高考英语大一轮复习语法专题讲析专题十 名词性从句

高考英语大一轮复习语法专题讲析专题十 名词性从句

专题十　名词性从句 考点一　各种名词性从句的定义 ‎①It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.(主语从句)‎ 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。‎ ‎②Could you please show me how you read the new panel？(宾语从句)‎ 你能否给我展示一下你如何辨认这个新的操作盘？‎ ‎③Everyone was inspired to hear the account by an elderly gentleman that he passed the College Entrance Examination in his seventies.(同位语从句)‎ 大家听到那位老先生在他70多岁时通过了大学入学考试的表述都受到了鼓舞。‎ ‎④—What a mess! You are always so lazy!‎ ‎—I'm not to blame，mum.I am what you have made me.(表语从句)‎ ‎——真乱啊！你总是这么懒！‎ ‎——我不应该受到责备，妈妈。是你让我成为这样的。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。‎ ‎2．宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或某些形容词之后。‎ ‎3．同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。‎ ‎4．表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。‎ 考点二　that引导的名词性从句 ‎1．that引导主语从句 ‎①That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.‎ 你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。‎ ‎②As I searched the name Linda on the Internet，it became evident that there're two with the same name who look completely different.‎ 当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。‎ ‎③It is announced in today's newspaper that Xi Jinping will pay a visit to Russia next week.‎ 今天报纸上宣称习近平下周要对俄罗斯进行访问。‎ 连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．that引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可省略。‎ ‎2．that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：‎ ‎①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎③It＋ be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎2．that引导宾语从句 ‎①[2015·北京]I truly believe that beauty comes from within.‎ 我确信美丽源自内在。‎ ‎②Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.‎ 汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。‎ ‎③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.‎ 我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．常见的可以接that (that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。‎ ‎2．that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。‎ ‎3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句 ‎①My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)‎ 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。‎ ‎②[2016·天津]The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(同位语从句)‎ 经理提出了一条建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多工作要做。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。‎ ‎2．that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当成分，但一般不能省略。‎ 考点三　whether/if(是否)引导的名词 性从句 ‎①It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.‎ 新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎②I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert.‎ 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)‎ ‎③The question is whether it is worth trying.‎ 问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎④He asked her the question whether they can be friends.‎ 他问她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎⑤I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.‎ 我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病危机。(介词后的宾语从句中，不可用if代替whether)‎ 考点总结 ‎1．whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。‎ ‎①与or或or not连用时只能用whether ‎②从句作介词宾语时只能用whether ‎2．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。‎ 考点四　who，why，how，where，when等引 导的名词性从句 ‎①[2015·北京]How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ 我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。‎ ‎②[2015·江苏]Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.‎ 李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。‎ ‎③I don't know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.‎ 我不知道到底为什么我们的校长缺席如此重要的会议。‎ ‎④[2017·福建福州质检]Some students even have no idea of why they are studying，so they waste much time playing.‎ 有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。‎ ‎⑤We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.‎ 我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．who，why，how，where，when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。‎ ‎2．能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。‎ ‎3．以上词可引导介词的宾语从句。‎ ‎4．以上词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。‎ 考点五　what，wh－ever引导的名词性从句 ‎①[2015·安徽]A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not what ships are built for.‎ 在港口的船是安全的，但是那并不是船被建造的目的。‎ ‎②Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)‎ 任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。‎ ‎③We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(宾语从句)‎ 我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。‎ ‎④[2016·北京]Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.(让步状语从句)‎ 你的支持对于我们的工作很重要，不管你做什么都能帮助我们。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“……的”，在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。‎ ‎2．wh－ever引导名词性从句时，其作用等同于其前面的连接词，意为“任何……”或“无论……”，含有强调的语气。‎ ‎◆名词性从句与语法填空 在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，其连接词一般不可省略(宾语从句中的that可省略)。‎ ‎[典题试做1]‎ 在空白处填入适当的连接词 ‎1．[2016·北京]The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ ‎2．[2015·福建]—I wonder________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.‎ ‎3．[2015·湖南]You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ ‎4．[2015·重庆]We must find out ________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.‎ 答案：1.that　2.how　3.where　4.when ‎[应对策略1]‎ 若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，若其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分，注意根据成分关系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接词。‎ ‎◆名词性从句与短文改错 短文改错中对于名词性从句的考查主要涉及连接词使用不当，缺少连接词以及what与that、which混用等。‎ ‎[典题试做2]‎ 单句改错(每小题1处错误)‎ ‎1．[2016·全国Ⅰ]My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.________‎ ‎2．[2016·全国Ⅱ]My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.________‎ ‎3．[2015·全国Ⅱ]After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.________‎ ‎4．[2015·四川]How do you think I should do？________‎ 答案：1.that→where　2.how→what　3.where→that或去掉where　5.How→What ‎[应对策略2]‎ 对于名词性从句中连接词的考查，注意首先判断两个单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：‎ ‎(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系判定是何从句，再根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误；‎ ‎(2)注意which与that，which与what，whether与if以及其他wh－连接词的用法区别。‎ ‎◆书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦 ‎1．语序问题 ‎(误)These pictures show you what_does_our_village_look_like.‎ ‎(正)These pictures show you what_our_village_looks_like.‎ 此处宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。‎ ‎(误)Do_you_think which of these is the most useful invention?‎ ‎(正)Which of these do_you_think is the most useful invention?‎ 在疑问语气中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。‎ ‎2．what和that的运用 ‎(误)America was that was first called“India” by Columbus.‎ ‎(正)America was what was first called “India” by Columbus.‎ 在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。‎ 另外，我们可以把what解释为：the＋名词＋that/which。‎ ‎3．whether和if的运用 ‎(误)If we'll hold the party has not been decided yet.‎ ‎(正)Whether we'll hold the party has not been decided yet.‎ whether适用于任何情况；if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。‎ ‎4．连接词的使用易受汉语干扰 ‎(误)The reason why I was late is because I was trapped in the traffic jam.‎ ‎(正)The reason why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam.‎ 通过提取简化可得出：The reason is because...在英语中这显然造成了重复现象。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．[2017·四川凉山州二诊]The happiest people enjoy________each age gives them.‎ ‎2．[2017·湖南常德3月模拟]Only you know________is best for you.‎ ‎3．[2017·山西重点中学协作体二模]My mother knew where we were at all times.She knew________our friends were.‎ ‎4．[2017·北京海淀一模]________astonishes us is that AlphaGo defeated the human champion.‎ ‎5．[2017·浙江温州十校联考]When you are reading，make a note of________you think is of great importance.‎ 答案：1.what/whatever　2.what　3.who/where　4.What　5.what Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．That Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.________‎ ‎2．It was never clear whether the man hadn't reported the accident ‎ sooner.________‎ ‎3．It is still under discussion if the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.________‎ ‎4．What he should do is he stays at home and waits for his mother from work.________‎ ‎5．The reason why he was late was because his bike went wrong.________‎ 答案：1.That→What　2.whether→why　3.if→whether　4.is后加that　5.because→that Ⅲ.语法填空 A(名词性从句专练)‎ ‎1．________worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2.________she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3.________she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also，with the college entrance examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4.________she becomes fatter these days，she thinks.5.________she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she could get better suggestions and 6.________will give her better advice also puzzle her.It is her parents' suggestion 7.________she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8.________she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.What's more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9.________she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.That is 10.________she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.‎ 答案：1.What　2.that　3.whether　4.why ‎5．How　6.who　7.that　8.that　9.when　10.because B ‎[2017·山西重点中学协作体二模]‎ I had the 1.________(mean) mother in the world.While other kids ate candy for breakfast，I had to have cereal and eggs.When 2.________had sugary drinks and ‎ candy for lunch，I had to eat a sandwich.But at least I 3.________(be) alone.My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother 4.________I did.‎ My mother knew where we were at all times.She knew 5.________our friends were.We had to wear clean clothes and take a bath every day.We had to be in bed 6.________9：00 pm and up at 8：00 am.We wouldn't sleep till noon like our friends.So while they slept，our mother gave us work to do.We had to wash dishes，make our beds，and learn to cook.I believe she lay awake at night 7.________(think) up mean things to do to us.‎ My mother was such a mother.Out of four 8.________(child)，a couple of us went on to higher education.9.________of us have ever done bad things.She forced us to grow up into 10.________(educate) and honest people.I am trying to raise my kids like this.I will feel proud when my kids call me mean.‎ 答案：1.meanest　2.others　3.wasn't　4.as　5.who/where　6.at/by/before　7.thinking　8.children　9.None　10.educate