【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词学案考点（16页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词学案考点（16页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题代词学案考点 ‎——典题尝试(单句改错)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days._your→my_‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.our→his ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.your→our ‎ ‎4．(2016·四川高考) When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. her→his ‎5．(2018·河南毕业班适应性考试) A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid.him→her ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．人称代词作主语(使用主格)。‎ I like English and maths very much.‎ 我非常喜欢英语和数学。‎ ‎2．人称代词作宾语(使用宾格)。‎ Miss Milly teaches us dancing.‎ 米莉小姐教我们舞蹈。‎ ‎3．人称代词作表语(常用宾格形式)。‎ ‎—Who is there?‎ ‎—It's me.‎ ‎——谁在那儿？‎ ‎——是我。‎ ‎4．两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：‎ ‎(1)在并列主语中，I总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一(人称)。宾格me也一样。‎ You, she and I will be in charge of the case.‎ 你、我、她将负责这个案子。‎ ‎(2)第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。‎ He and she still don't agree to the plan.‎ 他和她还是不同意这个计划。‎ ‎5．物主代词可分为名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。‎ Those people are my schoolmates. ‎ 那些人是我的校友。‎ Would you mind my opening the window? ‎ 你介意我开窗户吗？ ‎ ‎(2)名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。‎ Your bike is black. Mine (My bike) is red. ‎ 你的自行车是黑色的，我的(自行车)是红色的。‎ Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs. ‎ 凯特姐妹俩和她们的一个表妹一起度假去了。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．介词后面只能跟人称代词的宾格作宾语，不能接主格。‎ There is a desk between you and I．(误)‎ There is a desk between you and me.(正)‎ 你和我之间有张桌子。‎ ‎2．在比较级的句子中than, as后用主格、宾格都可以。‎ He is taller than me (I)．他比我高。‎ 但在下列句子中有区别：‎ I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.‎ 杰克和她，我同样喜欢。‎ I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him, too.‎ 我和她都同样喜欢杰克。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·湖北襄阳调研)In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air.‎ ‎2．(2018·河南八市重点高中质检)That time, I thought he was a strange man who got on_my_(I) nerves. ‎ ‎3．This is not my dictionary. Mine (my) is lent to Lucy.‎ ‎4．(2018·安徽庐江六校高三联考)Doctor: Where did you hit your (you) head?‎ Patient: Right on the back.‎ ‎5．(2018·山东青岛一模)Mr. Green has two sons, and one of them is working as a bus driver now.‎ it的用法 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.‎ ‎2．(2016·四川高考)By that time, the panda no longer needed its (it) mother for food.‎ ‎3．(2018·福建龙岩质检) More danger exists, but they cannot see_it. ‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 一、it作人称代词 ‎ ‎1．用于指事物。‎ it用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物，以避免重复。‎ This is my watch. It's a Swiss one.‎ 这是我的手表。它是瑞士制造的。‎ ‎2．用于指动物或婴儿。‎ 除用于指代事物外，还可指动物或性别不详的婴儿，未确定身份的人。‎ They got a baby and it was very lovely.‎ 他们生了个孩子，很可爱。‎ Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was.‎ 一定有人来过，但我们不知道是谁。‎ ‎3．用于上文提到的情况，这时可以指代前面整个句子的内容。‎ He smokes in bed and I don't like it.‎ 他在床上抽烟，我不喜欢他这样。‎ 二、it作无人称代词 ‎1．基本用法。‎ it作无人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。‎ ‎(1)指天气：It is a lovely day, isn't it?‎ 天气真好，不是吗？‎ ‎(2)指时间：It was nearly midnight when she came back.‎ 她回来时已经将近午夜了。‎ ‎(3)指日期：It is April 1st today.‎ 今天是4月1日。‎ ‎(4)指距离：It is some 2,300 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou.‎ 从北京到广州大约2 300千米。‎ ‎(5)指价值：It is three dollars.‎ 价钱是3美元。‎ ‎(6)指温度：Today it is 30 degrees centigrade.‎ 今天的气温有30℃。‎ ‎2．用于某些句型。‎ It's time for sth.该做某事了 It's time to do sth.到做某事的时候了 It's time for sb. to do sth.某人该做某事了 It's (about/high) time＋that从句　某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，should不可省略)‎ It's the first (second ...) time＋that从句　某人第几次做某事(从句谓语用现在完成时)‎ It's＋时间段＋since从句　自从……有一段时间了 It's＋时间段＋before从句　过多长时间才……‎ 三、it作形式主语 it作为形式主语常常用于以下几个句型：‎ ‎1．It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句。‎ It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny's birthday party or not.‎ 他能否来珍妮的生日聚会还不确定。‎ ‎2．It＋be＋名词词组＋主语从句。‎ 这类名词有a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour, a question等。‎ It is still a question whether he will come or not.‎ 他来不来还是个问题。‎ ‎3．It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句。‎ It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.‎ 据报道16个人在地震中丧生。‎ ‎4．It＋be＋形容词(＋for sb.)＋动词不定式。‎ It's necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.‎ 年轻人掌握两门外语是必需的。‎ ‎5．It＋be＋形容词＋of sb.＋动词不定式。‎ 这类形容词常表示心理品质、性格特征，如kind, nice, stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。‎ It's very kind of you to help me with the work.‎ ‎→You are kind to help me with the work.‎ 你能帮我太好了。‎ ‎6．It＋be＋名词词组＋动词不定式。‎ It is not a good habit to stay up too late.‎ 熬夜太晚不是好习惯。‎ ‎7．It＋be＋名词或形容词＋动名词。‎ 这类名词和形容词常是good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等。‎ It is no use arguing about the matter with him.‎ 和他争论这个问题没有用。‎ ‎8．It＋takes (sb.)＋时间(金钱)＋动词不定式。‎ It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.‎ 建这个坝花费了工人们差不多三年时间。‎ 四、it作形式宾语 it作形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等，且在it后面有宾语补足语，即：动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正宾语。‎ ‎1．动词(make/feel/find/consider/think等)＋it＋形容词或名词＋不定式。‎ I felt it an honour to be invited to make a speech here.‎ 对于受邀来这演讲我感到很荣幸。‎ ‎2．动词＋介词＋it＋that从句。‎ You may depend on it that it is true.‎ 你可以相信这件事是真的。‎ ‎3．动词＋it＋when (if) 从句。‎ 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等。‎ I dislike it when you whistle.‎ 我不爱听你吹口哨。‎ We really appreciate it when she offered to help.‎ 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。‎ 五、it构成强调句 ‎1．it引导的强调句，通常形式为：It＋be＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。这种强调句由普通陈述句转换而来，用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语。‎ Karl bought Marva a bicycle on her birthday.‎ ‎→It was Karl that/who bought Marva a bicycle on her birthday.(强调主语)‎ ‎→It was for Marva that Karl bought a bicycle on her birthday.(强调间接宾语)‎ ‎→It was a bicycle that Karl bought Marva on her birthday.(强调直 接宾语)‎ ‎→It was on her birthday that Karl bought Marva a bicycle.(强调状语)‎ ‎2．注意区别强调句中的that/who分句与定语从句。‎ It was the student that/who asked the silly question.(强调句)‎ 是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。‎ He was the student who asked the silly question.(定语从句)‎ 他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。‎ ‎3．强调句的疑问句形式。‎ ‎(1)强调句的一般疑问句形式是：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子剩余部分。‎ Was it under the tree that you held your party last night?‎ 昨晚你们是在这棵树下举行的晚会吗？‎ ‎(2)强调句的特殊疑问句形式是：“疑问词＋is/was＋that/who ...”。‎ Why is it that you hate winter?‎ 你究竟为什么不喜欢冬天？‎ ‎[注意事项]　‎ 强调句不能强调谓语动词，强调谓语动词用do/does/did。‎ If you have a job, do devote yourself to it.‎ 如果你有一份工作，就一定要全心投入。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·河北唐山调研) I realized_it was foolish to judge AI that way.‎ ‎2．(2018·昆明模拟)But it's difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan them.‎ ‎3．(2018·江西九江一中第一次月考) It is also fun to eat in restaurants there.‎ ‎4．(2018·福州十三中高三期中)All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove it.‎ ‎5．I'd appreciate it if you could help me with my English.‎ 不定代词和替代词的用法 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句改错)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.all→both或去掉all ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didn't seem to think such. such→so ‎3．(2018·江西红色七校联考)It has been a long time since I did anything good for the environment.anything→something ‎ ‎4．(2018·江西六校联考)Failure is part of our life. Somebody has achieved great success without lots of failures.Somebody→Nobody ‎ ——规则点拨 一、one, ones, the one, the ones, that和those ‎1．one ‎(1)代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词，表示泛指(同类但不是同一物)，前面可以有冠词或形容词，也可以有this, that或another，但前面不能有物主代词。‎ I have lost my pen. I'm going to buy one.‎ 我丢了钢笔，我打算再买一支。‎ ‎(2)one作为不定人称代词，可泛指“任何一个人”，有one's和oneself形式。多用于正式文体，口语中也可用he/his代替one/one's。‎ One has to take care of oneself and one's family if he can.‎ 如果可能的话，一个人必须照料自己和家人。‎ ‎2．ones是one的复数形式，常用来代替复数可数名词，表示泛指，前面不用物主代词修饰，也不用these或those来直接修饰，除非ones前面有形容词。‎ These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones.‎ 这些黄色的马甲太小了，我要那些绿色的。‎ ‎3．the one替代表示特指的单数名词。‎ Hand me my coat. It's the one hanging on the wall.‎ 把那件外套递给我，挂在墙上的那件。‎ ‎4．the ones替代表示特指的复数名词。‎ I'd like to try on those shoes, the ones at the front of the window.‎ 我想试试那双鞋，在窗子前面的那双。‎ ‎5．that用来代替上下文中的名词，它表示与前面同类不同一的东西。that既可代替不可数名词，也可代替单数可数名词，其后总有后置定语，一般不指人。‎ ‎(1)代替不可数名词。‎ Life in the countryside seems more exciting than that in city.‎ 农村的生活好像比城市的要热闹。‎ ‎(2)指代可数名词时，that相当于the one。‎ My room is better than that/the one next door.‎ 我的房间比隔壁的要好。‎ ‎6．those是that的复数形式，可用来替代可数名词的复数形式，表示特指；有时the ones和those可互换使用，常有后置定语。‎ The students in our class work harder than those in their class.‎ 我们班的学生比他们班的更努力。‎ 二、other, the other, others, the others, another ‎1．other 可作形容词或代词，作形容词时，意思是“别的，其他的”，泛指“其他的(人或物)”。‎ Do you have any other question(s)?‎ 你还有其他问题吗？‎ ‎2．the other ‎(1)指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。‎ He has two daughters, one is a nurse, the other is a worker.‎ 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。‎ ‎(2)后面可加单数名词，也可加复数名词。‎ On the other side of the street, there is a tall tree.‎ 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。‎ Mary is much taller than the other girls in our class.‎ 玛丽比我们班其他的女孩高得多。‎ ‎3．others others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个，其他的”，在句中可作主语、宾语。‎ Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.‎ 我们中一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其他的参加体育活动。‎ ‎4．the others 只作代词，意思是“其他东西，其余的人”，特指某一范围内的“剩余的(人或物)”，是the other的复数形式。the others＝the other＋复数名词。‎ Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.‎ 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。‎ ‎5．another 既可作形容词，也可作代词，泛指同类人或事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。‎ This Tshirt is a little tight on the shoulders.Please show me another one.‎ 这件T恤在肩膀处有点紧，请给我另一件看看。‎ 三、some, any, all, both, either, neither, each, every这一类词，除every只能作限定词外，其余都是既可作限定词，也可作不定代词。‎ any boy/any (one) of the (three or more) boys 任一男孩/(三个或更多中的)任一男孩 ‎1．表示“全体”，可用all和both，但all表示三个或三个以上人或物的“全体”，而both则表示两个人或物的“全体”。如果要表示“全体都不”的意思，当“全体”为三个或更多的人或物时，通常用none。如果要表示两个人或物“都不”，通常要用neither。‎ All the four applicants are below the average.‎ 这四位申请者都很平庸。‎ None of the students failed the examination.‎ 没有一个学生考试不及格。‎ Neither (one) of the (two) cars was made in Japan.‎ 两辆车没有一辆产自日本。‎ ‎2．表示全体中的“每个”，如果这个“全体”包含三个或更多的人或物，通常用every。如果这个“全体”包含两个或两个以上的人或物，便可以用each。every与each的区别还在于every指许多人或物中的“每个”，侧重在全体，近乎all的含义。‎ Every student in the class took part in the performance.‎ 这个班的每个学生都参加了这次表演。‎ Each/Every side of the square was crowded with people.‎ 广场的四周都挤满了人。‎ ‎3．表示全体中的“任何一个”，也要看这个“全体”是包含三个或更多，还是只包含两个。当“全体”包含三个或三个以上，要表示其中任何一个须用any。‎ Any (＝Every) child would know that.‎ 每个孩子都知道这个。‎ 当“全体”只包含两个时，要表示其中任何一个须用either。‎ We have two copies left. Keep either (copy) for the file.‎ 我们有两份拷贝剩下，为文件保留其中的一份。‎ 但在on either side, on either end等固定词组中有时可以兼指两个。‎ There are stairways at either end of the corridor.‎ 走廊的两头都有楼梯。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．it和they是指代同名同物，而one, the one, ones, the ones, that, those指代的是同名不同物。比较：‎ I have been looking for a house.I haven't found one.‎ 我一直在找一处房子，但是没找到。‎ I found a house yesterday and I bought it.‎ 我昨天找到了一处房子并买下来了。‎ ‎2．none代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可以是单数也可以是复数，但是 代替不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎—Can you lend me some money?‎ ‎—Sorry, none of mine is left.‎ ‎——你能借我点钱吗？‎ ‎——抱歉，我的用完了。‎ ‎3．否定词和every, both, all在同一个句子中使用表示部分否定。‎ Every student didn't pass the exam.Two students failed.‎ 学生没有全通过考试。两个学生没及格。‎ Not all the people present at the meeting voted for the plan.‎ 参加会议的人没有全部投票支持这个计划。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．He_either_watches TV or reads books in the evening.‎ ‎2．The girl would rather be_anything_but ordinary; she was longing to be a superstar. However, she turned out to be nobody. ‎ ‎3．She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.‎ ‎4．To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the_other.‎ ‎5．(2018·浙江温州返校联考)During the rush hour, I have been looking for a taxi but haven't found one yet.‎ ‎6．(2018·陕西宝鸡九校联考)Equipped with modern facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from those of the past.‎ ‎1．考查人称代词的主格和宾格 ‎①(2015·广东高考) Now it occurred to ________ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. ‎ 解析：him　根据空后的“his farm”可知应填him。It occurs to sb. ‎ that ...“某人突然想起……”。‎ ‎②(2018·河北石家庄调研) But Mike insisted, saying, “This is the real_me (I)．” Well, you can imagine Mother's despair.‎ 解析：me　句意：但是迈克坚持说：“这就是真正的我。”呃，你可以想象妈妈的绝望。在口语中，常用人称代词的宾格形式做宾语。‎ ‎2．考查物主代词的用法 ‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by________(it)mother. ‎ 解析：its　此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语。‎ ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with ________ (it) choking smog. ‎ 解析：its　因为smog是名词，所以需要用it的形容词性物主代词形式，故填its。‎ ‎3．考查反身代词的用法 ‎“She thought I had hurt ________ (I)，” says Pahlsson.‎ 解析：myself　根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填myself。‎ ‎4．考查it的用法 ‎ ‎① (2014·辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds. ‎ 解析：it　根据语境可知此处应该填入指代leg的代词。‎ ‎②(2014·广东高考)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ________ was a wonderful holiday destination. ‎ 解析：it　从空后的“a wonderful holiday destination”可以知道，这个地方就是Miami，用it指代前面提到的地点。‎ ‎5．考查不定代词和替代词的用法 ‎ ‎①(2016·6月浙江高考改编) In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK. ‎ 解析：that　根据句意可知，空格处可以填入the education system，故 可以用that来代替。‎ ‎②(2015·四川高考改编) Niki is always full of ideas, but ________ is useful to my knowledge.‎ 解析：none　句中的“full of ideas”表明主意是三个或三个以上，所以用none表示完全否定。‎ ‎1．代词单复数的错用 ‎ 示例 ‎①(2015·浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. 答案：them→it ‎②Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to that of McDonald's.答案：第二个that→those 点拨 人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等都有单复数之分，要根据上下文确定单复数。‎ ‎2．物主代词的错用 ‎ 示例 ‎(2016·6月浙江高考)Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet her at the door. 答案：her→him 点拨 考查代词。根据从句主语he，应该用him。‎ ‎3．不定代词的错用 ‎ 示例①‎ ‎(2015·陕西高考)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. 答案：anything→something 点拨 一般来说some(thing)用于肯定句，any(thing)用于疑问句和否定句。‎ 示例②‎ ‎(2015·四川高考)It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. 答案：many→much 点拨 many代替可数名词，much代替不可数名词。‎ 示例③‎ ‎(2013·浙江高考)Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.”答案：other→another 点拨 表示“两者中的另一个”用the other，而表示“(三者或三者以上)另外的一个”用another。‎ ‎4．代词与其所指代的对象不符 ‎ 示例 ‎(2014·四川高考)Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off ... If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.答案：us→you 点拨 代词主要是用来代替其他实义词或上下文意义的，因此代词应与其指代的对象相符。否则就会出现代词指代错误。‎ ‎[增分技法]‎ 使用好代词，写出正确优美句子。‎ ‎①在我看来，我们学生应当遵守学校制度，做学校让我们做的事情。‎ In my opinion, we students should obey the regulations of our school, and do whatever our school asks us to do.‎ ‎②在冬季，北京的天气比广州的天气冷得多。‎ In winter, the weather of Beijing is much colder than that of Guangzhou.‎ ‎[巧用增分]‎ ‎①张老师是一位非常受人尊重的老师，一位我们余生都不会忘记的老师。(a most respected, one, for the rest of our lives)‎ Mr._Zhang_is_a_most_respected_teacher,_one_we'll_never_forget_for_the_rest_of_our_lives.‎ ‎②每个人都应关心环境。我们中的每一个人都应当为保护环境做出贡献。(everyone, care about, the environment, every one, make a contribution to)‎ Everyone_should_care_about_the_environment_and_every_one_of_us_should_make_a_contribution_to_protecting_it.‎ ‎③一些人支持这个观点，然而，其他人反对它。(in favor of, strongly against)‎ Some_are_in_favor_of_the_idea;_however,_others_are_strongly_against_it.‎ ‎④你尽可放心，他明天会按时来的，因为他是世界上最值得信赖的人。(depend on it, turn up, reliable)‎ You_can_depend_on_it_that_he_will_turn_up_on_time_tomorrow,_because_he_is_the_most_reliable_person_in_the_world._‎