【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解细节理解试题10篇练与析（含有详细解析）学案（16页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解细节理解试题10篇练与析（含有详细解析）学案（16页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解细节理解试题10篇练与析 ‎【一】‎ The National Gallery Description：‎ The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London.It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh.The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.‎ Layout：‎ The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th to 15thcentury paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.‎ The main West Wing houses 16thcentury paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titian and Veronese.‎ The North Wing houses 17thcentury paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velázquez, Claude and Vermeer.‎ The East Wing houses 18th to early 20thcentury paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.‎ Opening Hours：‎ The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm(Fridays 10 am to 9 pm)and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.‎ Getting There：‎ Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross(2minute walk), Leicester Square(3minute walk)，Embankment(7minute walk)，and Piccadilly Circus(8minute walk)．‎ 语篇解读：本文是英国国家美术馆(The National Gallery)的参观指南，主要介绍了它的藏品、布局、开放时间及周边的交通状况。‎ ‎68．In which century's collection can you see religious paintings?‎ A．The 13th.　　　　　 B．The 17th.‎ C．The 18th. D．The 20th.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Description部分中的第二句“It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings”可知，在13世纪的藏品中含有宗教绘画作品。‎ ‎69．Where are Leonardo da Vinci's works shown?‎ A．In the East Wing. B．In the main West Wing.‎ C．In the Sainsbury Wing. D．In the North Wing.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Layout部分中的第二段内容可知，Leonardo da Vinci的作品在“the main West Wing”展出。‎ ‎70．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?‎ A．Piccadilly Circus. B．Leicester Square.‎ C．Embankment. D．Charing Cross.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Getting There部分中提供的信息可知，从Charing Gross至英国国家美术馆走路只需两分钟，因此这个地铁站距离英国国家美术馆最近。‎ ‎【二】‎ LowCost Gifts for Mother's Day Gift No.1‎ Offer to be your mother's health friend.Promise to be there for any and all doctor's visits whether a disease or a regular medical checkup.Most mothers always say “no need，” but another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor's visit.The best part? This one is free.‎ Gift No.2‎ Help your mother organize all of her medical records, which include the test results and medical information.Put them all in one place.Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. “Having all this information in one place could end up saving your ‎ mother's life，” Dr.Marie Savard said.‎ Gift No.3‎ Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. “Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep，” Savard said. “We know that good sleep is very important to our health.”‎ Gift No.4‎ Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mother's Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity (慈善机构). Gift givers can choose from a wide variety of useful but inexpensive things — many of which are “green” — and then choose a meaningful charity from a list.When your mother gets the gift, she will be told that she has helped the chosen charity.‎ ‎68．What are you advised to do for your mother at doctor's visits?‎ A．Take notes. B．Be with her.‎ C．Buy medicine. D．Give her gifts.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由Gift NO.1中的第二句话“Promise to be there for any and all doctor's visits whether a disease or a regular medical checkup.”可知，此处建议读者在医生来访时要陪伴母亲。‎ ‎69．What can be a gift of organization for your mother?‎ A．Keeping her medical information together.‎ B．Buying all gifts for her from one company.‎ C．Making a list of her medical checkups.‎ D．Storing her medicines in a safe place.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Gift NO.2的内容可知答案为A项。‎ ‎70．Where can you find a gift idea to improve your mother's sleep?‎ A．In Gift No.1. B．In Gift No.2.‎ C．In Gift No.3. D．In Gift No.4.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由Gift NO.3中的内容可知本题选C。‎ ‎71．Buying gifts from Presents for Purpose allows mothers to ________.‎ A．enjoy good sleep B．be wellorganized C．get extra support D．give others help 解析：选D　细节理解题。由Gift NO.4中的最后一句可知本题选D。‎ ‎【三】‎ Multitasking People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests.The findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can't focus on one activity.And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.‎ Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulstive (冲动) they were.They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.‎ Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.‎ ‎“People multitask not because it's going to lead to greater productivity, but because they're distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.‎ Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn't find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people's ‎ recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.‎ The findings do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they're dangerous.”‎ 语篇解读：本文为一篇科普文，介绍了Sanbonmatsu与他的同事们的一项研究结果：同时做很多事情的人往往会有最糟糕的结果，这是因为这些人做事情不专心，他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。‎ ‎67．The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask ________.‎ A．seek high productivity constantly B．prefer handling different things when getting bored C．are more focused when doing many things at a time D．have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句内容可知，由Sanbonmatsu的研究表明同时做很多事情的人往往会有最差的结果。此外，第三段第二句的内容也是提示。‎ ‎68．When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they ________.‎ A．assessed the multitasking ability of the students B．evaluated the academic achievements of the students C．analyzed the effects of the participants' tricky mental tasks D．measured the changes of the students' understanding ‎ ability 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句的内容可知，他和同事在进行研究时，评估了学生的多任务处理能力。‎ ‎69．According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their ________.‎ A．limited power in calculation B．interests in doing things differently C．inability to concentrate on one task D．impulsive desire to try new things 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段后半部分中的“but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can't focus on one activity”可知，人们进行多项任务的原因是他们不具备专注于一项任务的能力。此外，倒数第三段的内容也是提示。‎ ‎70．From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually ________.‎ A．drive very skillfully B．go in for difficult tasks C．fail to react quickly to potential dangers D．refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可知，喜欢同时进行多项任务的人一般对危险情况不太敏感，由此可推断他们通常不能对潜在的危险做出快速的反应。‎ ‎【四】‎ Below is a selection from a popular science book. ‎ If blood is red, why are veins (静脉) blue?‎ Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear.yellowish colour, Although blood looks red when it's outside the body, when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it's more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.‎ Which works harder, your heart or your brain?‎ That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.‎ Why do teeth fall out, and why don't they grow back in grownups?‎ Baby(or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria.Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you're done. When they're gone, they're gone .This is because nature figures you're set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.‎ Do old people shrink as they age?‎ Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn't because they're shrinking all over.They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity (重力)．Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3－4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more.If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don't really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards — their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter, it's because the spine has shortened a little.Or, more often, become more bent and curved.‎ Why does spinning make you dizzy (眩晕的)?‎ Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling. The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravityandmotionsensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable .But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not!‎ Where do feelings and emotions come from?‎ Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system .All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure .But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.‎ If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?‎ Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it's “use it, or lose it”！ It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.‎ ‎46．What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?‎ A．Blue. B．Light yellow.‎ C．Red. D．Dark reddish purple.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。从文章问题一下面的“when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it's more of a dark reddish purple colour”可知，静脉中靠近皮肤表面的血液应该是绛紫色，所以答案选D项。‎ ‎47．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?‎ A．Because their spine is in active use.‎ B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.‎ C．Because they keep growing backwards.‎ D．Because their spine becomes more bent.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。从问题四下面的“When they do get shorter, it's because the spine has shortened a little.Or, more often, become more bent and curved.”可知，由于脊柱的缩短或弯曲，所以老年人看起来显得矮了，所以答案选D项。‎ ‎48．Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?‎ A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.‎ B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.‎ C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.‎ D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。从问题二下面的“But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.”可以知道，从长远来看，脑子可能要比心脏更努力，更辛苦，所以答案选A项。‎ ‎49．What is the main purpose of the selection?‎ A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.‎ B．To provide information about our body.‎ C．To challenge new findings in medical research.‎ D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。从全文可知，这是一篇医学科技类的文章，主要介绍了与人体相关的一些知识，所以B项能很好地概括全文主旨大意。‎ ‎【五】‎ Guest Services ‎ Front Gate Guest Services can help you with anything from finding out what time your favourite show starts to purchasing tickets.The Guest Services location inside Front Gate also serves as a message centre, lost children's area and lost and found.Canada's Wonderland does not offer personalized public paging (传呼)．‎ Food & Drink Options Shops are located throughout Canada's Wonderland.Picnic baskets and coolers are welcome at the shelter located outside Wonderland on the north side of our Front Gate.Outside food and drinks are not allowed in the Park.Bottled water may be brought into the Park.‎ ATMs ‎ ATMs are located just inside the Park beside Stroller, Locker and Wheelchair Rentals at the Front Gate, as well as KidZville (beside Guest Services), Splash Works (two locations), and outside Thunder Run.‎ Pet Care ‎ A pet care facility is located outside our Front Gate on the south side for a daily fee.Water and airconditioned shelters are provided.Guests are asked to provide food and exercise.‎ First Aid ‎ If you need medical assistance, tell any park employee who will call First Aid and have them come to your Stroller, Locker and Wheelchair Rentals ‎ Stroller, locker and wheelchair rentals are ‎ location.‎ ‎ available inside the Park at the Front Gate, beside Thrills Are Wonderland.‎ Smoking Policy ‎ Smoking is not permitted while riding or standing in line for rides or in any of the children's areas or the Water Park.Smoking is permitted in designated (指定的) areas only.‎ Failure to observe all Park rules could result in being driven out of the Park without refund.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要向读者介绍了Canada's Wonderland公园里的一些服务。‎ ‎56．The leaflet is to inform visitors of the Park's ________.‎ A．advanced management B．thrill performances C．entertainment facilities D．thoughtful services 解析：选D　细节理解题。从文章中的关键信息“Guest Services”“Food & Drink Options”“ATMs”“Pet Care”“First Aid”“Stroller, Locker and Wheelchair Rentals”“Smoking Policy”可知，这个宣传单的目的是告知游客们有关Canada's Wonderland公园提供的体贴周到的服务信息。所以选D项。‎ ‎57．A visitor to the Park can ________.‎ A．rent a stroller outside Front Gate B．ask for first aid by Thunder Run C．smoke in the Water Park D．leave his pet at KidZville 解析：选B　细节理解题。从First Aid中的“tell any park employee who will call First Aid and have them come to your location”可知，如果游客需要急救的话，他们可以让公园工作人员叫医务人员过来。所以选B项。‎ ‎【六】‎ China is a land of bicycles. At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the country. Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle. Millions of them, all black. Cars were rare. Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, I've found the opposite is true. There are millions of cars. However,‎ ‎ people still use their bicycles to get around. For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colors — silver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want.‎ It's fun watching people biking. They rush quickly through crossroads, move skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks (人行道). Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just can't provide.‎ Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle. Great weather accompanied my great buy. I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.‎ My first ride home was orderly (守秩序的). To be safe, I stayed with a “pack” of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times. I didn't want to get hit. So I took the ride carefully.‎ Crossing the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States. The streets here were wide, so crossing took time, skill and a little bit of luck.‎ I finally made it home. The feeling on the bicycle was amazing. The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people. Biking made me feel alive.‎ 语篇解读：作者从美国来到中国，认识到中国是一个自行车王国，为了体验中国的文化，他买了一辆自行车并且开始了他难忘的体验之旅。‎ ‎56．According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today?‎ A．Because they are traditional and safe.‎ B．Because they are convenient and inexpensive.‎ C．Because they are colorful and available.‎ D．Because they are fast and environment friendly.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today.”可知，自行车在中国仍然很受欢迎的原因是自行车方便而且不贵。‎ ‎57．The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended ________.‎ A．to ride it for fun B．to use it for transport C．to experience local culture D．to improve his riding skills 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle.”可知C项正确。‎ ‎58．How did the author feel about his street crossing?‎ A．It was boring. B．It was difficult.‎ C．It was lively. D．It was wonderful.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“Crossing the streets was the biggest problem.”可知，作者认为过马路很困难。‎ ‎59．Which of the following best describes the author's biking experience?‎ A．The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills. ‎ B．The author was annoyed by the air while riding.‎ C．The author was praised by the other bikers.‎ D．The author took great pleasure in biking.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。文章最后一段中的“amazing, wonderful, on top of the world”和“feel alive”等说明骑自行车给作者带来了很多快乐。‎ ‎【七】‎ Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.‎ AVOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room.A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost ￡169.15 at Booking.com.A week later, the same room cost ￡118.15.‎ If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid — or you're looking for a big event to pass your time — check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.‎ STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION If traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of ‎ convenience at the start of your holiday.‎ Don't be too choosy about the part of town you stay in.Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodge's Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was ￡95.95.A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was ￡75.75.And at Farringdon, a double room cost just ￡62.95.‎ LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events.As an alternative consider checking into a selfcatering flat with its own kitchen.Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings.A great example is the historic O'Neill Flat on Edinburgh's Royal Mile, available for ￡420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults.‎ GET ON A BIKE London's ‘Boris bikes’ have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs.‎ Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around ￡1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or ￡5 per day)．‎ ‎56．The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may ________.‎ A．help travelers pass time B．attract lots of travelers to the UK C．allow travelers to make flexible plans D．cause travelers to pay more for accommodation 解析：选D　推理判断题。文章提到同样的一间房在盛大节日和非盛大节日时的价格不同，因此这里是说在重大事件发生时旅行者付的住宿费要高一些。‎ ‎57．“Farringdon” in Paragraph 5 is most probably ________.‎ A．a hotel away from the train station B．the tube line to Covent Garden C．an ideal holiday destination D．the name of a travel agency 解析：选A　推理判断题。此段的标题讲住宿要远离车站，而作者列举Farringdon的双人间价格非常便宜，因此可以推断Farringdon是一个离车站比较远的宾馆。‎ ‎58．The passage shows that the O'Neill Flat ________.‎ A．lies on the ground floor B．is located in central London C．provides cooking facilities for tourists D．costs over ￡100 on average per day in late September 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“checking into a selfcatering flat with its own kitchen”可知，它是一个能为游客提供有厨房的公寓。‎ ‎59．Cardiff's program allows a free bike for a maximum period of ________.‎ A．half an hour B．one hour C．one hour and a half D．two hours 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中的“Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or ￡5 per day)”可知，Cardiff能提供30分钟的自行车免费租用时间。‎ ‎60．The main purpose of the passage is ________.‎ A．to tell visitors how to book in advance B．to supply visitors with hotel information C．to show visitors the importance of selfhelp D．to offer visitors some moneysaving tips 解析：选D　写作意图题。文章主要介绍了在英国旅游时一些省钱的方法，因此D项是最佳选项。‎ ‎【八】‎ Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day's events, feelings, and impressions in my little ‎ blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all, isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?‎ When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, wellequipped with pens, a diary, and a camera.During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen ...‎ At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.‎ Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often — only of objects I find really beautiful. I'm no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.‎ I don't want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I'll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don't live to make memories — I just live, and the memories form themselves.‎ 语篇解读：这是一篇富有生活哲理的记叙文。作者小时候喜欢写日记，每天忙着把“现在”记录在本子上。但13岁时的一次经历使作者意识到，我们应该学会享受而不是记录现在，“活着不是为了回忆”。‎ ‎51．Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of ________.‎ A．observing her school routine B．expressing her satisfaction C．impressing her classmates D．preserving her history 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容，尤其是最后一句“毕竟，积累记忆不就是保存过去的一种方式吗？”可知选D。‎ ‎52．What caused a change in the author's understanding of keeping a diary?‎ A．A dull night on the journey.‎ B．The beauty of the great valley.‎ C．A striking quotation from a book.‎ D．Her concerns for future generations.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。第二、三段描述了作者13岁时的经历，当时作者还热衷于为了将来的回忆而记录现在，但晚上当她发现山谷的美丽时突然明白，“我写的任何东西都比不上此时让自己好好感受山谷的美丽”，从此作者的态度发生了转变。‎ ‎53．What does the author put in her diary now?‎ A．Notes and beautiful pictures.‎ B．Special thoughts and feelings.‎ C．Detailed accounts of daily activities.‎ D．Descriptions of unforgettable events.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，作者现在只把自己特别的想法或情感写在日记中，故B项正确。‎ ‎54．The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is ________.‎ A．to experience it B．to live the present in the future C．to make memories D．to give accurate representations of it 解析：选A　推理判断题。最后一段作者说，“也许我会忘了一些事实，但至少，这些经历将永远在我的心中”。这就是作者对生活的感悟：把握现在，感受今天，生活重在感受而不是为了回忆而记录。‎ ‎【九】‎ A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.‎ The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.‎ Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.‎ The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.‎ ‎“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R．Lang, a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.‎ Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.‎ ‎“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.‎ Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.‎ The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.‎ However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 德国的一项研究表明，与悲观者相比，对自己的未来过于乐观的人在未来10年更容易出现残疾或死亡的现象。该研究还发现，年轻人对自己未来生活的满意度估计过高，中年人预测相对较准确，而老年人往往低估自己未来生活的满意度。‎ ‎67．According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?‎ A．Optimistic adults. B．Middleaged adults.‎ C．Adults in poor health. D．Adults of lower income.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，18～39岁的年轻人会高估自己未来生活的满意度，65岁及以上年龄的人往往会低估自己未来生活的满意度，而40～64岁的中年人则对自己未来生活的满意度估计更准确一些。‎ ‎68．Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ________.‎ A．to fully enjoy their present life B．to estimate their contribution accurately C．to take measures against potential risks D．to value health more highly than wealth 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第六段和第七段内容可知，对自己未来悲观的人比乐天派对自己的日常行为更加小心，这样的人可能会及时采取措施应对潜在的危险，因此选C。‎ ‎69．How do people of higher income see their future?‎ A．They will earn less money. B．They will become pessimistic.‎ C．They will suffer mental illness. D．They will have less time to enjoy life.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第八段中的第一句话可知，与身体不好或收入不高的人相比，身体好或者收入高的受访者往往预料自己身体垮得更厉害或收入明显减少。因此选A。‎ ‎70．What is the clear conclusion of the study?‎ A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.‎ B．Good financial condition leads to good health.‎ C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.‎ D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.　‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。文章开头提到不同年龄段的人对自己未来生活满意度的估计不同；从文章接下来的内容可知，年轻人更乐观，中年人较实际，老年人更悲观，人们对未来生活满意度估计的程度是随着年龄而递减的，因此选D。‎ ‎【十】‎ The Healthy Habits Survey (调查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits.Here are some findings and expert advice.‎ ‎1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday？‎ ‎·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.‎ ‎·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush.Brush gently for 2 minutes， at least twice a day.‎ ‎2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday？‎ ‎·Finding：Seniors， on average， bathe fewer than 3 days a week.And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day — half of the number doctors recommend.‎ ‎·Step：We touch our faces around 3，000 times a day — often inviting germs (病菌) to enter our mouth， nose， and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.And， most important， wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.‎ ‎3.How often do you think about fighting germs？‎ ‎·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.‎ ‎·Step：Be aware of germs.Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else？ To kill these germs， keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文。文章介绍了对美国老年人健康习惯进行调查后的结果以及专家给出的对策。‎ ‎56．What is found out about American seniors?‎ A．Most of them have good habits.‎ B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.‎ C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.‎ D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章开头部分可知，多数美国老年人没有好的习惯，故A项错误；30%的美国老年人每天洗手四次，而不是每周洗澡三天，故B项错误；根据第三个问题下Finding的内容“Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.”可知C项错误。根据第一个问题下Finding的内容“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知D项表述正确。‎ ‎57．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________.‎ A．twice a day B．three times a day ‎ C．four times a day D．eight times a day ‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二个问题下Finding中的“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day — half of the number doctors recommend.”可知，每天洗手四次只是医生建议的一半，由此可知，医生建议的次数是每天八次。故选D。‎ ‎58．Which of the following is true according to the text?‎ A．We should keep from touching our faces.‎ B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.‎ C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.‎ D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三个问题下Step内容中的“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else？”可知C项正确。‎ ‎59．The text probably comes from ________.‎ A．a guide book B．a popular magazine ‎ C．a book review D．an official document 解析：选B　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文显然不是书评(a book review)，也不是政府文件(an official document)。A项有较强的干扰性，但本文主要是面向公众的日常知识普及，而不是生活指导。故选B。‎