【英语】2018届语法二轮复习冠词学案（10页）

【英语】2018届语法二轮复习冠词学案（10页）

‎2018届语法二轮复习 冠词 ‎ 真题搜索 单句改错 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ) My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ) But in that case，we will learn little about world.‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅲ) At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.‎ ‎4．(2016·四川) I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.‎ ‎5．(2015·新课标Ⅱ) Tony saw a toy in a shop window...A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.‎ ‎6．(2015·陕西) I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party...At a party，my coach，with a biscuit in his mouth，asked surprisingly who made them and joked，“I might have to retire again next year just to get some more of these biscuits.”‎ ‎7．(2014·新课标Ⅰ) As result，the plants are growing everywhere.‎ ‎8．(2014·浙江) A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket and became quite upset...The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.‎ ‎9．(2014·辽宁) Besides，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.‎ ‎10．(2014·四川) Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off...Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．the→a句意：我叔叔说他从没梦想过在短时间内变得富有。in a short period of time“在短时间内”，为固定短语。‎ ‎2．world前加the句意：但是，在那种情况下，我们对世界的认识就会很少。world前通常加定冠词the，表示特指。‎ ‎3．去掉the句意：起初，我认为我知道一切，并且能够独自做决定。at first“起初；一开始”，为固定短语。‎ ‎4．kitchen前加the句意：我告诉妈妈待在客厅，我在厨房里做饭。此处表示特指“我”家的厨房，故应用定冠词the。‎ ‎5．第三个a→the句意：……有个妇女见他哭了，就告诉他在那家商店外面等候。由上下文可知，此处shop指前面“Tony saw a toy in a shop window”中的shop，应用定冠词。‎ ‎6．第一个a→the句意：……在那次聚会上，我的教练口含饼干惊奇地问道是谁做的，并且开玩笑说：“为了多吃一些这样的饼干我明年可能会再退休一次。”根据上文“I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party.”可知，此处指前面所提到的那次退休聚会。‎ ‎7．As后加a 句意：结果，圣女果长得到处都是。as a result为固定短语，意为“结果是”。‎ ‎8．a→the 句意：……找到票的那个人为自己的成功露出了高兴的微笑。使用定冠词the特指上文提及的同一事物，本文中特指前面提及的那张票。‎ ‎9．第一个a→an 句意：此外，Cleo习惯于每天平均吠叫六个小时。名词average以元音音素开头，所以用an修饰，an average of...“……的平均数”。‎ ‎10．第二个a→the句意：……很快，消防战士们就会过来将火扑灭。根据文章第一句a fire alarm可知，指大家都已经知道的那场火灾，用the表示特指。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，70) The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，48) Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.‎ ‎3．(2016·浙江，2) ________prize for the winner of the competition is ________ twoweek holiday in Paris.‎ ‎4．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，42) The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ ‎5．(2015·四川，5) Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.‎ ‎6．(2015·陕西，14) ________ more learned a man is，________ more modest he usually becomes.‎ ‎7．(2014·广东，23) She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ________ top floor.‎ ‎8．(2014·浙江，2) The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days ________ week，often long into ________ night.‎ ‎9．(2013·福建，21) The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.‎ ‎10．(2013·浙江，15) People develop________preference for a particular style of learning at________early age and these preferences affect learning.‎ ‎11．(2012·课标全国Ⅰ，22) Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with satisfaction.‎ ‎12．(2012·安徽，21) Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up ________ meat processing factory of his own one day.‎ ‎13．(2012·四川，18) We are said to be living in ________Information Age，________time of new discoveries and great changes.‎ ‎14．(2012·辽宁，21) I woke up with________bad headache，yet by________evening the pain had gone.‎ ‎15．(2012·重庆，24) Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.‎ ‎16．(2012·江西，21) The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________sea.‎ ‎17．(2012·全国Ⅱ，7) He missed ________ gold in the high jump，but will get ________ second chance in the long jump.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．the句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，‎ 这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候，另一个是和妈妈在一起的——她从不怀疑。one...the other...“一个……另一个……”。‎ ‎2．a句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。‎ ‎3．The；a句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个为期两周的在巴黎度假的机会。第一空特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词the；第二空泛指“一个为期两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。‎ ‎4．the句意：由美国西南部的印第安村庄的印第安人建造的土坯房甚至被最现代的建筑师和工程师欣赏。根据后面的most modern可知应为“最现代化的”，最高级前要用定冠词the。‎ ‎5．a句意：布莱恩在写音乐方面很有天赋；他很有可能会成为一个贝多芬。不定冠词加人名，意为“一个像某某那样的人”，因此填a。‎ ‎6．The；the句意：一个人越有学问，通常会越谦虚。“the＋比较级＋简单句，the＋比较级＋简单句”结构，表示“越……越……”。‎ ‎7．the句意：她因为错误向我们道歉，并额外给我们提供了顶层的VIP房间。此处top floor指说话双方都清楚的那家宾馆的顶楼房间，前面需要有定冠词，表特指。‎ ‎8．a；the句意：下个月要上交论文，我整个星期都在写，经常写到夜里。seven days a week意为“整个星期，一周七天”，into the night意为“直到夜里”，是固定短语。‎ ‎9．a；a句意：“中国梦”是一个提升人们幸福感的梦想，是一个和谐、和平与发展的梦想。由句意可知，两空均在解释中国梦，表示“一个……的梦想”。‎ ‎10．a；an句意：人们在很小的时候就养成了对某种特定的学习风格的偏爱，并且这些偏爱会影响学习。第一空是考查短语develop a preference for...“养成对……的偏好”；第二空是固定搭配at an early age “在很小的时候”，故均填不定冠词。‎ ‎11．the句意：萨拉满意地看着已经完成的那幅画。finished painting特指“已经完成的那幅画”，所以应用定冠词。‎ ‎12．a句意：卡尔正在大学里学习食品科学，‎ 他希望有一天成立一家自己的肉类加工厂。泛指“一家工厂”，所以用不定冠词。‎ ‎13．the；a句意：据说，我们生活在信息时代，这是一个充满了新发现和巨大变化的时代。第一空后Information Age是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面要用定冠词；第二空至句末为the Information Age的同位语，对其进行解释表示“一个……的时代”，表泛指，所以用不定冠词。‎ ‎14．a；the句意：一阵剧烈的头痛让我醒来，然而到了晚上疼痛消失了。泛指“一阵头疼”，headache前用不定冠词；by the evening/morning/afternoon是习惯搭配。‎ ‎15．the句意：萨姆已被任命为工程部的经理来接替乔治。take the place of sb.是固定搭配，表示“取代某人”。‎ ‎16．the句意：史密斯夫妇不喜欢住在旅馆里，不过去年夏天，他们在海边的一家不错的旅馆住过几天。by the sea“在海边”。‎ ‎17．the；a句意：他错过了跳高比赛的金牌，但是在跳远比赛中还有一次机会。第一空特指“跳高比赛的金牌”，gold前要用定冠词；第二空后是序数词second，但这里不是表示顺序，而是指“再一，又一”，其前需用不定冠词。‎ 冠词在短文改错和短文语法填空中的运用 ‎1．在做短文改错时首先要看名词是否可数。不可数名词前不能加冠词，故不可数名词前的不定冠词为多余；而可数名词前若无冠词，则为冠词缺失，必须添加相应的冠词。‎ ‎2．做题时要看可数名词或可数名词修饰词的读音。以元音音素开头的可数名词或可数名词修饰词前要用不定冠词an，以辅音音素开头的可数名词或可数名词修饰词前则用a。特别要注意useful，universal，uniform，united，once，one及hour，honest，honor等词的读音。‎ ‎3．同时我们还要看修饰语是否为形容词的最高级。表示最高级的词前或表示“两者中更……”的名词前用定冠词，否则用不定冠词。‎ ‎4．做题时还需要联系上下文及意义。上文出现过的词或者短语在意义上为特指，此处重复则用定冠词；同时还要注意牢记一些习惯用法或固定短语中冠词的用法。‎ ‎ (2015·新课标Ⅰ) Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.‎ ‎ (2014·陕西) That day I didn't learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!‎ ‎【解析】countryside前加the句意：我现在住在城里，但是想念乡下的家。这里countryside是特指“我”家所在的农村，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎【解析】a→an句意：那天我学习与动物、昆虫及树木有关的东西不多，但是我学到了关于重力很有印象的一课。后面的形容词impressive以元音音素开头，所以用an。‎ ‎1．观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语，因为冠词唯一的作用就是用来修饰名词的。‎ ‎2．准确理解语境，确定空格所填词表示泛指还是特指。泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物；特指则指上文已提到的、有限定词修饰的或说话双方都熟悉的人或事物。‎ ‎3．理解空格所在句子的意义，分析所填词是否是冠词活用或固定用法。例如，抽象名词表示具体意义时前面用不定冠词；有些名词前有无冠词意义不同；固定搭配或习惯用法中冠词的用法等。‎ ‎ (2015·重庆，3) I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.‎ ‎ (2014·新课标Ⅰ，63) Now，years later，this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ ‎【解析】the；a句意：我刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个戴着面罩的枪手抢劫了。bank后面有定语从句，说明是特指，所以用定冠词the；第二空虽有定语修饰，但是指一个未知的人，表泛指，所以填不定冠词a。‎ ‎【解析】the句意：现在，数年之后，这条河是环境治理最杰出的例子之一。空格后部分的中心词是名词examples，再由one of...可知，这里的most表示比较意义；形容词最高级前用定冠词the。‎ ‎ 语法回顾 一、不定冠词的用法 ‎ 泛指某个或某类人或物，或指未曾提到的、对方不熟悉的人或物。‎ ‎ I was born in a small village in Shandong Province.‎ A child needs not only food and clothes，but love as well.‎ ‎ 用在转化为可数名词、表示具体意义的抽象名词前。‎ ‎ The party held last weekend was a great success.‎ ‎ 表示“一”或“每一”概念。‎ ‎ He went to hospital to attend his sick father three times a week.‎ 二、定冠词的用法 ‎ 特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。‎ ‎ What a pity that you couldn't be there to receive the prize!‎ ‎ 用在形容词或分词前，表一类人或物。‎ ‎ Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.‎ ‎ 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。‎ ‎ I paid a visit to the Turners last week.‎ ‎ 用在方位名词、西洋乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事物前。‎ ‎ the east 东部 play the piano 弹钢琴 the universe 宇宙 the moon 月亮 ‎ 用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)、最高级和形容词only，very(恰好是)，same 前。‎ ‎ It's the first time that I have been to China.‎ Which story is the more interesting of the two?‎ We were the only people there.‎ ‎ 用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”中。‎ ‎ take sb.by the arm 拉着某人的胳膊 hit sb.in the face/on the nose打某人的脸/鼻子 ‎ 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。‎ ‎ The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall.‎ ‎ 用在表示世纪、年代的词前。‎ ‎ The book was published in the 1980s.‎ 定冠词用法口诀 特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级；‎ 独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器；‎ 普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。‎ 三、零冠词的用法 ‎ 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指或类指时。‎ ‎ By getting close to nature，you can really get refreshed.‎ Bicycles are still a popular means of transport in China.‎ ‎ 名词前已有限定词时。‎ ‎ His car is much more expensive than mine.‎ ‎ 表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科、季节、年、月等的名词前。‎ ‎ He has milk and bread for breakfast every day.‎ Of all the subjects，I like physics best.‎ Autumn is the harvest season.‎ ‎ 独一无二的头衔和职位名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。‎ ‎ Mr.Smith was elected president of our school.‎ ‎ 系动词turn后作表语的可数名词单数前。‎ ‎ Tom has turned(＝become a)professional player.‎ ‎ 表示交通方式的“by＋名词”中的名词前。‎ ‎ He goes to work every day by taxi.‎ 零冠词用法口诀 代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数。‎ 学科交通三餐饭，季节星期月份前。‎ 棋类球类阶级前，称呼习语和头衔。‎ ‎ 四、冠词的活用 ‎ 转化为可数名词的不可数名词前可用不定冠词。‎ ‎ He received a good education.‎ It's a pleasure to talk with you here.‎ ‎ 不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词或零冠词。‎ ‎ Hiking is a most interesting outdoor activity.‎ ‎ 不表示顺序而是表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。‎ ‎ They have a second house in the country.‎ ‎ knowledge/grasp/command/collection/understanding等一些由动词转化而来的抽象名词后接of...时，前面用不定冠词。‎ ‎ He has a good knowledge of English.‎ Media help us to have a better understanding of the world.‎ ‎ 独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。‎ ‎ a full moon 一轮满月 a brandnew world 一个崭新的世界 ‎ 表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词或表示特定含义时可用不定冠词。‎ ‎ I remember it was on a rainy Monday that he left his hometown.‎ ‎ 专有名词前若有形容词修饰可用不定冠词。‎ ‎ We are looking forward to seeing a new Beijing.‎ 五、冠词的固定搭配 一些短语中使用不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词都是固定的，常考的有：‎ have a gift for 有……的天赋 go on a diet 节食 at a loss 茫然 all of a sudden 突然 make the best of 充分利用 on the spot 当场 at the moment目前 on second thoughts 继而一想 come first 排名第一 out of fashion不时尚的 in use 在使用 under discussion在讨论中 by force 通过武力 on board 在船/飞机上 on the one hand...，on the other hand一方面……，另一方面 六、有无冠词的区别 go to church 去做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂 take place 发生 take the place of 代替 out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能 in front of 在……(外部)的前面 in the front of 在……(内部)的前面 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 为……所拥有