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【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解中巧用paraphrasing,化解长难句学案(2页)
2018届二轮复习阅读理解中巧用paraphrasing,化解长难句 阅读理解经常会涉及有学生不懂的“新”词,长句和难句。偶尔,笔者观摩同事或同行在讲评阅读理解的时候,唯恐学生不理解,教师往往会把其中的生词,长句或学生觉得费解的地方直截了当地翻译成中文。譬如,请看下面的例句(划线部分为关键词)。 1. She fell violently in love with him. 2. His comments sparked off a heated quarrel between them. 3. The escaped criminal is still at large. 4. Regrettably, the experiment ended in failure. 5. She heard the news of his death with apparent unconcern. 为了帮助学生理解,有些教师在课堂上直接把以上的句子翻译成中文: 1. 她狂热地爱上了他。 2. 他的评论在他们当中激发了一场争吵。 3. 逃脱的罪犯仍然逍遥法外。 4. 遗憾的是,实验以失败告终。 5.听到他的死讯,很明显她无动于衷。 对于以上简单机械的英译中处理手法,笔者不太苟同。无可否认,有了老师的中文解释,学生对篇章句意的理解是深入了,可是,除了一瞬间的顿开茅塞外,收益又有多少呢?对此笔者表示质疑。在英语课堂,笔者坚持认为,教师应该尽可能多地用英语来冲击和刺激学生的听觉和视觉,以确保他们有足够的语言输入量。笔者建议把阅读中那些典型的长难句挑出让学生进行paraphrase。下面谈谈笔者对以上例句的粗浅做法,仅供参考。 具体操作如下: 例1:首先笔者会提问学生,“Can you think of a word or phrase close in meaning with violently?” 倘若学生想不出,笔者就会提供以下两个句子让他们填空: She fell ____________ (crazy) in love with him. = She is __________ ___________ him. 于是学生就想到了crazily是副词修饰fell, 以及be crazy about, be keen on等词组。 例2:笔者先叫学生猜测spark off的词义,并鼓励学生动脑筋用学过的单词或词组来取代其意思。结果学生想到以下的句子: 1. His comments caused / led to / resulted in a violent quarrel between them. 2. Their violent quarrel resulted from his comments. ... 例3:提示学生根据句中的escaped及still,猜测at large的中文意思,接着要求学生explain in their own words。结果,学生提供了自己的答案: 1. The criminal manages to avoid being caught by the police. 2. The police are in search of the criminal but fail to catch him. 等等 例4:笔者叫学生按照原句的意思来填写以下的句子: 1. It is a __________ that the experiment failed at last. 2. ______ ______ ______ (令大家感到遗憾的是), the experiment failed in the end. 如此一来,学生就会联想到 It’s a regret / pity / shame that…“……真遗憾” 和to one’s… “令某人感到……”这个结构。 例5:类似地,可以采用例4的方法,进行句型转换,要求学生填空: 1. When she heard of his death, obviously she was not ________ _________ it. 2. Hearing the news _________ _________ ________ ________(用同位语从句), it was clear that she didn’t care about it. 3. She was _________ _________ (对……冷漠/无动于衷) his death. 通过paraphrase来替换长难句,学生的表达会更加灵活,语言的能力也得到提升。 同理,不仅单句中的难词(词组)可以用近义词或其它的句型来paraphrasing,把长句难句用paraphrasing来进行化解,更有助于学生对长难句的结构把握,从而加深理解。拿以下两道阅读理解中的长难句为例,笔者并没有一一为学生译成中文,而是要求他们用英语来解释(explain the following sentences in their own words)。 1. Dr. Larks thought the risk of an operation was justified. 笔者鼓励学生根据构词法猜测justify的意思。just意为“正义的”,由terrify, qualify, beautify等后缀可推知,justify很明显是动词,表示“令……合理化”,于是学生有了以下的解释: 学生甲的paraphrasing: The operation would be a great risk, but Dr. Larks thought he had good reasons to take the risk and perform the operation. 学生乙的paraphrasing:Dr. Larks held the belief that although performing the operation would be risky, it was reasonable and worthwhile to do that. 2. As the sun rose higher, thirst began to take a central place in Peter’s consciousness. 学生丙的paraphrasing:As it got hotter, Peter became more and more conscious of how thirsty he was. 学生丁的paraphrasing:With the temperature becoming higher, Peter became more and more aware that he was very thirsty. 通过paraphrase,遇到新词(词组),学生再不会条件反射地在其后面注上中文意思,而是用近义词来作为注脚,逐渐养成用英语来解释英语的好习惯。如此一来,日积月累,学生的词汇扩大了,思路开阔了,表达多样了,处理生僻词的能力也得到了锤炼,更重要的是学会用英语来思维(think in English)。查看更多