【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法提分部分2-简单句的五种基本句式

【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法提分部分2-简单句的五种基本句式

‎2.简单句的五种基本句式 一 主语＋谓语(不及物动词)‎ 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词称为不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。‎ ‎①And I can play outside too!‎ 我也可以在外面玩。‎ ‎②Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.‎ 沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴地欢呼雀跃。‎ 即时练1　 ‎①在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。‎ Under the circumstances, teachers and students ___________________________.‎ ‎②龙舟训练营将于7月20号开始。‎ The Dragon Boat Training Camp __________________________.‎ ‎③因此，这种新鞋最近问世了。‎ Therefore, ________________________________________ recently.‎ 答案：①are living happily and working hard　②will open on July 20th　③this new kind of shoes has come into being 二 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 该句式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。‎ ‎①As we all know, Chinese_papercutting has a long history of over 1,500 years.‎ 众所周知，中国剪纸有1,500多年的悠久历史。‎ ‎②I plan to find a parttime job in a foreign capital company.‎ 我计划在一家外资公司里找一份兼职工作。‎ ‎③I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement very much.‎ 我非常感谢我的数学老师的表扬和鼓励。‎ 即时练2　 ‎①最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。‎ Finally, ______________________________ frequently.‎ ‎②十二岁时，我得到了一辆漂亮的自行车作为生日礼物。‎ At the age of twelve, I ______________________.‎ 答案：①we should take part in sports and outdoor activities　②got a nice bike as ‎ a birthday gift 三 主语＋系动词＋表语 该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式、动名词等。‎ ‎①A_wide_range_of_papercuttings are on show.‎ 大量的剪纸在展览。‎ ‎②This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.‎ 对于更多的人来说，这确实是观看它们的一次好机会。‎ ‎③The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.‎ 我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。‎ 即时练3　 ‎①在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。‎ In my opinion, a person without friends ____________________.‎ ‎②现在，在中学里，课外活动正变得越来越受欢迎。‎ Nowadays, afterschool activities are becoming __________________ in high schools.‎ 答案：①will never be happy　②more and more popular 四 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。‎ ‎①Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.‎ 现在，我代表我的校友们，祝愿你们一路平安。‎ ‎②At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection.‎ 同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。‎ 即时练4　 ‎①格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们做一次演讲。‎ Mr Green will ______________________ on how to learn English well.‎ ‎②幸运的是，她答应给我一个重新面试的机会。‎ Fortunately, ________________________ to be interviewed.‎ ‎③它给像你我这样的青少年提供了一个享受运动和学习中国文化的机会。‎ It __________________________ to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.‎ 答案：①give us a speech　②she promised me another chance　③offers teenagers like you and me a chance 五 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。宾补可以由名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等来充当。‎ ‎①In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college.‎ 事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。‎ ‎②Your_contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.‎ 你们的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。‎ 即时练5　 ‎①作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。‎ As a high school student, ______________________________.‎ ‎②从古代起，人们就把早起视为好习惯。‎ People ________________________ since ancient times.‎ 答案：①I consider English a very important subject ‎②have regarded getting up early as a good habit ‎[过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用简单句翻译下列各句，并写出所属的基本句式 ‎1．我是一名美国学生，名叫吉姆。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：I am an American student, Jim.(主语＋系动词＋表语)‎ ‎2．上周我和家人在北京参观了许多名胜。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Last week I visited many places of interest with my family in Beijing.(主谓＋谓语＋宾语)‎ ‎3．在我参观期间，我在北京饭店(BEIJING HOTEL)住了五天。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：During my visit, I stayed at the BEIJING HOTEL for five days.(主语＋谓语)‎ ‎4．这个旅馆给我们提供了很好的服务。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：The hotel offered us good service.(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)‎ ‎5．他们总是将房间保持得很整洁。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：They always keep the rooms clean and tidy.(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ ‎6．外国游客住在那里很方便。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：It is very convenient for foreign visitors to stay there.(主语＋系动词＋表语，it作形式主语)‎ Ⅱ.适当添加细节将Ⅰ中的6个句子合并成一篇短文 ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：I am an American student whose name is Jim. Last week I went to Beijing and visited many places of interest with my family. During my visit, I stayed at the BEIJING HOTEL for five days, which offered us good service. And they always keep the rooms clean and tidy. What's more, with everything labeled in both English and Chinese, it is very convenient for foreign visitors to stay there. I was deeply touched by this.‎