ 1) Many of his books are said to have been translated into foreign languages.‎ 2) Zhanghua is said to go to America tomorrow , which made his parents very proud.‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. — Is Bob still performing? (2005江苏卷)‎ ‎— I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left ‎2. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (07辽宁)‎ A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break ‎3. It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. (2010陕西卷24) ‎ ‎ A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built 句型 6：but后不定式符号“to”的省略问题 解读：but后是否加to遵循三个句型一个原则：‎ 三个句型：这三个句型后都不加to 1) can’t but do 2) can’t help but do 3) can’t choose but do 一个原则：but前面有实义动词do的某种形式，后面省to；没有加to。可记忆为：有do省to；无do加to。‎ 经典例句：‎ 1) I have no choice but to stay here.‎ 2) He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.‎ 3) When he heard the interesting story, he can’t help but laugh loudly.‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ____ an even greater challenge. (2012陕西卷)‎ A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet ‎2.Before the boss came back, we had nothing to do but______________here. ‎ A. to do B. doing C. does D. do ‎3. After he gave a wonderful lecture, the audience couldn’t help __________.‎ ‎ A. clap their hands B. clapping their hands C. to clap their hands D. claps their hands 综合练习：‎ ‎1. (2006浙江卷)18. It remains ________ whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.‎ A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see ‎2. (2009湖南卷)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it ______.‎ A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused ‎3. (2006上海春)38. ______ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.‎ A. Improving B. To improve C. Having improved D. Improved ‎4. (2006山东卷)33.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.‎ A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost ‎5. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _____ was nowhere to be seen.‎ A. repairing B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired ‎6. I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job. A. expected 　　B. to expect 　　　　　　C. to be expecting D. expects ‎7. ---You seemed to be nervous.‎ ‎ ---Oh. With so many watchers around, how could I keep calm?‎ A．standing B．stood C．to stand D．stand ‎8. AIDS is said _________ the biggest health problem in Africa over the past years.‎ A. to be B. that it is C. to have been D. that it has been ‎9． you turn off all the lights when you are away from the classroom.‎ A．Making sure B．To make sure C．Being sure D．Make sure ‎ ‎10.It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness_________.(江西卷)‎ A．to make B．to be made C．making D．being made ‎11. (2010辽宁卷25. We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.‎ A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found ‎12. (广东卷)31. He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.‎ A. to find       B. finding     C. found     D. to have found ‎13. (2010四川卷11). In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant . ‎ A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with ‎14.---- Is Bob still performing? ---- I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official A. to have left       B. to leave      C. to have been left       D. to be left ‎2012-2006动词不定式高考题 ‎1.【2012全国卷II】⒖ The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy___ anything that happened to be on.‎ ‎ A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched ‎2.【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. ‎ ‎ A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked ‎ ‎3.【2012重庆】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company.‎ A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made ‎4.【2012陕西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _____ an even greater challenge.‎ A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet ‎5.【2012山东】26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.‎ A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told ‎ ‎6.【2012湖南】21. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.‎ A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do ‎ ‎【2012江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new students.‎ A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken ‎【2012辽宁】29. This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.‎ A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate ‎【2012四川】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.‎ A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found ‎【2012浙江】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ____ silent.‎ A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain ‎11.【2012浙江】8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ____ his job.‎ A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit ‎1.（2011北京卷） It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.‎ A. to be updated              B. to have been updated C. to update               D. to have updated ‎2.(2011上海卷) Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of ‎ communicating face-to-face.‎ A. losing        B. to be losing           C. to be lost            D. having lost ‎3.（2011安徽卷） Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.‎ A. break      B. breaking           C. broken                 D. to break ‎4.（2011浙江卷） If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.‎ A. being cheered            B. be cheered        C. to be cheered        D. were cheered ‎5.（2011福建卷）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.‎ ‎   A.held    B. holding   C.be held    D.to hold ‎6.（2011四川卷） Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.‎ A. keep       B. kept       C. keeping      D. to keep ‎7.（2011天津卷）Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.‎ A.to carry         B. carrying             C. to be carried       D. being carried ‎8.（2011重庆卷）More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.‎ A.to raise                        B.raising C.to have raised                  D. having raised ‎9.(2011湖南卷) The ability  _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.‎ A. expressing        B. expressed        C. to express        D. to be expressed Keys: ABDCDDA ‎1.（10上海40）That is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. ‎ A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce ‎2.（10江西32）There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.‎ A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered ‎3.（10山东23）I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.‎ ‎ A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed ‎4.（10全国I 34）With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought ‎5.（10陕西19）His first book next month is based on a true story. ‎ A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published ‎6.（10辽宁25）We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.‎ A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found ‎7.（10重庆34）Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.‎ A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired ‎8. (09安徽28) The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. ‎ A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced ‎ ‎9. (09北京28) All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way. ‎ A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present ‎ ‎10．(09湖南23) When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. ‎ A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open ‎11. (09湖南29)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .‎ A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused ‎12. (09海南30)The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.‎ A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at ‎13. (09山东22) We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. ‎ A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding ‎ ‎14. (09上海39) David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. ‎ ‎ A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported ‎ ‎15. (09四川2) He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion ‎ A. to have B. having C. have D. Had ‎16. (09天津4) ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.‎ ‎ A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete ‎17.(09江苏26) Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year,  reduce unemployment pressures. ‎ ‎ A. help   B. to have helped    C. to help   D. having helped ‎ ‎18.(08全国Ⅰ26)I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good .‎ A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed ‎—Did the book give the information you needed? ‎ —Yes.But it， I had to read the entire book. ‎ A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding ‎19.(08北京32)I feel greatly honored into their society. A.to welcome B.welcomingC.to be welcomed D.welcomed ‎20.(08湖南30) the project as planned，we’ll have to work two more hours a day. ‎ A.Completing B.CompleteC.Completed D.To complete ‎21.(07全国Ⅰ25)—The last one pays the meal.—Agreed! A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving ‎22.(07上海35)There is nothing more I can try you to stay，so I wish you good luck. ‎ A.being persuaded B.persuading C.to be persuaded D.to persuade ‎23.(07江西24)When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight. A.training B.being trainedC.to have trained D.to be trained ‎24.(07浙江9)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle . ‎ A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard ‎25.(07天津6)The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _____ in ‎ the natural light during the day. A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let ‎26.(07辽宁29)The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. A.breaking B.having broken C.to have broken D.to break ‎27.(06湖南33)As the twentieth century came to a close，the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand，waiting . A.to use B.to be used C.to have used D.to be using ‎28.(06江西32)It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness . ‎ A.to make B.to be made C.making D.being made ‎29.(06安徽35)Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one . A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed ‎【答案】2012 1.ABADA 6.CCDBD D 2011 ABDCDDA ‎2010-2006.1.BBBBB 6.BDCDD 11DBACB 16.DCBCD 21.CDDBA 26.BBBC