【英语】2020届二轮复习书面表达分类写作指导学案之十七：说明文

【英语】2020届二轮复习书面表达分类写作指导学案之十七：说明文

‎2020届二轮复习书面表达分类写作指导学案之十七：说明文 模板一 Topic ‎ ①________ is a most effective _______to _______. ②For most people, it’s almost impossible to ______. ③________is really _________.④With the functions of _______,it enables us to _______.⑤It can even ______. ⑥Just imagine, all this can be done with _______. ⑦A convenient tool can certainly make _______, but it doesn’t always help _______.⑧Too much _________.⑨Too many ________.⑩Relying too much on _______ makes ________. ‎ ‎①点明要介绍的事物的必要性 ②介绍该事物对多数人的重要意义 ③该事物优势或显著特点 ④该事物的作用 ⑤进一步说明该事物的作用 ⑥说明该事物的重要性 ⑦承上启下，介绍事物的另一方面 ⑧该事物的负面影响一 ⑨该事物的负面影响二 ⑩总结说明过分使用该物品给我们带来的负面影响。‎ 模板二 说明原因型说明文模板 ‎　　Nowadays, there are more and more in some big cities. It is estimated that ____________________.（用具体数据说明某现象）‎ ‎　　Why have there been so many ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first reason is that __________________.（原因一）Besides, ‎ ‎__________________.（原因二）The third reason is __________________.（原因三）To sum up, the main cause of is due to__________________ .（指出主要原因）‎ ‎　　It is high time that something should be done. For one thing, __________________.（解决建议一）‎ ‎　　For another thing, . All these measures will certainly __________________.（解决建议二）‎ 模板三 描述事物型说明文模板 ‎　　What I have known about is that _________________.（具体描述某事物）‎ ‎　　Firstly, __________________.（描述要点一）__________________.（具体阐述要点一）Secondly, __________________.（描述要点二）（具体阐述要点二）__________________. As a college student, __________________.（结合自身描述要点三）‎ ‎　　All in all, __________________.（做出总结）Therefore, we should __________________.（提出建议）‎ 模板四 问题解决型说明文模板 ‎　　In recent days, there has been a problem , which is becoming more and more serious.（说明问题及其现状）First, __________________. Second, __________________.（进一步阐释现状）‎ ‎　　We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________. For another thing, ________. Finally, ________.（列举解决该问题的方法）‎ Personally, I believe that ________/Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________.（结尾段，指出＂我＂的信心及理由）‎ 模板五 说明利弊题型说明文模板 ‎ ‎ Nowadays, many people prefer A because it is playing a more and more important role in our daily life. Generally/Generally speaking/On the whole, its advantages can be seen as follows./it has the following advantages. First of all, _________________ (A的优点之一). Besides,/What’s more, _________________A的优点之二）.‎ ‎ However, every coin has two sides./Everything has both advantages and disadvantages. The negative aspects are also apparent./Its disadvantages are also obvious. One of the important disadvantages is that _________________ (A的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,/To make the matter worse,/To make things worse/What’s worse, _________________(A的第二个缺点)．‎ ‎ Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones./The above analysis shows us that it has more advantages than disadvantages. Therefore, I would like to ‎ ‎_________________ (我的看法)．‎ ‎ (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only in this way can we_________________(对前景的预测)．)‎ 必备佳句 ‎1简要说明图表内容的句型： 从图表可以看出 ‎ The table/chart shows that …‎ ‎ As can be seen from the chart…‎ From the table/chart/forms we can see…‎ The table tells us that…‎ ‎2表示变化/比较的句型： ‎ There was a great / slight increase/rise in … ‎ There has been a sudden /slow/rapid fall/ drop in… It is 20% lower /higher than… ‎ The number/rate has nearly doubled, as against that of last year.‎ The number is … times as much as that of…‎ It increases/rises/decreases/reduces by … times/ … percent/ 2/3. ‎ ‎3说明原因的句型： ‎ The reason for …is that… ‎ One may think of the change as a result of…‎ The change in… largely results from the fact that…‎ There are several causes for this significant growth in … First…This brings out the important fact tha…‎ ‎4 结尾句型： ‎ In summary, it is important…. ‎ From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that… ‎ Obviously, if we want to…, it is necessary ….‎ ‎ There is no doubt that attention must be paid…‎ ‎ 经典试题训练 Writing1‎ 学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品（如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以＂My Magic_______＂为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。‎ 内容：‎ ‎1.说明设计理由；‎ ‎2.介绍新功能。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数不少于120‎ ‎2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文】‎ My magic pen Pens are necessities for every student. So we are all familiar with them. ‎ I design my pen. On the one hand, it’s easy to carry. On the other hand, it’s used not only for writing but also for other important aspects.‎ Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, so when it is dark on my way home or to school, I can use it for a flasher. I won’t be afraid of darkness any more. Secondly, I fix a tiny clock in the pen, so I can know the time and I don’t have to wear my watch. At last, I put a sharp knife on the top of the pen, I can either use it for cutting things or even protecting myself when I come across danger. ‎ Such is the pen which I designed. Isn’t it useful and attractive? ‎ Writing2‎ 请以＂我最喜欢的未来机器人＂为题，写一篇100 词左右的说明文，描述自己理想中的未来机器人。要包含以下要点：‎ ‎1.我理想中的未来机器人是一个英俊的小伙子， 名叫杰里；‎ ‎2.他不仅歌唱得好，也擅长踢足球。他很聪明，能说流利的中文和英文；‎ ‎3.他理解我、关心我。当我沮丧时，他会鼓励我； 当我取得很大进步时，他会表扬我；‎ ‎4.他帮我学习；‎ ‎5.杰里是我最好的朋友，我非常喜欢他。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ Writing3‎ 仔细观察下面一幅图画，根据图画的内容，写一篇100词左右的英语短文。‎ 情景：假定你叫李华，家住香港。你和几个朋友约定星期六在中心公园聚会。现请你写封信邀请在学校居住的Brown女士参加，并根据下图告诉她来中心公园的路线。‎ 参考词汇：have a gathering party(聚会)‎ Dear Mrs Brown,‎ We are so glad that you're coming to join us on Saturday. Here is how you can find us. ____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ Writing4‎ 请根据下面的提示，以＂广告＂为题写一篇说明文。‎ 在现代社会中，广告随处可见，它们出现在电视荧光幕（TV screen）上，在报纸和杂志上也占有显著地位。它们展示（display）或画在墙上，甚至在公交车上。说实在的，今天在公共场所，很难没有广告。‎ 广告在经济活动中（economic activities），确实扮演了重要角色。它们告诉大众新产品，并且有助销售。不幸的是，有些广告不诚实，它们千方百计欺骗消费者（consumer），因此，我们固然承认广告能帮助我们，但我们也要时常对它们小心, 免受欺骗。学科#网 注意： ‎ ‎1. 文章必须包括提示要点，请不要逐字翻译，行文需连贯通顺；‎ ‎2. 词数100－120词； ‎ ‎3. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文】‎ Advertisements ‎　　Advertisements can be seen everywhere in modern society. They appear on the TV screen. They occupy an obvious place in newspapers and magazines. They are displayed or painted on walls and even on buses. Indeed, it is difficult to find a public place without advertisements nowadays.‎ ‎　　It is true that advertisements play an important role in economic activities. They tell people about new products and help promote sales. Unfortunately, some of the advertisements are not true. They cheat consumers one way or another. So, admitting that advertisements can help us, we should also be aware of them from time to time and not be a slave to them!‎ Writing5‎ 人人都渴望朋友和友谊。为此，有人提出了建立，加深和保持友谊的三要素：1.诚实：建立友谊；2.慷慨大方和乐于分享：加深友谊；3.通情达理：使友谊持久。请围绕以上三点，写一篇说明文，‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.使用一般现在时态；‎ ‎2.词数100左右；‎ ‎3.参考词汇：understanding adj./n.通情达理的/理解；generosity n.慷慨大方。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文】‎ To establish a long-term friendship，we must learn three important factors：be honest，be generous and be understanding .‎ First, honesty is where friendship starts. Friends must trust each other. If we tell lies, our friends will find out that we aren’t reliable, which may result in losing friends. Second, generosity means sharing, aimed at helping friendship grow. But it is not involved with only money. We can share other valuable things such as studying skills and feelings, etc. Third, understanding makes our friendship last longer. If friends have quarrels , just put ourselves in our friends’ shoes, and we can understand them better, thus making up and as a result, our friendship will be stronger and stronger and last forever.‎ Writing6‎ 写一篇说明文。现在有些父母成为＂孩奴＂：养育孩子耗费了父母大部分收入；出现这种现象的原因在于经济压力和攀比心理；分析这种现象对于父母和国家的发展可能产生的影响。‎ 要求：‎ ‎1.词数：150左右；‎ ‎2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3.开头已经给出，不计入总词数。‎ Parents’ Being Slaves to the Children Parents’ being slaves to their children or ＂child’s salve＂ is nowadays a hot topic in China. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎