高考英语精讲精练精析专题21阅读理解——社会生活、文化教育类习题含解析1

高考英语精讲精练精析专题21阅读理解——社会生活、文化教育类习题含解析1

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 1 专题 21 阅读理解——社会生活、文化教育类阅读 【2017 年高考命题预测】 预测一 高考阅读理解所选材料通常都是国外网站上的地道的英语文章，然后经过命题专家整合、改编而 成。文章主要介绍国内外的文化风俗、历史名胜、人文地理、著名人物等。 预测二 文章的篇幅较短，词数多为 280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文 等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信 息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。全国卷的命题逐渐向 地方自主命题卷，尤其是新课标地区的试卷看齐，不断增加词汇量和文章长度，向新课标过渡。 预测三 题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的 意图题和主旨大意题。这种命题特点要求考生更好地了解文章中的有用信息，提高阅读速度。 【考点定位】2017 考纲解读和近几年考点分布 社会文化包括经济、政治、文化、科学等各种题材，是高考英语阅读理解的热点题材。 它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，比如礼仪、语言、价值观、生活习惯等为主题。题材涉及社会、 文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。一般一篇文章一个主题，以议论文和记叙文为主。命题方面，既重主旨 把握，又重特定细节、推理判断。从近年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文 化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，更 多地了解并丰富自己的知识。 【考点 pk】 名师考点透析 考点一、细节事实理解。 一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感 变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在 整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通 常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问 46. Which of the following statements is(not) true correct? 47. Which of the following is not mentioned? 48. All of the following are true except... 49. Ac cor ding to the passage. when. where why how how what which, etc...? 1. 直接事实題 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 2 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可 以直接找 III。如： A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river. This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New Yoik to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 193 6. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United State s. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q： Hoover Dam lies_____________• A.betweenArizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B 【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是 D项。 2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。 Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station. “It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 3 the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile. Q：Which of the following is NOT true? A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 【解析】A、C 和 D项都可在原文找到答案，而 B 项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong 可判断不是 moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选 B。 3、数据推算。 If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ . A.$100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类 题时： 1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。 2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。 3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。 一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容 1.短文的标题（title,headline）； 2.短文或段落的主题（subject）； 3.中心思想(main idea)； 4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。 二、此类题的设问方式 1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 4 考点三、推理推断。 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或 者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力， 属于深层理解题。 此类题的设问常常包括 infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： 1.We can infer from the Passage that__________. 2.What can be inferred from the Passage? 3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage? 4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________. 5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________. 6.The writer implies that__________. 7.It can be inferred that__________. 8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________. 9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________. 10.From the text we can conclude that__________. 11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________. 12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage? 13.The author is inclined to think that__________. 14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________. 15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...? 16.In the writer’s opinion,... 近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上， 作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话， 也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推 理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如 According to the passage...,It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，虽 然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相 关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：1.假如题干中有具体线 索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如 It can be 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 5 inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，先浏览一下 4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一 篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如 infer,conclude 题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应 该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容 可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的 重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。 考点四、词义、句义猜测。 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停 留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。 此类题的设问方式主要有 1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by... 2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests... 3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to... 4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的 题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要 学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。 1.定义法。如: Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予 annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到 brittle 是“脆”的意思。 The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。 2.同位法。如: They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times. 同位语部分 a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明 night shift 是“夜班”的意思。 3.对比法。如: 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 6 She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but 一词表转折，因此 but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因 此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。 4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如: Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。 5.因果法。如： The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。 【三年高考】 14、15、16 高考试题及其解析 2016 年高考试题 1.【2016·全国新课标 I】B Grandparents Answer a Call As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 7 “in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important”” to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.” Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder. 25. Why was Garza’s move a success? A．It strengthened her family ties. B．It improved her living conditions. C．It enabled her make more friends. D．It helped her know more new places. 26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision? A．17% expressed their support for it. B．Few people responded sympathetically. C．83% believed it had a bad influence. D．The majority thought it was a trend. 27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A．They were unsure of raise more children. B．They were eager to raise more children. C．They wanted to live away from their parents. D．They bad little respect for their grandparent. 28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph? A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them C. Sacrifice for their struggling children D. Get to know themselves better 【答案】 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 8 25-28. A D C A 26.D细节理解题。根据第二段末句 Two thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family 可知，很多人会受 Marian Robinson 的影响，所以这回形成一种潮流。故选 D 。 27.C 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，在 60 年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立。故选 C。 28.A 推理判断题。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选 A 。 考点：社会生活类短文阅读 【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻 辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的 动词、名词、形容词和副词等。28 题中则根据 it is wiser to say no 推断出作者的立场。 2.【2016·全国新课标 I】D The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conv ersation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cu ltural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间 隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicat ing among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of t hese cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 9 Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 32. What does the author say about silence in conversations? A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship. C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 35. What may be the best title for the text? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 10 A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 【答案】 32-35.C A D B 33.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。 34.D 细节理解题。根据末段末句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。 故选 D 。 35.B 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断 B 选项可以概 括文章内容。故选 B 。 考点：社会生活类短文阅读 3.【2016·全国新课标 II】B Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.” A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 11 the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?” “Oh, sure.” “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?” “Nobody. I do it.” “Really-at night, when you’re asleep?” “Sure.” “Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?” 5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________? A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design 6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative. 7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. 8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams? A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking. 【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 【解析】 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 12 试题分析：本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。 5.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看 别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据本人的想 象力做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故 A 正确。 6.D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺 术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第三句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故 D项正确。 7.B 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不 足之处。故划线词意为“drawback 缺点”。故 B正确。 8.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创造性和想象力 的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们发现自己的创造 性和想象力。故 A 正确。 【名师点睛】 本文属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the risk ...... thinking.”中的“risk”说明我的教 育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback 缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。 近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作 出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断 该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例： Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices —deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big fa vorite. 从前面的 Car Rental Center 可知出租车公司提供的只能是 cars for rent(出租汽车)，也 就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。 除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如 but，however，otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也 可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。 还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结 果也可以找出原因。例如 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 13 Biggest power failure in the city's history ． ． ． All of our ice — cream and frozen foods melted． 根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是 melted。 考点：考查记叙文阅读 4.【2016·全国新课标 II】C Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries. 9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B.To introduce BookCrossing. C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 14 10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to? A. The book. B.An adventure. C.A public place. D. The identification number. 11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner. 12. What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 【名师点睛】 本文考查了代词指代题。根据本句“....hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。 可知其中的 it 指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。 阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词 it，that，he，him 或 them 可以指上 文提到的人或物，其中 it 和 that 还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 15 要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如： However, the question that "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A g rowing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. 首先，it 指上句中的 the question，而 the question 又指上一段中“月球人”所提的问题， 所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。 考点：考查说明文阅读 5.【2016·全国新课标 II】D A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. 13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? A. They were made last week B. They showed undersea sceneries 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 16 C. They were found by a cameraman D. They recorded a disastrous adventure 14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text? A. Frank Hurley B. Ernest Shackleton C. Robert Falcon Scott D. Caroline Alexander 15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage? A. Artistic creation B. Scientific research C. Money making D. Treasure hunting 【答案】13. D 14. C 15. C 【解析】 试题分析：本文属于记叙文。讲述了 Frank 的图片记录了一次不成功的航海活动，文章介绍了与这次航海 活动相关的具体内容。 33.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck....”可知这些照片记录的是 1914 年左右发生的一次海难事故。故 D 项正确。 34.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole....”可知到达南 极的是 Captain Scott。故 C项正确。 35.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知 Alexander 认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故 C 项正确。 【名师点睛】 本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如中的 A 项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures......undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍， 那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是 1914 年左右拍摄的。说明 A 项明显错误。 干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式： 1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的 却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 17 个词汇，造成句意的改变。 3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这 种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。 产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不 合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是 对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻 辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层 信息。 考点：考查记叙文阅读 6.【2016·全国新课标 III】B On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table. “Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.” Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair. “They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.” Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. “My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’” Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. “I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 18 “I don’t have to.” Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. 5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe? A. Two strangers joined her. B. Her childhood friends came in. C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D. Some people held a party there. 6. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s . A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories 7. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction? A. They live in big cities. B. They are mostly women. C. They come from real life. D. They are pleasure seekers. 【答案】 5. A 6. D 7. C 6. D 猜测词义题。划线的 them 指代前面提到的人或物，根据“Now we believe your stories”可知，them 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 19 指代的是 Welty 写的小说里面的故事，听了 Welty 和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty 的朋友 相信了 Welty 小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选 D。 7. C 推理判断题。根据“I don’t make them up”和“Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.”可知，Welty 小说里的人物并非虚构的，他们都来源于现实的生活， 故选 C。 考点：故事类短文阅读 【名师点睛】 猜词技巧：阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词， 要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下： (1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。 (2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词。 (3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词 it，that，he，him 或 them 可以指上文提到的人或物， 其中 it 和 that 还可以指一件事。第 6 题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。 (4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如 but，however，otherwise 等就可以看到前后 句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 (5)根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也 可以找出原因。 (6)根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释， 有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。 (7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。 常见问题形式有： (1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by … (2)As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests… (3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “…” is/r efers to /means… (4)The word “…” is closest in meaning to … 7.【2016·全国新课标 III】C If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 20 around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games. Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent. 8. What can people do at the apple events? A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families. C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples. 9. What can we learn about Decio? A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look. C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste. 10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean? A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope. C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire. 11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 21 A. To show how to grow apples. B .To introduce an apple festival. C. To help people select apples. D. To promote apple research. 【答案】 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B 9. C 推理判断题。故选 C。 10. B 猜测词义题。根据第二段“to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知，Decio 是许多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一，根据“which is more of a curiosity than anything else”可知，人们品尝它是出于好奇心，故选 B。 11. B 写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.” 可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选 B。 考点：生活故事类短文阅读 【名师点睛】 故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟， 以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙 述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。 解题技巧： 1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 22 种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现 文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。例如第 11 题，考查写作意图。作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day， 并推荐人们参加有关的活动。 2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事 的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂， 题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。 3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需 查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母 大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。 8.【2016·北京】A Dear Alfred, I want to tell you how important your help is to my life. Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time. However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses. While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center. Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose. Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 23 Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole. This is why you’re saving my life. Yours, Tanis 56.why did’t Tanis go to college after high school? A.She had learned enough about computer science B. She had more difficulty keeping foucesed C.She preferred taking online courses D.She was too slow to learn 57.AS for the working environment,Tains prefers____. A .working by herself B.dealing with the public C.competing against others D.staying with ADHD students 58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____. A.explain why she was interested in the computer B.share the ideas she had for her profession C .show how grateful she was to the center D.describe the courses she had taken so far 【答案】 56.B 57.A 58.C 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 24 考点：人物故事类短文阅读 【名师点睛】 细节理解题的类型： 1、直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻 找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确 理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。56、57 题都可以直接在文中找到有关信息。 2、间接信息题 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节 题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。 3、数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体 的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中 经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经 过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 4、排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题 时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正 确答案。 5、图表图画题 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 25 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现 增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图 画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。 9.【2016·北京】D Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群 体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 26 reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth. Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery. 67. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving C.Supportive D.Neutral 68. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means . A.change B.choice C.text D.extension 69. According to the author, what role should college play? A.to develop a shared identity among students B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior C.To provide a safe world without tension for students D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development 70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? 【答案】 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 27 67. B68. A69. D70. C 68. A 猜测词义题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility” 可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，故选 A。 69. D 推理判断题。每个人的个性都是不同的，排除 A；根据第四段“If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing...”可知，作者不 赞成大学管理者约束学生的社会行为，排除 B；大学不是一个无忧无虑的场所，排除 C；大学应该是学习知 识和促进学生成长的地方，故选 D。 70. C 篇章结构题。根据第四段“Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.”中 的“equally important”和第五段的“moreover”可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，故选 C。 考点：教育类短文阅读 【名师点睛】 I. 三类篇章结构题的出题方式 1. 结构识辨: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。 结构识辨类组织结 构题常见的题干表述方式如下：  How is the text organized?  The author develops the passage mainly by________.  The text is mainly developed in the order of________.  Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? 2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方 式如下： The author quoted …words in...paragraph in order to make the article________. 3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前 后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下： What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 28 Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection? II. 解题策略 考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此，具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构 方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。 1) 记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙 事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他, 最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。 2) 议论文总体上可以分为四类： 第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”； 第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”； 第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”； 第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。 3) 说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方 式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。 10.【2016·天津】C When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier. These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心 理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.” Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 29 The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.” 46. What do we know about John? A. He enjoyed his career and marriage. B. He had few childhood playmates. C. He received little love from his family. D. He was envied by others in his childhood. 47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____. A. a description of personal values and social values B. an analysis of how work was related to competence C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men 48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____. A. recording the boys’ effort in school B. evaluating the men’s mental health C. comparing different sets of scores D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability 49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A. Quick to react B. Having a thin edge 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 30 C. Clear and definite D. sudden and rapid 50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. competent adults know more about love than work. B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life. C. Love brings more joy to people than work does. D. Independence is the key to one’s success. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章通过 John 的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩 子长大后会更快乐，更成功。 46.【答案】A 考点：考查细节理解。 47.【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：根据第二段的句子 Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，可知，第二段 Vaillant 的话是解释为什么一 些男孩成长为快乐的人。故选 D。 考点：考查推理判断。 48.【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：根据第三段的句子 The researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores，可知，Vaillant 的团队获得他们的发现是通过对比不同的得分。故选 C。 考点：考查细节理解。 49.【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：根据第四段的句子 The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp（这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 31 关联是令人惊讶地明显），结合下面一句进一步可知，这里 sharp 的意思是“明确的，一定的”。故选 C。 考点：考查词义猜测。 50.【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：根据最后一段的句子 One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how too love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work，可知，情感健 康对于好的成年人生活是基本的。故选 B。 考点：考查推理判断。 【名师点睛】这篇文章内容和学生自己的生活密切相关，而且是通过调查研究的方式给出，更加有说服力， 虽然是考试题，学生应该有兴趣阅读，文章篇幅适中。考查比较全面，除了理解细节题，还需要适当的推 理，还有词义辨析类的题目，对学生能力考查比较全面。 做词义辨析类的题目，要仔细阅读这个词所在的前后的句子，发现有没有关联的同义词，反义词或是这个 词的定义，分析这篇阅读的 49 题，要求判断 sharp 的含义，这个词不是陌生的单词，高中教材上出现过， 它的意思是“锋利的，尖锐的，敏捷的，聪明的”，但是代入后，发现这些意思都不符合，而结合所在句子， 特别是下文的 Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.可知和上文的观点是一致的，也就是这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他 们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显。答案也不难得出。 11.【2016·天津】D Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding. We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first. Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 32 out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works. Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over. When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable. One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing. Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired. 51. People with start-up fatigue are most likely to . A. delay tasks B. work hard C. seek help D. accept failure 52. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue? A. Writing essays in strict order. B. Building up physical strength. C. Leaving out the toughest ideas. D. Dealing with the hardest task first. 53. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue? A. Before starting a difficult task. B. When all the solutions fail. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 33 C. If the job is rather boring. D. After finding a way out. 54. According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us . A. ignore mental problems B. get some nice sleep C. gain complete relief D. find the right solution 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Success Is Built upon Failure B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems 【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要介绍每个人都希望成功，但是人们在实施任务的时候会 出现启动疲惫和表现疲惫，这是造成失败的两种原因，文章具体介绍如何克服这两种疲惫。 51.【答案】A 考点：考查细节理解。 52.【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：根据第三段的句子 The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first，可知，为了防止启动疲惫作者建议首先处理最难的任务。故选 D。 考点：考查细节理解。 53.【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：根据第五段的句子 Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle…we fail again and again，可知，当所有的解决方法都失败的时候，一个人可能会有表现疲惫。故选 B。 考点：考查细节理解。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 34 54.【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：根据第五段的最后一句话 however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.，可知，无意识的行为可能帮助我 们发现正确的解决方法。故选 D。 考点：考查细节理解。 55.【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：根据全篇文章和最后一段的内容，可知，文章主要介绍造成失败的两种疲惫，以及如何克服疲 惫。故选 C。 考点：考查标题判断。 【名师点睛】这篇文章内容不是学生非常熟悉的，篇幅适中较长，要求学生快速阅读材料，在掌握文章大 意的前提下答题。考查题型以理解细节题为主，还要学生结合文章主旨给出适当的标题，这些不是某个句 子可以体现的，要对文章有整体把握。 这篇文章最后一题就是标题判断题。学生对标题判断题不能很好的把握，主要还是没有弄清主旨，分析四 个选项都出现了关键词 Fatigue，但是 A项说：成功是建立在疲惫的基础上，显然和文章内容矛盾，B 项是 怎么处理表现疲惫，明显不够全面，D项虽然也讲的是疲惫，但是将它定义为健康问题的迹象，这和文章内 容不符。通过全篇正确理解不难得出答案。 12.【2016·上海】(A) One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters. “Is it good?” I asked her. “Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward. “‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began: She never puts her toys away, Just leaves them scattered① where they lay,… ① 散乱的 The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly: 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 35 When she grows and gathers poise②, ② 稳重 I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③ 莽撞的 And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④ 徒劳地 And I’ll be sad. A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly. To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying. “What’s wrong?” my mother asked. “Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!” She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?” “Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world. I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most. 66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again? A. It was a thick enough book. B. Something on its cover caught her eye. C. Her mother was reading it with interest. D. It has a meaningful title. 67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first. A. sad B. excited C. horrified D. confused 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 36 68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______. A. it reflected her own childhood B. it was written in simple language C. it was composed by a famous poet D. it gave her a hint of what would happen 69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______. A. discover the power of poetry B. recognize her love for puzzles C. find her eagerness to grow up D. experience great homesickness 【答案】66. B 67. A 68. D 69. A 67.A 细节理解题。根据 A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. 可知当我读完这首诗的时候，我很难过。诗里的情感让我不愿意长大。故 A 正确。 68.D 推理判断题。根据 To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad.可 知对妈妈来说这首诗让她想起我也会长大也会离开她，她也会因为我的离开而非常难受。所以这本书让她 把未来可能发生的事情联系了起来。故 D 项正确 69.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.”可知这首诗让作者感 受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，这首因为她发现诗歌有强烈的情感冲击力。故 A 项正确。 【名师点睛】 本文属于判断推理题中的人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题 高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 37 格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意： （1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。 （2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措 辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。 （3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。 以为例，根据文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.”可知这首诗让作者感受了 诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，这首因为她发现诗歌有强烈的情感冲击力。 考点：考查记叙文阅读 13.【2016·上海】（B） Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. 3.5℃ This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction. 2℃ To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 38 1.5℃ This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking. 0.8℃ This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point. 0℃ The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age. 70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______. A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020 B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming 71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100? A. The human population would increase by one third. B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist. C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets. D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached. 72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 39 A. 0.8℃ B. 1.5℃ C. 2℃ D. 3.5℃ 【答案】70. D 71. D 72. B 【解析】 试题分析：本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到 2100 年我们应该达成的目标以及达 成目标要符合的条件。 70.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段三至六句“Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto ......stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming.”可知自从 20 世纪早期开始人类就一直在努力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变 暖的趋势。故 D 项正确。 71.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段 This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions;可知如果各国的气体排放能够符 合巴黎协议的要求，到 2100 年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段 To meet this minimum goal 可知最小 的目标是上升两度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故 D 正确。 【名师点睛】 细节理解题一直都是高考阅读理解中常考的题型，通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 以本文为例，第四段 1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati 对于那些低海拔的国家来说温度 上升不超过 1.5 度，就可以避免他们被淹没。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 40 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要 回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。 考点：考查说明文阅读 14.【2016·上海】(C) Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data. The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original. It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says. Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 41 “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we do n’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and use s of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have bec ome valuable only recently, he says. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them. 73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to? A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to. B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites. C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly. D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms. 74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______. A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models 75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______. A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future D. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of 76. The writer advises users of social media to _______. A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C. take no further action if they can find a kitemark 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 42 D. avoid providing too much personal information 77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Say no to social media? B. New security rules in operation? C. Accept without reading? D. Administration matters! 【答案】73. A 74. B 75. D 76. B 77. C 74.B 推理判断题。根据第五段前二句“Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data.”可知 Nigel Shadbolt 认为如果我们去做相 关调查，人们会认为他们会很注意这些认证标记的。故 B 项正确。 75.D 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.可知我们现在还不知道所签署的这些长期的无意义的合同未来会给他们带来 什么样的影响。也不知道未来人们会怎么利用这样的信息。故 D 项正确。 76.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.可知文章建议我们即使有认证标志，我们呀应该认真阅读那些无意义的合同中的条款 和内容，我们要知道我们所签署的协议的具体内容。故 B 正确。 77.C 标题概括题。现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同 或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提 出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。故 C 项“Accept without reading?未阅读就接受?”符合文 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 43 章中心思想。其余三项与文章内容不贴切。 【名师点睛】 本文属于主旨大意题。主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考 及高考实践，这类题目考察的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文 的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层 次题。选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当， 用词简短、精练。 文章标题的选择或拟定 1. 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系； 2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何； 3. 要注意题目是过大还是过小； 4. 要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现 为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。 要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心， 将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。 比如某一文章的中心句子为： Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world. 话题：Coffee 控 制 性 概 念 ： is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world 标题：Coffee Around the World 以为例, 现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让 我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然 后再签名。C 项“Accept without reading?未阅读就接受?”符合文章中心思想。 考点：考查社会现象类阅读 15.【2016·四川】B If you could have one superpower, what would it be? Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 44 strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life. Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world. They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others. We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do, don’t be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you’re older. But why not start now? Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. 4. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Your life style. B. Your life value. C. Your trouble in life. D. Your life experience. 5. Why does the author say they are inspired every day? A. They possess different kinds of superpowers. B. They have got the power to change the world. C. Some people around them are making the world better. D. There are many powerful people in their life and work. 6. What does the author stress in Paragraph 5? A. Learning more and contributing more to a cause. B. Rising above self and acting to help others. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 45 C. Working hard to get a bigger opportunity. D. Trying your best to help the poor. 7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B. Much more progress will be made in the near future. C. The work on health is the most valuable experience. D. People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 【答案】4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段 Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.每天在我们的工作中，我们会收到一些人的鼓舞，他们在 做一些改善世界的事情。故选 C。 6.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中 we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.。我们确实认为当你把你的 一些时间和精力奉献给别人时，你就能过上一个更强大的生活。Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause.。自愿或者，如果你能的话，给一个事业贡献一点钱。可知第五段的意思是： 行动起来帮助别人。故选 B。 7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.它已经改变了我 们是谁，在以后的这些年里最穷人的生活将会得到改善。故选 A。 【名师点睛】 推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 46 层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能 是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判 断题的题干中通常含有 infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate 等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包 括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。比如第 7 小题 A 推 理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.它已经改变了我们是谁， 在以后的这些年里最穷人的生活将会得到改善。故选 A。 考点：考查日常生活类阅读 16.【2016·四川】D A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 12. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 47 A. started sleep more easily B. were more anxious C. were less active D. woke up later 13. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A. It’s been tested on mice for ten years B. It can make people more energetic C. It exists in milk in great amount D. It’s used in sleeping drugs 14. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health 15.How does the author support the theme of the text? A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments. C. By explaining statistical data. D. By providing research results. 【答案】12.B 13.D 14.A 15.D 【解析】 试题分析：本文讲的是晚上牛奶和睡眠。 12.B 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, 晚上喂牛奶的那些比白天喂牛奶的那些更不活跃，更不焦虑。可知白天喂牛奶的那些更焦虑。故选 B。 13.D 推理判断题。根据第五段 Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.晚上牛奶加快睡眠的开始，使老鼠睡的时间更长。可知 D项符合题意。 14.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段 Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. 研 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 48 究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，这已经被证明能帮助人们感到困倦和减少焦虑。可知 A 项符 合题意。 【名师点拨】 抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心 要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细 节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面 的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。比如第 14 小题 A 主旨大意题。根据第二 段 Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. 研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪 黑激素，这已经被证明能帮助人们感到困倦和减少焦虑。可知 A 项符合题意。 考点：考查健康类阅读 17. 【2016·浙江】 A “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whipers to Tori. With her eyes shining,tori brags，“You bet I did,Sean told me two days ago.” Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly,Adam Freedmam,I can tell you that what that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still,Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton Higt School,including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)。I have noticed three effects of gossip:it can hurt people,it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction,and it can cause social pressures in a group. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually,gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups,trouble at home,even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is,the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People ofen 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 49 think of gossipers as harmless,but cruel lies can cause pain. If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly,hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感). Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said,then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have. 41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to . A.introduce a topic B.present an argument C.describe the characters D.clarify his writing purpose 42.An important negative effects of gossip is that it . A.breaks up relationships B.embarrasses the listener C.spreads information around D.causes unpleasant experiences 43.In the auther’s opinion,many people like to gossip because it . A.gives them a feeling of pleasure B.help them to make more friends C.makes them better at telling stories 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 50 D.enables them to meet important people 44.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can . A.provide students with written rules B.help people watch their own behaviors C.force school to impove student handbooks D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors 45.What advice does the author give in the passage? A.Never become a gossiper B.Stay away from gossipers C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies D.Think twice before you gossip. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了传言的危害和人们为什么喜欢传闲话。 41. 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：根据文章第三段的 Many of our conversations are gossip. （我们的话题很多都是闲话），可 知开头的对话是为了介绍本文的主题， 故选 A。 考点：考查推理判断。 42. 【答案】D 考点：考查细节理解。 43. 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：根据文章第五段的 The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us,可知人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，故选 A。 考点：考查细节理解。 44. 【答案】B 【解析】 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 51 试题分析：根据文章第六段的 Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in a group.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，故选 B。 考点：考查细节理解。 45. 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：根据文章最后一段的 The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. 可知，作者的建议是让 人们在传言之前三思而后行。故选 D。 考点：考查细节理解。 【方法点拨】 这是一篇议论文，题目设置以细节理解题为主。学生可以带着题目回到原文，能够在短文中画出解题 依据是正确解题的关键，各位考生要谨记，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见依据不做题”。理由充分，依据 凿实，这是不仅“知其然”，而且“知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。那么如何能 快速准确回到原文找到依据呢? 1. 关键词定位法。 这里说的关键词并不一定是中心词，而是在理解题干所问之后，在题干中能帮助你迅速回到原文的“特 征词”。如 43 题的信息句是 The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us,可知人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，和选项 A 里面的 a feeling of pleasure 对应。还有 44 题， 题干中的 Professor David Wilson 可以定位到第六段的 Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in a group.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，所以答 案是 B。 2. 自然段定位法。 即命题者往往按照信息点在文中出现的先后来依次命制各个小题，也就是说，各题的答案信息常常在短文 中依次出现，排在后面的小题，文中对应的信息点也在后面。例如，第 1 题往往位于一、二自然段，第 2 题会在第 1 题的答案信息之后且与第一题的位置最接近，第 3 题会在第 2 题的答案信息之后，往往在文中 较为中间的地方，而第 4题则位于文中较后的位置。最后一题(偶尔可能是第一题)一般是主旨题(包括给文 章加标题、归纳写作目的)，这时，可能涉及全文内容。如 41 题，题目问文章的开头的作用，自然定位到 第一段的内容，结合下文可以快速解答。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 52 2015 年高考试题 社会生活、文化教育类 1.【2015·湖北卷】A “I see you’ve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?” “No, it’s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.” As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him. The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移). The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother’s milk, and those who’ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England. Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again. Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements. 51.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 53 A. To protect the tourists from being bitten B. To keep the ponies off the petrol station C. To avoid putting the ponies in danger D. To prevent the ponies from fighting 52.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ______________. A. to feed baby ponies on milk B. to control the number of ponies C. to expand the habitat for ponies D. to sell the ponies at a good price 53.What as the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back? A. He freed it from the trap B. He called a protection officer C. He worried about it very much D. He thought of it as being naughty 54.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies? A. It lacks people’s involvement. B. It costs a large amount of money C. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor. D. It has caused an imbalance of species 51. C 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).”可 知不让游客给马驹喂食是为了避免使马驹处于危险中。故选 C 项。 52. B 细节理解题。根据第四段内容“The purpose of a pony drift is to …Some of them are also…, in order to limit the number of ponies…”可知马驹迁移目的之一是为了控制马驹的数量。故选 B 项。 53. D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“…, assuming he was just rolling for fun,…”可知作者认为小 马驹很淘气，滚着玩的。故选 D 项。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 54 54. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中尾句“Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements.”可知保护马驹是对 Dartmoor 来说是一笔很大的开销。故选 B项。 【考点定位】夹叙夹议文阅读 【名师点睛】夹叙夹议文是近几年高考经常涉及的一类文体，文章一方面叙述事情，另一方面又对事情加 以评论，此类文章一般先提出论点，然后以事例说明论点，最后得出结论，或者一边叙述事情经过，一边 对事情加以分析评论，文章最后一段用一句概括性的话点明主题，将叙述和议论有机地结合起来，其中 “叙”是“议”的基础，“议”是“叙”的渗透和延伸。考生要注意在通读全文的基础上弄清文章结构， 阅读时重点要放在议论部分，因为该部分表达了作者的观点或看法，是文章的精髓。理解了作者的观点和 看法，也就把握了全文的主要内容。本文难度不大，通过作者与小马的“亲密接触”介绍了英国达特穆尔 荒原淘气的矮种马，散发出浓浓的英伦风。 2.【2015·湖北卷】C Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture. In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s. The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 55 surrounding the town. In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum. 59.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______. A. it has a large population B. it is cut off from big cities C. it has many beautiful gardens D. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil 60.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum? A. Building a railway link to Amsterdam B. Helping its textile industry to develop C. Constructing large villas for the poor D. Assisting its agricultural industry 61.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______. A. a radio factory B. the medial capital C. a radio station D. a TV station 62.What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall? A. It consists of approximately 75 buildings B. It looks like an open air museum in the city C. It is a classic example in architecture textbooks D. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 56 61.A 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“The change to a media economy started in 1920, … established a radio factory in Hilversum”可知 Hilversum 传媒业兴起的兴起是以一家无线电厂的建立为标志的。 故选 A 项。 62.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“His master piece… It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks”可知 W. M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall 是建筑 教科书中的一个典范。故选 C 项。 【考点定位】说明文阅读 【名师点睛】说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生 的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展 过程中出现的新生事物等。本文虽短短几段，却囊括了荷兰小镇 Hilversum 的前世今生，把一个不怎么出 名的小城栩栩如生地呈现在中国读者的眼前。 3.【2015·湖北卷】E Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱 惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation. Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t? To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 57 this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters. On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science. 67.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________. A. illustrate where science can be applied B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book C. remind the reader of the importance of science D. explain why many writers use science in their works 68.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book? A. Its strong basis. B. Its convincing points. C. Its clear writing. D. Its memorable characters. 69.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book? A. Contradictory. B. Supportive. C . Cautious. D. Critical. 70.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph? A. Problems with the book. B. Brooks’s life experience. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 58 C. Death of the characters. D. Brooks’s translation skills. 67.D 写作用意题。首段第一、二句首先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多 作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。故选 D 项。 68.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…, his writing is mostly clear and , to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed,… ”可知作者认为写作思路清晰是这本书的一大优势。故选 C 项。 69.D 观点态度题。最后一段中的链接词“while”之前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足。因此作者 对这部书持批判的态度。故选 D 项。 70. A 篇章结构题。文章最后一段中链接词“while”后面部分开始谈论这本书存在的问题。因此紧接着作 者应该还是在写这本的不足。故选 A 项。 【考点定位】议论文阅读 【名师点睛】议论说理类文章具有以下特点：1．一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。作者 一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。然后，分 析利弊，举例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。2．以作者的观点 或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。3．文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活 息息相关的问题等。考生应注意抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。同时，理清作为论 据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，把握文章的结构。 4.【2015·北京卷】D Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes. An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys (调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 59 generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate. However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children. In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents - today’s grandparents - would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier. Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past. Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings. 67. The surveys inform us of ______. A. the development of technology B. the changes of adult children’s behavior C. the parents’ over-protection of their college children D. the means and expenses of students’ communication 68. The writer believes that ______. A. parents today are more protective than those in the past B. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages C. technology explains greater parental involvement with their children D. parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 60 69. What is the best title for the passage? A. Technology or Attitude B. Dependence or Independence C. Family Influence or Social Changes D. College Management or Communication Advancement 70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage? 68.C 观点态度题。第三段作者提出调查的结果并不能理解为现在的家长对孩子不放手，接下来的两段作者 论述了出现这种结果的真正原因是科技的发展使得交流手段更丰富，成本更低廉。见第四段最后一句“Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier。最后一段更是再次强调了这种观 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 61 点。故选 C。 69.A 主旨大意题。由第一段第二句话得出。这种科技的改变容易被误认为态度的改变。第 2-5 段讨论到底 是科技还是态度的改变。第 6 段再次明确表示是科技的改变。故选 A。 70.B 文章结构题。文章第一段是 introduction，第二段是第一个论点，指出父母在子女生活中参与度提高 的现象。第三段是第二个论点(关键词 However)，指出通过调查并不能推断出父母未能对子女放手，分论点 一是科技的进步导致父母对子女生活更多的参与，分论点二(关键词 Furthermore)是子女经济不独立导致父 母对子女生活的过多参与。最后一段总结。故选 B。 【考点定位】议论文类阅读 【名师点睛】 要想读懂议论文、理解作者的写作意图，关键在于是否能够把握议论文的三要素。首先，论 点是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场，找准论点有助于把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内 涵；理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义；论据是作者组织、运用论据的手法。 5.【2015·江苏】D Freedom and Responsibility Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state. But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 62 all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’ s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again. But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime. 65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization. C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power. 66.People believing in freedom are those who________ . A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 63 67.What change in attitude took place in Athens? A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility. B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city. C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government. D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business. 68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Athens would continue to be free. B. Athens would cease to have freedom. C. Freedom would come from responsibility. D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence. 69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison? A. The author is hopeful about freedom. B. The author is cautious about self-government. C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization. D. The author is proud of man’s capacity. 70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom? A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age. B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age. C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility. D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility. 【解析】 试题分析：这是一篇历史文化类说明文。文章讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的形态和缺陷， 以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战。 65. D 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子后半句“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses” 可知 tyrannies 是指拥有绝对统治权的政府。故选 D 项。 66.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律 规定和价值体系下下从事一起活动。故选 C 项。 67.A 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们 的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄。故选 A 项。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 64 68. B句意理解题。根据第五段第三句“If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free”可知唯一的结果就是雅典人 不再享有自由。故选 B 项。 70.D 观点态度题。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论，故选 D 项。 【考点定位】历史文化类说明文阅读 【名师点睛】 英语阅读属于跨文化交际活动,除语言因素外,它还受到中西文化差异的影响。考生既要扎 实书本知识，也要广泛阅读，不断提高自己的知识广度，有意识地多了解文化背景知识，多关注社会热点， 这样才能做到游刃有余。 6.【2015·广东】B When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does? As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼 皮) and the sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.. When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 65 said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters. 31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine? A. He could not catch a fish. B. His father was not patient with him. C. His father did not teach him fishing. D. He could not influence a fish as his father did. 32. What did the author’s father really mean? A. To read about fish. B. To learn fishing by oneself. C. To understand what fish think. D. To study fishing in many ways. 33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________. A. in deep water on sunny days B. in deep water on cloudy days C. in shallow water under sunlight D. in shallow water under waterside trees. 34. After entering the business world, the author found _________. A. it easy to think like a customer B. his father’s fishing advice inspiring C. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable D. it difficult to sell services to poor people 35. This passage most likely comes from _________. A. a fishing guide B. a popular sales book C. a novel on childhood D. a millionaire’s biography 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 66 【解析】 试题分析：本文叙述了作者通过以父亲教授他钓鱼时，要像鱼一样思考，学会钓鱼的道理，告诉大家从事 商业销售时要像消费者一样去思考。 31. A 细节理解题。根据第一段的 But that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset. 可知作者感到难过，是因 为他捉不到一条鱼。故选 A。 32. D推理判断题。根据 The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.“我越了解鱼，我越能有效的找到鱼，抓住鱼”可知此处父亲的意思是要我了解钓鱼的方法，故选 D。 33. D 推理判断题。根据 That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water 可知鱼喜欢在浅水里， 不喜欢在深水里，故排除 AB 两项。根据 water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids（眼皮）and the sun hurts their eyes.可知鱼喜欢呆在阴凉处， 不喜欢呆在阳光直射的地方，故排除 C项。D 项水边树下的浅水处，是鱼喜欢呆的地方，故此处更有可能发 现鱼。故选 D。 【考点定位】 故事类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】本文设计的问题主要是推理判断题。通过贯穿全文的“You need to think like a fish”通 过讲述了钓鱼的方法，介绍了销售的技巧。充分考查了学生的语篇理解能力以及上下文的语境理解能力。 第 35 题，具有引出下文的作用，也充分暗示了本文的主题。 7.【2015·广东】D It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 67 class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification. One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional（地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life. 41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________. A. it is time to end class distinction B. most people belong to middle class C. it is easy to recognize a person’s class D. people regard themselves socially different 42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. variety B. most people belong to middle class C. authority D. qualification 43. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as _________. A. regional B. educated 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 68 C. prejudiced D. unattractive 44. British attitudes towards accent _________. A. have a long tradition B. are based on regional status C. are shared by the Americans D. have changed in recent years 45. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The middle class is expanding B. A person’s accent reflects his class C. Class is a key part of British society D. Each class has unique characteristics. 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文给我们讲述了在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分。作者在短文中给我们介绍了 两项调查，通过调查的结果我们可以看到，英国社会里的阶级划分没有消失，它是英国社会重要的一部分。 41.D 细节理解题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，关于“阶级消亡”的说法，在英国对大众进行了一个调查， 结果发现 90%的人们仍然把自己划分在一定的阶层中；73%的人认为阶级是英国社会一个必不可少的部分。 由此可知人们仍然认为他们在社会中是有区别的，故选 D。 42.B 词义猜测题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，根据一项关于英国社会阶级是否开始消亡的调查可知，绝 大多数人仍然认为英国社会中存在不同的阶级，这是英国社会中重要的一部分。由此可知，英国人好像对 阶级划分非常热衷。stratification 划分，跟 B 选项是同义词，故选 B。 43.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中 However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.可知，美国关于英语口音的调查结果正好和英国的调查结果相反，他们认为一些地方口音是最 吸引人的，而 BBC 的英语是最不吸引人的，故选 D。 44.D 推理判断题。根据短文的最后一段的内容可知，In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents，可见，现在英国人们对待口音的态度 开始改变了。故选 D。 45.C 主旨大意题。这篇短文给我们讲述了在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分。作者在短文中给我们 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 69 介绍了两项调查，其中一项告诉我们大多数人们觉得阶级是英国社会必不可少的一部分；另一项调查是关 于人们说好的口音，英国和美国的调查结果正好相反，也说明了英国阶级划分的根源非常深。由此可知 C 选项：阶级是英国社会中的一个重要部分符合短文的大意。故选 C。 【考点定位】文化类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】这篇短文介绍了英国社会中存在的阶级划分这一现象，通过调查数据，论证这一话题。短文 属于中上难度，主要考查学生的语篇理解的能力，以及词义猜测、推理判断及概括主旨大意的能力。学生 们在平时的英语学习中，要具备对一些说英语国家的文化背景知识，这对他们做题是有好处的。 8.【2015·陕西】D Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic. The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn. Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice." Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant. Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives." 58. The underlined expression "parental involvement " in Paragraph 1 probably means . A. parents' expectation on children's health B. parents' participation in children's education C. parents' control over children's life D. parents' plan for children's future 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 70 59. What is the major finding of Robinson's study ? A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way. B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging. C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected. D. Parents are not able to help with children’s homework. 60. The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should . A. help children realize the importance of schooling B. set a specific life goal for their children C. spend more time improving their own lives D. take a more active part in school management 59.细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子：but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids’ education that leads to declines in their academic performance.可知 Robinson 的研究发 现是父母参与孩子的教育没有预料的那么有效，故选 C。 60.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子：They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.可知美国父母的例子暗示父母应该帮助 孩子意识到学校教育的重要性，故选 A。 【考点定位】教育类阅读理解 【名师点睛】这篇文章内容是学生比较熟悉的而且和他们的生活有密切联系的，主旨大意很好理解。这篇 文章篇幅适中。主要考查的是细节理解题和句意理解题，考生在通读文章的基础上，注意到细节理解不难 找出答案。 9.【2015·四川】C Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers, But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year. Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 71 study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as ＄172,000 a year. The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm. To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at ￡48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”,with psychologist（心理学家）a close second. It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情 感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood. Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends. The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent. 38.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister? A.￡30,000. B.￡142,000. C.￡172,000. D.￡202,000. 39.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from . A. emotional demand B. low pay for work C. heavy workload D. lack of training 40.What is stressed in the last paragraph? A. Mothers’ importance shows in family all year long. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 72 B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile. C. Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated. D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return. 41.What can we conclude from the study? A. Mothers’ working hours should be largely reduced. B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest. C. Mothers’ labour is of a higher value than it is realised. D .Mothers should be freed from housework for social life. 【解析】：这是一篇写在母亲节的文章，在母亲节这一天，每个人都会对母亲做出一些事，比如一束花等 等，但是作者认为，母亲这一职业值得全年的关注，因为它包含太多。 38.B 细节理解题。根据文章的 they would earn as much as＄172,000 a year.以及 This would make their yearly income ￡3000 more than the Prime Minister earns.可知，总理的工资是 172000-30000=142000。 故选择 B。 39.A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的 It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.可知，选择 A。 【考点定位】 考查说明文阅读 【名师点睛】本篇是一篇说明文，说明了母亲这一职业的伟大。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事理。 说明文阅读中要求考生要特别注意一些数字等，如第 38 题。除此之外，还需要抓住关键词、中心词，迅速 在文中进行定位，解决细节题，如 39、40 题。最后，对文章的内容要了解，通常主题在第一段最后出现， 所以考生要善于把握主题。 10.【2015·天津】D Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 73 and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid. Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again. Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize. Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹） — and stopped him cold.” Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds. So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed. 51. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past? A. He faced huge risks. B. He lacked mighty forces. C. Fear prevented him from trying. D. Failure blocked his way to success. 52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part? A. Swallow more than you can digest. B. Act slightly above your abilities. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 74 C. Develop more mysterious powers. D. Learn to make creative decisions. 53. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game? A. His physical strength. B. His basic skill. C. His real fear. D. His spiritual force. 54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5? A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults. B. Trying without success is meaningless. C. Repeated failure creates a better life. D. Boldness can be gained little by little. 55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To encourage people to be courageous. B. To advise people to build up physical power. C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success. D. To recommend people to develop more abilities. 【解析】 试题分析：文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气 和胆量。 51. C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段 It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.可知作者过去没能达成目标是因为他害怕失败。故选 C。 52. B 词句猜测题。根据后句 And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.可以推测出 这里为“行为略高于你的能力”之意。故选 B。 53. D 细节理解题。根据第四段首句中 Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones.可知在于 他的精神力量。选 D。 54. D 段落大意题。根据第五段首句 Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight.可以知道大胆是一点点获得的。故选 D。 55. A 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆 量。故选 A。 【考点定位】议论类短文阅读 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 75 【名师点睛】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的议论文。整体难度中等偏上，考生阅读此文首先需要找出文章的论点， 然后找出作者任何用论据来支撑其论点的。52 题词句猜测题需要联系上下文及前后句来判断，不能从字面 含义判断；54 题需要抓住本段的中心句才能找到段落大意；55 题作者写此文的目的需要从文章整体把握才 可以选择正确答案。 11.【2015·浙江】A From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously. One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. “ The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr Holt, do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it. During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can’t be,” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “ This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is, an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 76 get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book. 41. According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from________. A. reading little and thinking little B. reading often and adventurously C. being made to read too much D. being made to read aloud before others 42. The teacher told his students to read______ . A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams 43. Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that________. A. it sounded stupid B. it was not surprising at all C. it sounded too good to be true D. it was no different from other teachers' talk 44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage? A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading. B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks. C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books. D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school. 45. From the teacher's point of view,_________ . A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 77 42. A 细节理解题 根据第二段作者的话“Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.”“,but I want you to read them only for pleasure.” 意为“现在我要说一些关于阅读的事情，你可能从来没 有听说过一个老师说。我希望你读很多书，但今年，我想让你读书只为乐趣。我不想问你问题，是否理解 文章。如果你足够理解一个喜欢这本书，想去读它，这对我来说已经足够了。我也不想问你单词的意思。” 在这里 enjoyment，enjoy 和 pleasure 是同义词。所以答案选 A 43. C 细节理解题 根据“The children sat stunned and silent. 孩子们震惊和沉默地坐着。”第三段第 四行“seriously, ‘Mr. Holt, do you really mean that?’”不能得出答案。当老师说了这些话之后， 孩子们都很震惊耶，很奇怪，所以他会确定问老师是不是真的这样？这表明学生是很不太相信的。答案选 项的 it sounded too good to be true，意为听起来太好了以致不相信这是真的。 44. C 细节理解题这种题目是判断正误题，答题时一定要细心选择是错误还是正确的。此题选择的是正确的， 也就意味着有 3个是错误，只有一个是正确的。根据第四段最后一句话“She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “她回答说，哦，当然，但我只是跳 过这些部分，继续读下一个好的部分。“可以得出答案是这个女孩知道如何欣赏这些文章。 45. B 细节理解题 四个选项的意思分别是 A 孩子在阅读的时候不能够区别好的部分以及不好的部分；B 应 该留给学生孩子自己去选择，读什么以及如何读；C 在学校阅读永远不会是一个愉快和启发性的体验；D 阅 读需要理解每一部分的信息。其实根据常识可以判断 C 和 D 是错误的，然后再结合全文大意，作者认为孩 子不应该是强迫去读，要让他们自己读，选择材料读。 【考点定位】 这是一篇记叙文。 【名师点睛】 记叙文的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 78 文章中可以找到，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候， 尤其需要细心，比如说 41 题的 CD 选项，两者都用到了 being made to read。其实这种表达也间接说明了 答案就是在两个中选择一个。 12.【2015·浙江】B Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers， percentages, and other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more pages and pages and pages explaining the data . Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title ,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text . Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner, Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures. Bar Graphs A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 79 earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1). Line Graphs A line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead of Bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph – two labeled axes –and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points, This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time. Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2). The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird’s migration. Pie Graphs 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 80 A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole. A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month’s expense, (See Graph 3 ). Food $ 25 Movies $ 12 Clothing $ 36 Savings $ 20 Books $ 7 46. When used in a graph，a legend is_____ A. a guide to the symbols and colors B. an introduction paragraph C. the main idea D. the data 47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ? A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 . 48. The bird covered the longest distance on _____ A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4 49. Which of the following cost Amy most ? A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing. 【解析】 试题分析：这是一篇说明文介绍图表的类型以及相关作用，通过对条形图、线形图和饼形图的介绍，让学 生学会读图，运用英语解决实际问题。 46.A 根据第三段可以得出答案，第三段出现了两次 legend，第一次是在第一行 a legend or key ，第二 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 81 次是在第六行 A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.” 一个图例，也被称为一个关键，是一个指导图中使用的符号和颜色。“ 而且答案直接可以在第六行找到， 与答案选项表述一样 a guide to the symbols and colors。 47.D 根据表述”In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. 在图 1 中，我们看到 X 轴显示学生获得的 等级，Y 轴显示每个等级的学生数。可以看到，6 的学生获得了 A，因为在它延伸到 6 垂直测量。“可以得 出答案。另外其实不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。C 以上就是包含 A，B，C，其中 A为 6， B 为 10，C 为 4，所以答案为 20。 【考点定位】说明文 【名师点睛】初步尝试考查解读图表数据能力，以满足考生进一步学习和社会实践需求。这份阅读虽然文 字内容很多，而且涉及到了不少的专业术语表达。但是由于图已经说明了一切，所以不需要认真的读文章。 但是在读图之前必须要看一看它的一些备注说明，也就是说起点是多少，每一格代表什么，以免出错。另 外这种题目还涉及到一种多学科的能力,比如说文科政治、历史和地理会经常出现一些图表。 13.【2015·浙江】D In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their canine lust. But why , they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.” But we’ll do it. ” Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes , and yes .”I don’t believe you .” We will . We promise. They didn’t . From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day ) , neither thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large) , she calculated ,”The medium one is the sucker in the pack .” Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting I would 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 82 understand — which , strangely , I almost always did . In no time , she became my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television . Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair , I’d balk (不心甘情愿地做) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair , ” I’ d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home . Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital , doing any thing and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained. Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with. As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise. When serious illness visits your household, it's , not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently. Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or ’one marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on. After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow. I'm grateful 一 to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy m’ walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 83 from the moment. 55. why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story? A. She was afraid the dog would get the family, into trouble. B. It would be her business to take care of the dog C. Her husband and daughter were united as one. D. She didn't want to spoil he’ daughter. 56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to "The medium one is “he sucker in the pack.” (Paragraph 3)? A. "The middle-aged person loves me most.” B. ”The medium-sized woman is the hostess.” C. "The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.” D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.” 57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______. A. Misty was quite clever B. Misty could solve math problems C. the writer was a slow learner D. no one walked Misty the first day 58. The story came to its turning point when________. A. Joe died in 2009 B. Joe fell ill in 2007 C. the writer began to walk the dog D. the dog tired to please the writer 59. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital? A. Misty couldn’t live without her B. Her friends didn’t offer any help C. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort. D. She didn't want Misty to ’others companion. 60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage? A. One should learn to enjoy hard times. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 84 B .A disaster can change everything in life. C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead. D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty. 56. D 猜词题，根据这 3 个单词的意思不难知道 small 指的是作者的女儿, medium 指的是作者，一个 woman； and large 指的是作者的丈夫。根据后文他们有了心灵相通不难得出答案小狗认为这个妇女（也就是作者） 是最信任的和最好心的。 57. A 推理题，根据第三段“Misty knew this on day one 它在第一天就知道“和 “she calculated 它 在计算”可以得出答案这只狗是非常聪明的。另外也可以根据意思排除选项 BCD。B. Misty could solve math problems 就算文章中出现了一个计算的词语，但也不能够得出能够解答数学题的结论，而且根据常识也可 以把它排除。C. the writer was a slow learner 这个内容没有提及，D. no one walked Misty the first day 这个选项的答案，也原文“它在第一天就知道了”是不一致的。 58. B 细节理解题，根据第六段第一句话“Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) . 然后，2007 年 1 月 1日，确切地说 是丈夫的医生宣布了丈夫得了白血病”， 说明这一天是一个转折点，所以可以得出答案为 B。 59. C 细节理解题，根据第八段第二行“quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day’s medical drama unfolded 安静，安静的时间来收集我的想法 “ ，所有的这一切都是精神上的 一些安慰，所以答案选择 The walk provided her with spiritual comfort. 这个散步给她带来了心灵的 安慰。 60. C 推理题，根据文章最后一句话 no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.不管现在是多么困难 或者将来是多么的难以预计，总是有一些提取快乐的方法。此题易错选 A，虽然这句话是正确的。但是这篇 文章并不是在说在困难时期享受快乐。 【考点定位】记叙文 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 85 【名师点睛】这种记叙文，一定要理清作者的思路。往往作者经历的事情是一波几折的，最初的想法和最 后的想法是不一样的。比如说最初她不想养这只宠物狗，但是最后就是这一只狗陪伴了她，让她得到了一 些体会。 14.【2015·重庆】B In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics（策略）. One tactic involves where to display the goods. Foe example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food（垃圾食品）later in their trip. In department stores, section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later. Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up. When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the poll through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses. 40. Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section? A. To save customers times. B. To show they are high quality foods. C. To help sell junk food. D. To sell them at discount prices. 41. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 86 A. Opening the store early in the morning. B. Displaying British wines next to French ones. C. Inviting customers to play music. D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread. 42. What is the California builder’s story intended to prove? A. The house structure is a key factor customers consider. B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells. C. An ocean view is much to the customers’ taste. D. A good first impression increases sales. 43. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers. B. To introduces how businesses have grown from the past. C. To report researches on customer behavior. D. To show dishonest business practices. 41.D 推断题。根据第三段提到 Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping ,so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day 可知烤面包的味道能促进购物，因此他们让面包味充满着整个商店，故选 D项。 42.D 推断题。根据最后一段提到 When entering the house,the customer would see the Pacific Ocean throught the windows, and the the pool throught an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant of water on both levels helped sell these $10million houses 当人们进入房间，看到窗外的 太平洋和游泳池时，销售业绩会增长，故选 D 项。 43.A 推断题。本文在解释为什么要水果放要店里的最显眼的位置，目的是促进后面的商业交易，故选 A 项。 【考点定位】社会生活类阅读。 【名师点睛】对于社会生活类阅读，大多数是细节理解或推断题，考生要把握题干的大意，准备的定位， 来找到相关信息。注意文章中的所给的汉语注释，不要由于紧张而对于 while the shop assistant is going 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 87 back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later.这个词意有所忽视从而影响对于文章整体的理解。 15.【2015·重庆】C LakeLander ·2 hours ago Today, a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading, making many passengers upset. I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaperoutloudonthetrain, Ihave never had the courage to do it, though. Pak50 ··· ·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument. The late musician Dennis Brian is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio. When his request was refused, he took out his French horn(号) and started to practice. Angie O’Edema·42 minutes ago I don’t see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public. Don’t do to others what you wouldn’t like to be done to yourself. Once, a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realized this and apologised to me. When his phone rang again later, he left his seat to answer it. You see, a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better. Taodas ·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train, and it turned out well. The guy took it in good part, and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh. Join the discussion… 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 88 Sophie 76 ·13minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train, but ,several years ago, I read some chapters from Harry Porter to my bored and noisy children. Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did. 44. The passenger made an apology to Angie O’Edema because____. A. he offered his seat to someone else B. he spoke very loudly on his phone C. he refused to talk with Angie D. he ignored Angie’s request 45. Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train? A. Pak50 B. Angie O’Edema C. Taodas D. Sophie76 46. What is the discussion mainly about? A. How to react to bad behavior. B. How to kill time on a train. C. How to chat with strangers. D. How to make a phone call. 47. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A. A webpage. B. A newspaper. C. A novel. D. A report. 45.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到 I did read my newpaper out loud on a train 可知 Taodas 曾在 火车大声读报纸，故选 C 项 46.A 主旨大意。本文主要是对别人的不文明行为如何做出反应的一个讨论，故选 A项。 47.A 推断题。本文是篇对于社会现象的讨论，根据出现的讨论的时间，彼此隔开时间不长，可知来自网络， 故选 A 项。 【考点定位】社会现象类阅读。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 89 【名师点睛】本文是由论坛上截取的关于不文明现象的讨论，难度中等，注意题干的提问方式，找到问题 的切入点，很容易得出答案。在第44题中题干中运用made an apology to而文章中运用的是apologised to， 所以注意平时词汇的积累，会让这类的题目更有目标性； 在 47 题中提到文章的来源，根据段落的设计格 式，显示的时间和各自所而对的问题，来推断出来自网络论坛，所以注意扩大阅读的范围，多加运用网络 而不是局限于文体。 16.【2015·重庆】E The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries. History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future. In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries. Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist. 52. According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism? A. It introduces different cultural values. B. It explains the history of artistic works. C. It relates artistic values to local conditions. D. It excites the human mind throughout the world. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 90 53. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ . A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures 54. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____ . A .they are results of scientific study B. they establish some general principles of art C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature 55. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A. Are Artistic Values Universal? B. Are Popular Arts Permanent? C. Is Human Nature Uniform? D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific? 【解析】 试题分析: 本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具 有共同性，并且就此展开说明。 52.C 推断题。根据第一段第一句话可知根据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地的社会经济条件 结合在一块，故选 C 项。 53.A 推断题。根据第二段提到第二行和第三行提到可知不会把莫扎特与日本的音乐进行比较，正如日本的 画作与巴黎的画廊进行比较，艺术作品是没有国界的，故选 A 项。 【考点定位】文化类阅读。 【名师点睛】文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后 以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔 细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。52.53.54 这三道题分别属于第一段第二段和第三段这个递进的原 则，所以定位段落就比较容易而最后一题属于主旨标题，把握整体，提取中心，所以这个阅读理解整体来 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 91 说目标性比较强。 17.【2015·安徽】C As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件 夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)". According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 64. The passage begins with two questions to ______. A. introduce the main topic B. show the author's altitude C. describe how to use the Interne. D. explain how to store information 65. What can we learn about the first experiment? A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. B. The two groups remembered the information equally well. C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. D. The second group did not understand the information. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 92 66. In transactive memory, people ______. A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information 67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A. We are using memory differently. B. We are becoming more intelligent. C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information. 【答案】 64. A 65. C 66. D 67. A 65. C 细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.”可知答案。 66. D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。 67. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing” 可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。 【考点定位】心理类短文阅读 【名师点睛】一般来说，举例的目的是为了引出即将讨论的话题，可以从例子后面找到总结性的话语。 “Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”就是举例的意图。 后三道题都属于细节理解题，可以直接从文章找到提示性的语句；最后一道题有一定的难度，需要进行一 些推理和排除。 18.【2015·安徽】E Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 93 is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country. Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread. Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预 示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it. Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world. 72. According to the passage, sharing bread______. A. indicates a lack of food B. can help to develop unity C. is a custom unique to rural areas D. has its roots in birthday celebrations 73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year? A. Trust. B. Success. C. Health. D. Togetherness. 74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______. A. using examples B. making comparisons C. analyzing causes D. describing processes 75. What is the passage mainly about? A. The custom of sharing food. B. The specific meaning of food. C. The role of food in ceremonies. D. The importance of food in culture. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 94 【答案】 72. B 73. B 74. A 75. D 【解析】 试题分析：文章主要讲的是食物和文化的关系。不同的文化里包含着不同的饮食传统和庆祝方式。食物通 过两种基本的方式在扮演着沟通的角色。 72. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.”可知，分享食物可以促进团结和建立信任。 73. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year...”可知，硬币预示着来年的成功。 74. A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In China, when a baby is one month old...In many cultures, round foods”可知，作者主要使用了举例的方法来解释食物在庆祝中的角色。 75. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions”和第四段“Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate”及最后一段“food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.”可知，文章主要讲的是食物在不同文化 中的作用。 【考点定位】社会类短文阅读 【名师点睛】本篇题目的设置主要考查考生对细节的理解能力和对文章大意的把握。做细节理解题，需要 快速从文章中到找有用的信息。第四题是主旨大意题，考生容易误选 A项，A项太片面，它只是文章前两段 所讲的内容。 19.【2015·湖南】A Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers. ■Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 95 do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others. ——Michael Horan ■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me. The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used. The police do nothing. What a laugh they are! The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them. ——Carol Harvey ■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him. Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim. ——JML Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 96 56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______. A. drivers should be polite to cyclists B. road accidents can actually be avoided C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes 57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______. A. be provided with enough roads B. be asked to ride on their own lanes C. be made to pay less tax for cycling D. be fined for laughing at policemen 58.What is a complaint of JML? A. Very few drivers are insured. B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements. C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights. D. Horse riders disrespect other road users. 59.The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______. A. accidents B. vehicles C. pedestrians D. cyclists 60.The three letters present viewpoints on _______. A. real source of road danger B. ways to improve road facilities C. measures to punish road offences D. increased awareness of road rules 【答案】 56．C 57．B 58．B 59．D 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 97 60．A 57．B;细节理解题。根据第八段的开头：The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets.可知 Carol Harvey 建议骑自行车的人应该在他们应该走的车道去骑。故选 B 58．B;细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第一句话：Cyclists jump on and off pavements(which are meant for pedestrians)，ride at speed along the pavement, and think they have special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red 可知 JML 抱怨骑自行车的人骑的太快，对道路安全产生隐患，故选 B 59．D;细节推理题。最后一段说到：It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be tranced and there might be an opportunity to claim.JML 希望对自行车拥有者登记，当他们撞到行人或者车辆、制 造出车祸的时候，他们能够被追查到，所以 They 在此指的是 cyclists。故选 D 60．A;主旨大意提。根据文章的标题和所有读者的来信不难发现这篇文章主要是围绕到底谁（自行车或者 行人）才是道路安全存在的隐患。故选 A 【考点定位】社会现象类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】本文考查社会现象类短文阅读，要求考生根据作者的细节描述掌握这一社会现象的起因、结 果及影响，然后做题，进行归纳。这篇文章旨在给出了一个议题，让人们给出讨论，意见以及看法，要求 学生能够通过字里行间的细节描写找出人们对这个议题想法，例如第一段的第二句：But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.就给出 Michael Horan 的看法，因此方便了我们做出第 56 题，所以在做 这种文章时一定得抓住表达作者或者他人态度或观点的句子。 20.【2015·湖南】C Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 98 Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags nothing the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust. Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did. One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. "He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight," Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened. 66.What does Paragraph I tell us about the inspection at the light station? A. It was carried out once a year. B. It was often announced in advance. C. It was important for the keeper's fame. D. It was focused on the garage and yard. 67.The family began making preparations immediately after ______. A. one of the members saw the boat B. a warning call reached the lighthouse C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap D. the inspector flew special flags in the distance 68.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______. A. result in some fun 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 99 B. speed up washing them C. make her home look tidy D. be a demand from the inspector 69.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______. A. an empty pan B. many clean dishes C. pieces of baked bread D. a cloth covering something 70.The inspector waved his arms ______. A. to try his best to keep steady B. to show his satisfaction with the floor C. to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother D. to express his intention to continue the inspection 【答案】 66．C 67．A 68．C 69．D 70．A 【解析】 试题分析:本文讲述了如何利用各种方法应对巡视员的突袭。 68．C;细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句话:Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. 可知没有时间在检查之前去洗所有的碗，所以 Mrs.Byrnes 将所有的碗都丢进了烤箱避免被 inspector 发现。故选 C 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 100 69．D;细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第三行：Mrs.Byrnes toss all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth, and stuck them in the oven.可知当 inspector 打开烤箱的时候他只 会看到一块盖着布的某物，故选 D 70．A;细节推理题。根据最后一段倒数第三行：After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn’s mother’s hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.可知 inspector 挥动着他的双 手保持平衡。故选 A 【考点定位】社会生活类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】社会生活类的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，需要的是一个细心。注意事情 发展的先后顺序和发展的情节，理清作者的思路，以此得出答案。有时可以找出原句，有时可能需要理解， 根据前后文推断，进行一个一个选项匹配排除，最终得出最佳答案。 21.【2015·新课标全国 II】C More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起 源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS). That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said. But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 101 29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A. It is flexible in length. B. It is a time for relaxation C. It is increasingly popular D. It is required by universities 30. According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year ____. A. are better prepared for college studies B. know a lot more about their future job C. are more likely to leave university in debt D. have a better chance to enter top universities 31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon? A. He’s puzzled B. He’s worried C. He’s surprised D. He’s annoyed 32. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics? A. Attend additional courses. B. Make plans for the new term C. Earn money for their education D. Prepare for their graduate studies 【答案】 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 【解析】 试题分析：本文提到大学的学费高使得很多大学生在上大学学前就要先去挣钱然后再上大学学习。这样的 好处是让学生更珍惜大学的时光，更成熟有责任感。但是也给人们带来了思考。 29.C 推理判断题。由短文第一段 More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university.可知，过间隔年学生比以前多了，第三段第一句话 That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.可知体验间隔年数量上升了 14.7%，说明越来越受到欢迎， 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 102 因此选 C。 30.A 细节理解题。由人名定位到短文第三段。Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.第三段在说它的优点，有间隔年之后再去上大学，会让人更成 熟有责任感，对大学的学习有帮助。故选 A。 【考点定位】社会社会类短文阅读 【名师点睛】本题以大学生做兼职或专职去挣钱为话题，通过对相关数据的分析可知，大学学生的学费给 他们的学习生活带来了深刻的影响。我们考生应多关注社会生活方面的文章，才能更好地理解文章，解决 相关的问题。 22.【2015·福建】A Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include checsc rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 103 that is not just spicy ,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you! La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd. The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash! 56. In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must . A. wear various formal clothes B. roll a wooden cheese in their own lane C. kick or throw their cheese D. use a real cheese weighing about four kilos 57.Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held? A. In New Mexico. B. In the Caribbean. C. In Australia. D. In China. 58.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts_____ . A. three days B. seven days C. less than three days D. more than seven days 59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine. B.More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. C. Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. D. An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 104 【解析】 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，分别讲述了英国、新墨西哥以及巴西的几个关于食物的传统节日。 56.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.可以知道，四个队伍，穿着滑稽搞笑的服装，在 50 米的路程中卷一个完整的奶酪。以及后面倒数第二句括号里面的内容, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones，这个奶酪是木头的。故选 B 57.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.可以知道这是在新墨西哥发生的事情，从段落中第三句Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival 可以知道人们到新墨西哥是为了参加 Fiery food festival。故选 A 58.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events.可以知道，西红柿大战这个西班牙的节日的持续时间是一周， 故选 B 59.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二个破折号后面的文字 or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.可以知道你可以任意品尝展出的上千种的食物。故选 C 【考点定位】说明文阅读。 【名师点睛】说明文的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在 文章中可以找到，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候， 尤其需要细心，因为很有可能有些选项会有一些迷惑性。需要考生认真判断。 23.【2015·福建】D Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place. This tension between what we feel we can have and "what w r e're seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 105 If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you". So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns? Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges. While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't. That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and doing it now. Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way. 68.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should_. A.slow down and live a simple life B.be careful when we choose to change C.stick to our dreams under any circumstances D.be content with what we already have 69.What is the key to breaking the old patterns? A. To focus on every detail. B. To decide and take immediate action. C. To listen to those close to us. D. To think twice before we act. 70.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph? A. Escape from your punishment B. Realization of your dreams. C. Freedom from your tension. D. Reduction of your expectations. 71.What does the author intend to tell us? A.It's easier than we think to get what we want. B. It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life. C. It's impractical to change our way of thinking. D. It's harder than we expect to follow a new course. 【解析】 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 106 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了在我们想要放弃的时候改变这种模式的一种方法就是重新选择 目标并且迅速作出决定。 68.C细节理解题。文章第一段第三句 Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires 说不管在什么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想、希望和欲望。以及第二段最后一句 If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".如果你放弃了，你的内在 会变得了无生机，因为你放下了你自己。故选 C 69.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句 Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. 可以知道为了打破旧格局需要决定一个新目标并且立刻做出决定。故选 B 【考点定位】说明文阅读。 【名师点睛】说明文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做的，答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索 分析出来，必须一个一个选项进行分析匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。结合上下文中的联系，只要 掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。 24.【2015·福建】E Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins , and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone. Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 107 (Hu) of a fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, !you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let fitness frighten you! If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social! Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation. 72. The first paragraph focuses on . A. the greatest challenge of group exercise B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups 73.The underlined word "upbeat" in the second paragraph probably means " A. cheerful B. average C. serious D. temporal*)' 74. When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary A. to sustain a colorful lifestyle B. to party on weekends with positive people C. to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D. to surround yourself with supportive people 75.What would be the best title for the passage? A. Seeking Support B. Supporting Health 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 108 C. Improving Your Strength D. Building Up Fitness 【解析】 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要是在介绍团体运动的好处。和其他人一起运动可以和他人交流从而获 得支持，也能够得到一些无形的好处。 72.C 细节题。根据文章第一句 Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle 团体运动是一项最有效增加身体健康保持健康生活的的方式， 故选 C 73.A 分析推断题。从划线短语所在句子你可以参加一个 upbeat 的集体健康课，那将会使得你正确的锻炼自 己。前半句 if you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, 是一个 if 引导的条件句，意思是假如你对于在健身房游荡感到心烦并且觉得这很浪费时间。所以这个单词应该是 与浪费时间和让你心烦相反的意思，故选 A 74.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句 Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. 在以健康为目标锻炼的时候和那些你能够给你尊敬和支持的人们在一起是很有益处的，故选 D 75.B 分析推断题。文章的主要内容是在说团体运动的好处，团体运动包含的好处主要是因为大家在一起运 动，不仅生理上会有一些好处，而且团内其他成员会给你支持，教练也会给你们一些信息上的支持，故选 B 【考点定位】说明文阅读。 【名师点睛】说明文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做的，答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索 分析出来，必须一个一个选项进行分析匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。结合上下文中的联系，只要 掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。 25.【2015·新课标全国 I】B The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素 C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 109 The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes. Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it. 24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying. 25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile? A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmer’s market. 26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter? A. They are soft. B. They look nice. C. They taste great. D. They are juicy. 27. What was the author going to that evening? A. Go to a farm. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 110 B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables 【答案】 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 【解析】 试题分析：文章讲述了作者生活在冬天寒冷的纽约，当有一个到佛罗里达州萨拉索塔一个周的机会，作者 在那里体验到完全不同的冬天。 【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读 【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类短文，整体难度中等，难度较大的是 24 和 26 题，学生容易判断错误，需 要通过一定的推理才能判断正确。学生首先要从倒数第二段最后一句判断出作者原来生活在纽约，才可理 解第一段第一句描述的是纽约。第 26 题考生是不能根据作者前面描述的文字判断，真正答案要从后段文字 描述去判断。这就要求考生做此类阅读时要注意前后之间的联系与对比，选择答案时切不可以以偏概全。 26.【2015·上海】A Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 111 the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world. For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard. The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods. If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be. 66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages? A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies. B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow. C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves. D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought. 67. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________. A. snowmen were made mainly by artists 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 112 B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity C. snowmen were politically criticized D. snowmen caused damaging floods 68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________. A. the start of the parade B. the coming of a longer summer C. the passing of the winter D. the success of tradesmen 69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage? A. They were appreciated in history B. They have lost their value C. They were related to movies D. They vary in shape and size 【答案】 66. C 67. B 68. C 69. A 67. B 细节理解题 根据黑体字后面的内容“has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. 已经过去了，不用担心：我了解到一些历史的 雪人现在依然在制造。”这表明担心的是现在没有了这样的东西，换句话说就是现在不再流行，所以答案 就是 B。 68. C 细节理解题 根据“celebrate the beginning of spring …. 庆祝春天的开始”， 可以知道答案 应该是冬天的过去，也就是春天的开始。所以答案是 C。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 113 69. A 推理题根据文章的第一句话 look to many of history’s cultural symbols 回顾许多的历史文化 标志，另外整篇文章出现过很多的 history，结合上下文可以知道答案是 A （雪人在历史上是受欣赏的。） 另外也可以根据排除法，排除其他选项。比如 B 选项，他们的价值现在依然存在，所以它的表达错误。C 选 项，雪人的确是与电影有关，但是这个答案不可以通过文章得出来。D选项在文章中没有提及这个内容。 【考点定位】 这是一篇说明文 【名师点睛】 细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，而且往往答案都是在设 问内容的附近。另外也可以通过排除法，一个一个选项匹配排除，最终得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接 近的时候，尤其需要细心。 27.【2015·上海】C One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.” During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies. The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism. Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 114 contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things. Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss? 73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus? A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honorable. D. Bade 74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________. A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays. 75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V? A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities. B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win. C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management. D. To warn executives against power misuse. 76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized. B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays. C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars. D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field. 77. The best title for the passage is _____. A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 115 B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results 【答案】 73. A 74. B 75 A 76. D 77. D 【解析】 75. A 细节理解题 根据“Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. 相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成为 有能力的领导” 可以知道答案是强调抓住机会的重要性。其中 highlight 强调和 emphasize 是同义词， seizes opportunity 和 catch opportunities 是同义词。 76. D 推理题，纵观全文，本文提到的一个是莎士比亚，以及是 Adelmans 所创立的一个培训商业，这个 培训主要是管理有关，也与领导有关。所以答案是 D Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.（莎士比亚在管理领域也起着重要作用）。 77. D 标题题 四个选项的意思分别是 A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture （莎士比亚戏剧：管理层重新认识企业文化）；B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success （莎士比亚戏剧：成功商业的关键）；C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation（莎士比亚戏剧：商业动机的一节课）；D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results（莎士比亚戏剧：戏剧的训练带来喜剧的结果）。标题题选择的正确答案是简练高度概括， 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 116 而且以文章主题相关，综合这几个因素只有 D 选项才符合，其他选项，要么和主题无关，要么就是扩大了 范围。 【考点定位】 这是一篇论说文 【名师点睛】 这篇文章，相对来说有一定的难度。所用的词不少是专业术语，也或者是专有名词，这给 阅读带来一定的障碍。但是答案多数能够在文章中找到，稍微有一点难的是 77 题主旨大意题，可能会是错 选到其他选项。这主要是没有把握到文章的主旨，题目的设置。74 题答案需要进行转换，不能够直接找到 答案。推理题 76 题也有一定难度。 2014 年高考试题 文化教育类 [2014·福建卷] D Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes. Real riches consist of welldeveloped and hearty capacities(能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped( 淹 没 ) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They_live_in_too_big_a_house_with_too_many_rooms,_yet_their_house_of_life_is_a_hut. Your house of life ought to be a mansion(豪宅), a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have. Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you're hungry. Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go towards making you a rich person, for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library. Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 117 Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, play a bit. Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding. 68．The author intends to tell us that________． A．true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means B．big houses are people's most valued possessions C．big houses can in a sense bring richness of life D．true happiness comes from spiritual riches 69．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that________． A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage 70．It can be learned from the passage that ________． A．more money brings more happiness B．art is needed to make your house beautiful C．literature can enrich your spiritual life D．sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness 71．What would be the best title for the passage? A．House of life B．Secret of wealth C．Rest and refreshment D．Interest and enthusiasm 【要点综述】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文通过分析、分类比较说明了幸福感更多地来源于精神 世界的丰富和充实而非较好的物质条件。 68．D 推理判断题。综合全文，尤其是第二段第一句“Real riches consist of…to enjoy life.”、 第三段以及第四段中的“…feed your spirit on them…”可知 D 项正确。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 118 69．B 推理判断题。综合画线句子所在的第二段可知，绝大多数人的物质家园、生活条件非常好而他 们的精神家园却很贫瘠、空虚。故选择 B 项。 70．C 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，文学可以充实、丰富人的精神生活。故选择 C 项。 71．A 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文是围绕着人们该怎样建设自己的精神家园展开分析、说明的， 故最佳标题应为 A 项。 [2014·江西卷] D Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one's personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person's ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things. All these, however, remain true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forwards by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things. However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”， efficiency_comes_with_a_price. When communication becomes more efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets,_such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off. With efficiency also comes mass production.Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today.Factories and have improved efficiency. Unskilful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handicrafts(手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item. Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analysing progress only from one point of 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 119 view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old. It is people's attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people's attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created. 70. According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to ________． A. live a better life B. look for better methods C. change ways of living D. accept technology and advance steadily 71. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to “________”． A. tools B. messages C. barriers D. skills 72. The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by ________. A. describing a process B. using examples C. following time order D. making classification 73. Compared with homemade handicrafts, machinemade products ________． A. lack great accuracy B. lack the personal touch C. are of high value D. are quite welcome 74. What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4? A. It can destroy old traditions. B. It can lead to social progress. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 120 C. It can be used to correct mistakes. D. It can be used to preserve old products. 75. What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life. B. People review the past with great regret. C. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way. D. People's attitude decides the use of technology. 71. A 词义猜测题。根据后面的例子 mobile phones 和 iPads 可猜出 gadget 指的是交流的工具。 72. B 推理判断题。画线句后作者主要是通过举例来说明一些进步在交流方面带来的不利之处，故选 B项。 73. B 细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products.”可知，机器使得产品缺乏个人接触； 根据第四句“…produced with greater accuracy…”可知 A项错误；根据最后一句“…the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality…”可知 C、D 错误。 74. D 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“New technology is required for old products to stay old.”可知，新技术应该能用于保存旧的产品。 75. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is people's attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society…There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people's attitude.”可知，人们的态度决定技术的使用，故选 D项。 [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] D As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6，000～7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)． In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 121 National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that_tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal. Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record. At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now, through the two organizations that he has founded —the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. 32. Many scholars are making efforts to ________． A. promote global languages B. rescue disappearing languages C. search for language communities D. set up language research organizations 33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Having full records of the languages. B. Writing books on language teaching. C. Telling stories about language users. D. Living with the native speakers. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 122 34. What is Turin's book based on? A. The cultural studies in India. B. The documents available at Yale. C. His language research in Bhutan. D. His personal experience in Nepal. 35. Which of the following best describes Turin's work? A. Write, sell and donate. B. Record, repair and reward. C. Collect, protect and reconnect. D. Design, experiment and report. 32. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In an effort to prevent language loss…”可知，许多学者 正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，以挽救这些语言和文化。故选 B。 33. A 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.”可知 Mark Turin 对这些语言做的是全面的记录。故选 A。 34. D 推理判断题。根据第三段的“His recently published book, A Grammer of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知，他的书是根据他在尼泊尔一个村庄的生 活经历写的。故选 D。 35. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“…generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.”和“…Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.”可知，Turin 的作品是从最初的材料上进行的收集，且其作品使濒临危险的语 言得到了保护，并且与使用某种语言的社区重新连接。故选 C。 [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] C 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 123 One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn, for example, has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4，000 since 2004. And that's true all across the country. “I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age，” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2yearold son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.” After only six months of being cared for by a 25yearold woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: she didn't want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接 触) the language and culture，” she says. “Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children.“But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.” The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years. 29. What does the term “au pair” in the text mean? A. A mother raising her children on her own. B. A child learning a foreign language at home. C. A professor in language education of children. D. A young foreign women taking care of children. 30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ________． A. to live in China some day B. to speak the language at home C. to catch up with other children D. to learn about the Chinese culture 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 124 31. What can we infer from the text? A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America. B. Educated women do better in looking after children. C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills. D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months. 【要点综述】 本文介绍了美国出现的一个新的趋势：为孩子找一个中国保姆，这可以让孩子从小接触 中文，了解中国文化。 29. D 推理判断题。 根据第二段 Joseph 请了一位 25 岁的女士照顾他两岁的儿子以便儿子学习汉语， 以及第三段一位生于中国的母亲让自己的两个孩子接触汉语和中国文化，和第四段一位语言教育学教授提 到“通过和说母语的人在一起来学习语言比在教室里学习好”等信息可知，au pair 指的是负责照顾孩子的 外国女子。 30. D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture，’she says.”可知她这样做的目的是让孩子们 了解中国的文化。 31. A 推理判断题。本文通过列举一些具体的例子，说明了美国的父母们正在兴起“au pairs 热”， 即通过请说汉语的中国保姆来照顾自己的孩子，让孩子们学习汉语， 这说明在美国，汉语正在日益受到欢 迎，因此选 A。 [2014·山东卷] E The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a US group called One Laptop Per Child. The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analysing the project data say they're already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten，” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia programme. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 125 The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8yearold Kelbesa Negusse. The device's camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia. With his tablet, Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn't know any English. That's unbelievable，” said Keller. The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”， where they can read to learn. It won't be in Amharic, Ethiopia's first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs. 62．How does the Ethiopia programme benefit the kids in the village? A．It trains teachers for them. B．It contributes to their selfstudy. C．It helps raise their living standards. D．It provides funds for building schools. 63．What can we infer from Keller's words in Paragraph 3? A．They need more time to analyse data. B．More children are needed for the research. C．He is confident about the future of the project. D．The research should be carried out in kindergartens. 64．It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could ________. A．learn English words quickly B．draw pictures of animals C．write letters to researchers D．make phone calls to his friends 65．What is the aim of the project? A．To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs. B．To make Amharic widely used in the world. C．To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English. D．To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 126 【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在埃塞俄比亚启动了一项工程，让孩子们通过平板电脑 自学英语。这项工程的目的是帮助埃塞俄比亚的孩子们通过现代技术学习英语。 62．B 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知这项计划的目的是想看看他们的自学能力。故选 B。 63．C 推理判断题。根据第三段 Matt Keller 说的“我认为已经发生的是孩子们学习到的要比在幼儿 园一年中学习到的多”可知他对这个计划很有信心。故选 C。 64．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知 Keller 对 Kelbesa 学习英语单词这么快感到很吃 惊。故选 A。 65．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知这项工程的目的是帮助埃塞俄比亚的孩子们通过现代技术学习 英语。 [2014·陕西卷] D One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my son's school being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11yearold had stomach pains, retching(干呕)into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficult sleeping the night before. What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highlycompetitive independent school, but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day causes no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is nightmare(噩梦). Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster. Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or it's taking part, not winning, that's important; or that it is a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain. Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting—and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone's eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side. I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other lesscompetitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 127 for the children and a lot more fun to watch. 57. What can we learn about the author's son from Paragraph 1? A. He talked with some mothers. B. He comforted his classmates. C. He had difficulty in sleeping. D. He suffered from stomachache. 58. Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because ________． A. this is an independent school B. it is a tradition of the school C. it helps children lose weight D. children enjoy watching sports 59. What does the author think about team games? A. They should include more stressful races. B. They are acceptable to different children. C. They should be abandoned at primary schools. D. They are less fun for those who love running. 60. What is the author's attitude towards sports day? A. Critical. B. Neutral. C. Positive. D. Ambiguous. [2014·浙江卷] A Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策 略)．There are lessons in that timehonoured coinsavings container. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 128 Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps.If you wished to climb a 12，000foot mountain，and could do it a day at a time，you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year.If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion， to collect the $15，000 cost，you have to save $3.93 a day.If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1，434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate aftertax，you will have your trip money. When I was a child，my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that，if I wanted something， I should save money to buy it.We associate piggy banks with children，but in many countries， the little containers are also popular with adults.Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.Around the world，many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year's Day brings good luck and financial success.Ah，yes，but you have to put something in it. Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving？Why not an elephant bank，which is bigger and holds more coins？In the Middle Ages，before modern banking and credit instruments，people saved money at home，a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish.Potters (制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orangecoloured clay(黏土) called “pygg”， and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was “pigge”．While the Saxons pronounced pygg，referring to the clay，as “pug”，eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation，sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy.As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal，a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig，delighting children and adults.The piggy bank was born. Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money，bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving，adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money—college education，weddings，cars，medical care，starting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff like great trips.So when you have money，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wisely. 41．What is the piggy bank strategy? A．Paying 1% income tax at a time. B．Setting a goal before making a travel plan. C．Aiming high even when doing small things. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 129 D．Putting aside a little money regularly for future use. 42．Why did the writer's parents give him a piggy bank as a gift? A．To delight him with the latest fashion. B．To encourage him to climb mountains. C．To help him form the habit of saving. D．To teach him English pronunciation. 43．What does the underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3) most probably refer to? A．Money. B．Gifts. C．Financial success. D．Good luck. 44．The piggy bank originally was ________. A．a potter's instrument B．a cheap clay container C．an animalshaped dish D．a piglike toy for children 45．The last paragraph talks about ________. A．the seriousness of educating children B．the enjoyment of taking a great trip C．the importance of managing money D．the difficulty of starting a business 【要点综述】 财富的积累靠点滴。在文章中，作者提到了储蓄罐策略：设定一个长远的目标，但要点 滴地逐渐去实现它。 41. D 推理判断题。从文章第一段的 saving a dollar at a time 和第二段的 to baby steps，to collect the $15，000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day 等细节中我们可以推断，储蓄罐策略就是要把大目标 化小，积少成多。故选 D 项。 42. C 细节理解题。从文章第三段的“…if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it.” 可知，作者父母给作者一个储蓄罐的目的是让他能够养成储蓄的习惯。故选 C 项。 43. A 词义指代题。从第三段的“…brings good luck and financial success. Ah, yes, but you have to put something in it.”知，此处的 it 是指代上文提到的储蓄罐，而要想有足够的资金，就必须 要往储蓄罐中存钱，由此推断 something 指代 money。故选 A项。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 130 44. B 细节理解题。从第四段的“Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orangecoloured clay (黏土)called ‘pygg’…”可以知道，储蓄罐最初来源于古代陶工做的廉价的陶 土容器。故选 B 项。 45. C 段落大意题。最后一段的“Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.”是本段的主题句，主要讲述了管理钱财的重要性， 要认真严肃地对待。故选 C 项。 社会生活类 [2014·安徽卷] C You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible(有形的) things such as cats, photos and many toys. These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”—the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent. Some of the collections are fairly common—records, model houses. Others are strangely beautiful—branches that have fallen from trees, for example. But they all reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are. Others on the way include“The Museum of Collectors”and “The Museum of Me”. These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of”. The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect. Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence—“it's a growingup things; you stop when you grow up，” says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial(顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting. 64．How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums? A．By collecting more tangible things. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 131 B．By showing what ordinary people have collected. C．By correcting what museums normally represent. D．By accumulating 40 collections two years from now. 65．What can be learned about collectors from their collections? A．Who they are. B．How old they are. C．Where they were born. D．Why they might not mean to collect. 66．Which of the following is an aim of the new museums? A．To help people sell their collections. B．To encourage more people to collect. C．To study the significance of collecting. D．To find out why people visit museums. 67．According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they ________． A．become adults B．feel happy with life C．are ready for a relationship D．feel time to be uncontrollable 【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。每个人都是人生艺术走廊的收藏者。未来两年，The Museum Of 将 举办 40 多场无名收藏者的收藏展。 64. B 细节理解题。第二段最后一句中的 doing so 指代的是上句的“…over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors.”故选 B。 65. A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知选 A。 66. C 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知选 C。 67. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段首句可知选 A。 [2014·安徽卷] D Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 132 preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic(经济的) reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保 守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 68．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A．Some of them are not attractive. B．Most of them are too expensive to preserve. C．They are more pleasing than modern buildings. D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 69．Which of the following is TRUE according to the author? A．We should reproduce the same old buildings. B．Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. C．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. D．No one understands why people speak against new buildings. 70．By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “________”． A．destroy old buildings 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 133 B．put things in a different place C．choose new architectural style D．respect people's feelings for historical buildings 71．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain why people dislike change. B．To warn that we could end up living in caves. C．To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. D．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. 70. C 词义猜测题。move things forward 意为“将事情向前推进”。接下来的两句对此进行了阐释： 作者宁愿冒险选择一些新的建筑风格而不愿复制以前的建筑风格。故 C 项正确。 71. D 写作意图题。本文为议论文，作者就热门话题——古建筑保护与新建筑的建设是否矛盾发表了 自己的看法。作者在第二段提出自己的观点“In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.” 接下来就此进行了论证。故选 D。 [2014·安徽卷] E You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association，founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(贫困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising“changemakers” seeking to solve(解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker. Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 134 started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there. When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把……制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers(化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14，000. Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development. 72．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Changemakers B．Businessmen C．Social conditions D．Rubbish problems 73．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “________”． A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and Iftekhar C．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in Dhaka 74．It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he________． A．considers Drayton's concept B．gets permission from Ashoka C．tries to improve social conditions D．is a young, happy and healthy adult 75．The author's attitude towards Ashoka's programme can be described as “________”． A．changing B．forgiving C．cautious D．positive 【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Bill Drayton 创办的名叫“阿育王”的扶贫济困机构。 72. A 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是 Ashoka 这个扶贫济困机构，该机构旨在让每一个公民都成为 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 135 changemaker。第一段两次出现 changemaker，第二段首句为主题句。故选 A。 73. D 代词指代题。 根据第三段“At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them…”中有三个人称代词，前两个为 they，均指代 Masqsood and Iftekhar。故画线的 them 指代上文的 the poor people in the city。故选 D。 74. C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.”可推知尽力改善社会环境的任何人都可 以成为 changemaker。 75. D 观点态度题。文章对 Ashoka's programme—changemakers 自始至终充满着赞赏之词，显然作 者对此是持积极态度的。故选 D。 [2014·北京卷] D Store scent(香味) What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed(展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music? But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no.But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase. A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers' intention to purchase increased by 80 per cent. When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris, scent is just as important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be. Some years ago, the focus for bread name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving attitude and don'ttouchwhatyoucan'tafford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (ecommerce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while eshops can use sights and sounds, only bricksandmortar stores(实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 136 be much more than a shop, but rather a destination．And scent is just one way to achieve this. Now, a famous store uses complex manmade smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut(椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books，pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent. 67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores? A. Friendly assistants. B. Unique scents. C. Soft background music. D. Attractive window display. 68. Eshops are mentioned in the passage to ________． A. show the advantages of bricksandmortar stores B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude C. push stores to use sights and sounds D. introduce the rise of ecommerce 69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means ________． A. a platform that exhibits goods B. a spot where travellers like to stay C. a place where customers love to go D. a target that a store expects to meet 70. The main purpose of the passage is to ________． A. compare and evaluate B. examine and assess C. argue and discuss D. inform and explain 【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了香味对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求 的刺激，并根据商品的不同而调节香味。 67. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“And it is proving to be an increasing powerful tool in 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 137 encouraging people to purchase.”可知，此句中的 it 指的是前面的 scent，故选 B。 68. A 推理判断题。根据第五段中“But while eshops…only bricksandmortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience…”可知作者的倾向非常明显，认为实体店能提供完整的购物体验，即强调 传统实体店的优势。故选 A。 69. C 词义猜测题。destination 的本意是“目的地”，与上文提到的 shop 场地相通，但意义迥异， 不仅是购物的地方，更多的是一种购物的完整体验，有视觉、听觉和味觉的多重享受。这里的意义是针对 消费者而言的，而不是商店或商家。A、D选项都是针对商家的，而 B项跟文章没有关系。故选 C。 [2014·福建卷] E As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind farms; yet they never take “direct action”， even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies(财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favourable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民)． Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbonbased power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for noncarbon energy generation. Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say. We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 138 Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention. The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs. 72．We can learn from the first paragraph that________． A．energy policy catches much attention of the public B．the residents are in favour of the expansion of wind farms C．many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies D．the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents 73．Supporters think that the expansion of wind power ________． A．is more rapid than that of carbonbased power B．guarantees an increase in energy output C．is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power D．agrees with EU targets for noncarbon energy generation 74．It can be inferred from the passage that________． A．an official report will settle the energy problem B．the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms C．the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation D．political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts 75．Which of the following reflects the author's opinion? A．Increase political impact on energy policy. B．Release a statement of supporters on wind farms. C．Let the nation judge the facts about wind power. D．Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions. 【要点综述】 本文是一篇社会生活类文章。文章介绍了人们特别关心能源政策，尤其是风力发电站引 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 139 起了多方的关注和不同观点的探讨。 72．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“…few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.”可知能源政策引起了公众更多的注意，因此 A项正确。 73．D 细节理解题。第二段主要列举了支持者和反对者的观点。支持者认为风能一定是可再生能源， 也是核能和碳能混合体的一部分，国家一直致力于满足欧盟的非碳能源生产的目标。因此 D 项正确。 74．B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知 B 项正确。 75．C 推理判断题。根据第四段，尤其是其中的“…and let the country be the judge.”可知 C 项正确。 [2014·湖北卷] E For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevator's role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地), and elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns. If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we're hanging from a cable in a long passage. In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it，” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 140 ourselves in as we go about our lives. Today, as the world's urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America's total number of elevators—900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine's “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that's becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are. 67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. The general view of elevators. B. The particular interests of experts. C. The desire for a remarkable machine. D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles. 68. The author's purpose in mentioning cars is ________． A. to contrast their functions with elevators' B. to emphasize the importance of elevators C. to reveal their secret war against elevators D. to explain people's preference for elevators 69. According to Prof Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences? A. Vertical direction. B. Lack of excitement. C. Little physical space. D. Uncomfortable conditions. 70. The author urges readers to consider ________． A. the exact number of elevator lovers B. the serious future situation of elevators C. the role of elevators in city development D. the relationship between cars and elevators 【要点概述】 本文是一篇议论文。文章告诉我们，电梯在美国人的生活中是非常重要的，它使人们向 垂直方向发展。随着城市规模的扩大，电梯的使用越来越多，人们要更加关注电梯的作用。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 141 67. A 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles.”可知，大部分人都认为电梯是不值得关注的机器，而 Dr Christopher Wilk 认为这是一 种错误的想法，他认为电梯和汽车几乎同样重要。故 this 是指大众对于电梯的错误的看法，所以 A 项正确。 68. B 推理判断题。作者在第一段中提到汽车，提到了它的作用“…with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地)…”，然后提到电梯的作用“…elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.”，其目的是用汽车的作用说 明电梯的作用及它的重要性。 所以 B项正确。 69. C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“…that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience.”以及“‘We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.’”可知人们乘坐电梯的时候感觉是拥挤的、不愉快的，而这主要是因为电 梯里的空间太小，给人压抑感。所以 C 项正确。 [2014·湖南卷] C The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 per cent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zerocarbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too. The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency( 效率 )， which instead focus on architectural and technological developments. “Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，” explains Katy Janda, 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 142 a UKERC senior researcher，“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”In other words，old habits die hard, even in the bestdesigned ecohome. Another part of the problem is information. Households and billpayers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energyuse habits. Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback(反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 per cent energy savings using smart meters. Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器), for example. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them. 66. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________． A. zerocarbon homes B. the behaviour of building users C. sustainable building design D. the reduction of carbon emissions 67. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“________”． A. the ways B. their homes C. developments D. existing efforts 68. What are Katy Janda's words mainly about? A. The importance of changing building users' habits. B. The necessity of making a careful building design. C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users. D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency. 69. The information gap in energy use ________． 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 143 A. can be bridged by feedback facilities B. affects the study on energy monitors C. brings about problems for smart meters D. will be caused by building users' old habits 70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest? A. The social science research is to be furthered. B. The education programme is under discussion. C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable. D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar. 【要点综述】 英国能源研究中心新的研究表明加强对人们的教育对于减少二氧化碳的排放是非常重要 的。 66. B 细节理解题。文章第一句就提到了在能源使用方面，房子使用者的行为至少和设计一样重要， 因此英国能源研究中心新的研究强调的是房子使用者的行为。 67. D 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知这里 which 指代的就是 existing efforts。 68. A 推理判断题。文章第三段 Katy 的话强调的是房子使用者的消耗习惯所起的重要作用，因此 A 项正确。 69. A 细节理解题。文章第四段的“Feedback(反馈) facilities…could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use…”说明设施的反馈可以弥补信息差的局限性，因此 A 是正确答案。 70. C 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到房子使用者的行为是不可预测的。 [2014·江苏卷] B However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else. Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities. Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 144 a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends？This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost. For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make betterinformed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all：there's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities. Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time. In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money”．People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage：“value for time”. The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions. 58．According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________． A．making more money B．taking more opportunities C．reducing missed opportunities D．weighing the choice of opportunities 59．The “leftover…time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________． A．spared for watching the match at home B．taken to have dinner with friends C．spent on the way to and from the match 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 145 D．saved from not going to watch the match 60．What are forgone opportunities? A．Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking. B．Opportunities you give up for better ones. C．Opportunities you miss accidentally. D．Opportunities you make up for. 【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。在我们的生活中，无论是对金钱还是时间而言，我们都需要一直寻 找更好的机会。本文从经济学的角度诠释了这些概念。 58．D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.”可知机会成本，简单指某人的时间或者金钱是否可以被更好地用在其他方面，即权 衡机会的选择，故 D 项正确。 [2014·江西卷] C Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingertips. With existing medical knowledge and skills, two thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not. ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC8 aircraft, there is a fullyequipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 146 promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries. ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during threeweek medical programmes. ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programmes in China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China, ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a longterm plan to develop a training centre and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness. For just US$38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1， 300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13，000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves. 65. The first paragraph is intended to ________． A. introduce a new way of reading B. advise the public to lead a simple life C. direct the public's attention to the blind D. encourage the public to use imagination 66. What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world? A. They are adequate. B. They have not been updated. C. They are not equally distributed. D. They have benefited most of the blind. 67. ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________． A. teaching medical students B. training doctors and nurses C. running flying hospitals globally D. setting up nonprofit organizations 68. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 147 A. Appeal for donations. B. Make an advertisement. C. Promote training programmes. D. Show sympathy for the blind. 69. What can be the best title for the passage? A. ORBIS in China B. Fighting blindness C. ORBIS flying hospital D. Sightsaving techniques 【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名叫 ORBIS 的专门培训为盲人治眼的医生和护 士的组织。 65. C 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingertips.”可知，第一段的主要目的是吸引公众对盲人的关注。 66．C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.”可知，现存的医疗知识和技能在世界的分布是不均的。 67.B 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there.”以及第四段第二句“ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses…”可知，ORBIS 的目的是通过培训医生和护士来帮助盲人。 68. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是倒数第二句“Your money can open their eyes to the world.”可知，作者的目的是呼吁捐款。 69. C 主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文主要介绍了 ORBIS 飞行医院项目。故选 C项。 [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] C A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 148 How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become…take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. 28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair? A. To trick the lion. B. To show off his skills. C. To get ready for a fight. D. To entertain the audience. 29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair? A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things. C. They find it hard to make changes. D. They have to do something for show. 30. What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Supportive. 31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， you're advised to ________． A. wait for a better chance B. break your old habits 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 149 C. make a quick decision D. ask for clear guidance 【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文。本文作者利用驯兽师对待狮子的例子说明了人们在面临多种选择感 到困惑时该如何做。当我们面对多种选择时，我们常常不知该选哪一种，因此进展较少，或保持原样。实 际上，我们应该专注于一件事，然后下决心做下去。 28. A 细节理解题。根据首段中的“When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.”可知，当驯兽师拿着椅 子在狮子面前时，狮子会关注椅子的四条腿，故可知椅子用是用来戏耍狮子的。故选 A。 29. A 推理判断题。根据首段中的“With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.”可知，当关注的东西很分散时，狮子开始变得困惑，人们与狮子相似， 在面临很多选择时也会感到困惑，不知道该怎么做。故选 A。 30. B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best…”可知，专家们正忙于讨论哪一种选择是最好的，这 令作者苦恼，由此推断作者对专家的态度是怀疑的。故选 B。 31. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started.”可知， 当世界在你面前挥舞着一把椅子时，你要集中精力做一件事。故选 C。 [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] B Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” towards the environment.“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA. But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day. According to US government reports, emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 150 the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programmes; today in 1995 there are about 6，600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of programme.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson. 25. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________． A. the social movement B. recycling techniques C. environmental problems D. the importance of Earth Day 26. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A. The grassroots level. B. The business circle. C. Government officials. D. University professors. 27. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B. They have settled their environmental problems. C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures. 28. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A. Education. B. Planning. C. Green living. D. CO reduction. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 151 26. A 信息理解题。第二段第二句“Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.”强调了 这项运动的主要支持者是那些美国的基层民众，因此答案为 A。 27. D 细节理解题。根据文章的第三段第一句可知汽车和卡车的排放量从 10，300，000 吨降到了 5， 500，000 吨，故 A项错误；根据第三段第二句可知一氧化碳排放超标的城市的数量从 40 个降到了 9 个，故 C项错误；根据第三段第三句可知环境问题依然存在，有待解决，故 B 项错误；本段列举的数据证明了美国 人采取了有效措施，减少了环境污染，因此答案为 D。 28. A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of programme.”可知，现在几乎每个学校都有环境保护方 面的教育内容，这说明教育在环境保护方面起了重要的作用。故 A 正确。 [2014·四川卷] D With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡 衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting(警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep. This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 per cent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 per cent can be classified as “early birds”—the other 70 per cent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 152 43. What does the author stress in Paragraph 1? A. Many students are absent from class. B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings. C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays. 44. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2? A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. B. Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems. C. One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently. D. Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern. 45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified”？ A. Criticized. B. Grouped. C. Organized. D. Named. 46. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Functions of the body clock. B. The “night owl” phenomenon. C. Human beings' sleep behaviour. D. The school schedule of “early birds”． 【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。文章开头以学生星期一早上上课时很多学生难以将他们的睡眠周期 调整到正常模式为例，解释了“night owl”这一睡眠周期现象。 43. C 推理判断题。文章开头通过举例说明了星期一早上上课时很多学生难以调整他们的睡眠模式。 又根据首段的主旨句“Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.”可知答案为 C。 44. D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“…the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents…”可知优选的睡眠周期在青少年身上被推迟了，又根据第三段第一句“This is opposed to the‘early bird’schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.”可知，这种“night owl”现象是一种紊乱现象，并不是较优的睡眠周期，故选 D。 45. B 词义猜测题。根据此句语境可知，调查结果表明大约 20%的人可归类为“猫头鹰型”，只有 10% 的人可以归为“早起型”。此处 classify 意为“归类，分类”。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 153 46. B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要解释了“night owl”这一睡眠周期现象。 [2014·天津卷] A A guide to the university Food The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study. If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching. Relaxation The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays. Health Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30 pm. Academic support All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door two 30minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free. Transportation The TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 am and 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 154 3 pm, Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1. 36. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria? A. Do homework and watch TV. B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts. C. Have meals and meet with friends. D. Add money to your ID and play chess. 37. Where and when can you cook your own food? A. The Globe, Friday. B. The Lower Café， Sunday. C. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday. D. The McMillan Hall, Sunday. 38. The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________． A. is open six days a week B. offers services free of charge C. trains students in medical care D. gives advice on mental health 39. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre? A. By applying online. B. By calling the centre. C. By filling in a signup form. D. By going to the centre directly. 40. What is the function of TWU Express? A. To carry students to the lecture halls. B. To provide students with campus tours C. To take students to the Mattson Centre. D. To transport students to and from the stores. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 155 37. A 细节理解题。根据题干中的 cook your own food，可知它与第二个栏目 Relaxation 中的 cooking 对应，这是发生在 the Globe，且时间是周一到周六的早上 10 点到晚上 10 点，由此可知 A 正确。 38. D 细节理解题。根据题干中的 the Wellness Centre，可知此题涉及的是 Health 部分。根据第一 句中的“…is committed to physical, emotional and social health.”可知 D 项正确。 39. C 细节理解题。根据题干中的 the Writing Centre，可知此题涉及的是 Academic Support 部分。 根据倒数第二句中的“You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door…” 可知，申请时只要填写报名表格就行了，可知 C 项正确。 40. D 细节理解题。根据题干中的 TWU Expression 可知此题涉及的是 Transportation 部分。根据第 二句“The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre…”可知 TWU Express 的功能是在商店和商店之间运送学生，可知 D 项正确。 [2014·天津卷] C “Dad，” I say one day，“let's take a trip. Why don't you fly out and meet me？” My father had just retired after 27 years as a manager for IBM. His job filled his day, his thoughts, his life. While he woke up and took a warm shower, I screamed under a freezing waterfall in Peru. While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch, I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks. My father sees me drifting aimlessly, nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps. He wants me to settle down, but now I want him to find an adventure. He agrees to travel with me through the national parks. We meet four weeks later in Rapid City. “What's our first stop？” asks my father. “What time is it？” “Still don't have a watch？” Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore. As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 156 granite(花岗岩), his mouth and eyes open slowly, like those of a little boy. “Unbelievable，” he says. “How was this done？” A film in the information centre shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son. We stare up and I ask myself, “Would I ever devote my life to anything？” No directions，no goals. I always used to hear those words in my father's voice. Now I hear them in my own. The next day we're at Yellowstone National Park, where we have a picnic. “Did you ever travel with your dad？” I ask. “Only once，” he says. “I never spoke much with my father. We loved each other—but never said it. Whatever he could give me, he gave.” That_last_sentence—it's_probably_the_same_thing_I'd_say_about_my_father._And_what_I'd_w ant_my_child_to_say_about_me. In Glacier National Park, my father says, “I've never seen water so blue.” I have, in several places of the world, I can keep travelling, I realize—and maybe a regular job won't be as dull as I feared. Weeks after our trip, I call my father. “The photos from the trip are wonderful，” he says.“We've got to take another trip like that sometime.” I tell him I've decided to settle down, and I'm wearing a watch. 46. We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father ________. A. followed the fashion B. got bored with his job C. was unhappy with the author's lifestyle D. liked the author's collection of stamps 47. What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore? A. His father is interested in sculpture. B. His father is as innocent as a little boy. C. He should learn sculpture in the future. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 157 D. He should pursue a specific aim in life. 48. From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the author ________． A. wants his children to learn from their grandfather B. comes to understand what parental love means C. learns how to communicate with his father D. hopes to give whatever he can to his father 49. What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story? A. The call solves their disagreements. B. The Swiss watch has drawn them closer. C. They decide to learn photography together. D. They begin to change their attitudes to life. 50. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Love nature, love life B. A son lost in adventure C. A journey with dad D. The art of travel 47. D 推理判断题。根据题干中提到 at Mount Rushmore 可知此题涉及的是文章中间部分。根据文章 中的“‘Would I ever devote my life to anything？’”可知作者了解到这位雕刻家用了 14 年的 时间来雕刻这些总统的塑像，由此作者开始认真地思考自己的人生，可知 D 项正确。 48. B 推理判断题。根据画线句子前我与父亲的对话使作者突然意识到作者与自己的孩子们也是这样 的关系，因此作者突然明白了父母的爱意味着什么了。故 B 项正确。 49. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后的结尾，父亲说：“我们再去旅游吧。”而我告诉他“我已经决定 安定下来。”可知旅游过后，父子二人对生活的态度发生了很大的变化。故 D 项正确。 50. C 主旨大意题。总览全文，可知作者叙述了一次与父亲的旅游经历，而在这次旅游中，父子二人 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 158 的生活发生了根本的变化。C项中的关键词 journey 与 dad 简练完整地将文章的主题归纳了出来。 [2014·天津卷] D People aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it. I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis. It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty. Such enterprises today are regarded by many middleaged persons as bad for the heart. But a wellknown British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all. It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car. The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green. I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting. 51. What is the national sickness? A. Walking too much. B. Travelling too much. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 159 C. Driving cars too much. D. Climbing stairs too much. 52. What was life like when the author was young? A. People usually went around on foot. B. People often walked 25 miles a day. C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty. D. People considered a tenhour walk as a hardship. 53. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that________. A. middleaged people like getting back to nature B. walking in nature helps enrich one's mind C. people need regular exercise to keep fit D. going on foot prevents heart disease 54. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6? A. A queue of cars. B. A ray of traffic light. C. A flash of lightning. D. A stream of people. 55. What is the author's intention of writing this passage? A. To tell people to reflect more on life. B. To recommend people to give up driving. C. To advise people to do outdoor activities. D. To encourage people to return to walking. 【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文。作者认为全国的人们都患了一种病 motorosis，即人们过多地使用 汽车，而不走路。作者把现在的自己和年轻时的自己走路做了对比，同时又用专家的观点来证明自己的观 点以此鼓励人们要回归走路。 51. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的最后一句中的a national sickness: motorosis以及前文的 “The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car.”可知作者提到的全国通病就是人们开车太多 了。可知 C 项正确。 52. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容，作者年轻时靠自己的双腿去某个地方，一天走 25 英里路， 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 160 从没感觉走路是一种痛苦。由此可知，作者年轻时人们通常靠自己的双脚到处走动。可知 A 项正确。 [2014·浙江卷] B Here is some mustknow information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries. In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible，with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe, be on time.Meals can stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social， preferring facetoface communication over emails or phone calls. In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small，polite bow.Business cards should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fastpaced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions，even when the subject is about money.Rank is important and authority is respected.This determines how people interact in meetings.For example，people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank. In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE，status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So do not pull away from the handshake. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 161 Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes，but they also hold business meals at restaurants.Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are onetoone，if your host offers you coffee，you should refuse.It might seem odd，but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented. In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality (守时) in vital， something that comes from a deep respect for others' time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They also have clear structure in their companies.Higherups make the final decisions，even if others might disagree.Neat，clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate. 46．The passage is mainly about ________. A．communication types B．the workplace atmosphere C．customs and social manners D．living conditions and standards 47．Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with the boss? A．They put efficiency in the first place. B．They dislike facetoface communication. C．They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D．They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank. 48．In the UAE，when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A．When greeting seniors. B．When meeting the host alone. C．When attending a presentation. D．When dining with business partners. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 162 49．In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table? A．In Brazil. B．In Singapore. C．In the United Arab Emirates. D．In Switzerland. 【要点综述】 本文是一则应用文，主要向读者介绍了不同国家的生意场上有不同的社交礼仪。 46. C 主旨大意题。 从第一段的“Here is some mustknow information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.”知，本文主要讲述了生意场上的社交礼仪。故 选 C 项。 47. D 细节理解题。 从第三段的“Rank is important and authority is respected…people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.”可知，在新加坡，上下级关系明显，下级一般 避免与上级争吵，而是服从上级。故选 D 项。 48. B 细节理解题。 从第四段的“When meetings are onetoone, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse…”可知，当单独与主人一起时，他提出喝杯咖啡时，最好的礼仪是委婉地拒绝。故选 B项。 49. D 细节理解题。 从最后一段中的“The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table…”知，在瑞士人们吃饭的时候让双手放到桌上，这是瑞士传统的餐 桌礼仪。故选 D 项。 [2014·重庆卷] D One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed. I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest fire—crackling, snapping, trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again—the telltale call of a spotted deer. I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches， beneath which the patchwork(交错) of green plants and shadowwithinshadows would make tiger stripes(条纹) look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 163 Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck; there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear. This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end. Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still, I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo. After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more. 48. Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm? A. The elephant stopped. B. A spotted deer called. C. The elephant seized a branch. D. The forest was silent for a while. 49. The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by________ A. describing various sounds B. comparing different animals C. listing different activities D. introducing various plants 50. What does the underlined part “to sense the aura” most probably mean? A. To see the diversity. B. To enjoy the scenery. C. To feel the atmosphere. D. To experience the freedom. 51. How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett? A. Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling. B. It is very timeconsuming to travel in Corbett. C. It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett. D. The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 164 50．C 词义猜测题。全文都在描写作者和大象在 Corbett 森林里的各种感觉和感受。作者对森林环境 的描写是其对森林气氛的感知的结果。故选 C。 51．D 推理判断题。从短文最后一段中的“After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.”(总之，看见老虎仅仅可以确定其美丽，而寻 找老虎的踪迹却能让你感受更多)可知，寻找孟加拉虎很有吸引力。 [2014·重庆卷] E It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks. It's undeniable that behaviour comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behaviour. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behaviour? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behaviour to figure out who we are. Moreover, we don't just use our behaviour to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behaviour is often shaped by little pressures around us ， which we fail to recognize. Maybe_we_recycle_because_our_wives_and_neighbours_would_disapprove_if_we_didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition. Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do， though it may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 165 in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. ” 52. According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to ________． A. determine one's behaviour B. reflect one's taste C. influence one's surroundings D. result from one's habits 53. Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with? A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty. B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old. C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment. D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee. 54. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage? A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions. B. We can be influenced by outside pressures. C. Our behaviour is the result of our true desires. D. Our characters can shape our social relationships. 55. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage? A. Personalities and attitudes. B. Preferences and habits. C. Behaviour and personalities. D. Attitudes and preferences. 【要点综述】 本文论述了人之所以成为某种性格的人是因为他或她在不断受到环境和他人的影响下而 成为他或她假装的那个人，这是一个悖论，但事实果真如此吗？读完该文，读者会有更多的思考空间。 52．A 细节理解题。由文章第一句及该题题干中的 commonly believed 可知由性格决定行为的见解颇 为常见。而后文则是对这种观点的反相论证。 53．A 推理判断题。答案 A 中的 indicate one's honesty 具有双关意义：拾金不昧是诚信的表现； 拾金不昧是为了给人诚信的印象。根据 Daryl Bem 的观点可知 A 项正确。 54．B 推理判断题。因为妻子或邻居不会认可不爱环境的行为，所以只有从众才能得到认可，而实际 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 166 上热爱环境是否是其本性却不得而知。由此可知，人的行为可受到来自外界压力的影响。 55．C 主旨大意题。全文通过对行为和性格的深刻分析得出结论。故选 C。 【两年模拟】2015、2016 名校模拟题及其答案解析 2016 年模拟题 1.【河南省重点中学协作体 2016 届高三第二次适应性考试】B Our “Mommy and Me” time began two years ago. My next-door neighbor and fellow mother, Christie, and I were out in our front yards, watching seven children of age 6 and under ride their bikes up and down.“I wish I could take one of my children out alone,” said Christie. Then we worked out a plan: When Christie takes one of her children out, I’ll watch her other three. And when she watches two of mine, I’ll take someone out. The children were extremely quick to accept the idea of “Mommy and Me” time. Christie’s daughter, McKenzie, went first. When she returned, the other children showered her with tons of questions. McKenzie was smiling broadly. Christie looked refreshed and happy. “She’s like a different child when there’s no one else around，”Christie shared with me quietly. With her mother all to herself, McKenzie didn’t have to make an effort to gain attention. Just as Christie had noticed changes in McKenzie, I also discovered something different in each of my children during our alone times. For example, I am always surprised when my daughter, who is seldom close to me, holds my hand frequently. My stuttering (口吃) son, Tom, doesn’t stutter once during our activities since he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak. And the other son, Sam, who’s always a follower when around other children shines as a leader during our times together. The “Mommy and Me” time allows us to be simply alone and away with each child－talking, sharing, and laughing, which has been the biggest gain. Every child deserves (应得到) to be an only child at least once in a while. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 167 24. What is the text mainly about? A. The experience of the only child being with mother. B. The advantage of spending time with one child at a time. C. The happy life of two families. D. The basic needs of children. 25. Right after McKenzie came back, the other children were ______. A. happy B. curious C. regretful D. friendly 26. What is one of the changes the author finds in her children? A. The daughter acts like a leader. B. Sam holds her hand more often. C. The boys become better followers. D. Tom has less difficulty in speaking. 27. The author seems to believe that ______. A. having brothers and sisters is fun B. it’s tiring to look after three children C. every child needs parents’ full attention D. parents should watch others’ children 【答案】 24B 25B 26D 27C 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 168 25. B 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句 When she returned, the other children showered her with tons of questions.可知当 McKenzie 回来以后，其他的孩子非常好奇，想知道妈妈带她出去干什么了。故 B 项 正确。 26. D 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句 My stuttering (口吃) son, Tom, doesn’t stutter once during our activities since he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.可知曾经口吃的 Tom 在 和我出去玩了几次以后再也不口吃了。这是孩子身上所产生的变化。故 D 正确。 27. C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 Every child deserves (应得到) to be an only child at least once in a while.每个孩子都应该偶尔得到独身子女的关爱。也就是说她认为现在每个孩子都应该受到父母亲的 全部的关注。故 C 正确。 考点：考查记叙文阅读 2.【河南省重点中学协作体 2016 届高三第二次适应性考试】C Do the exercise15 through 25,Give the different forms of the verbs on page50 of your French workbook. Read page12 through 20 of the Shakespeare play, and when you have finished that, don’t forget to fill the missing chemical symbols on the Periodic Table of Elements worksheet. Homework is a major part of going to class, and it helps students grasp important concepts. Luckily, you can do a few things to make homework less painful. First, be sure you understand the assignment. Write it down in your notebook or day planner if you need to, and don’t be afraid to ask questions about what is expected. It is much easier to take a minute to ask the teacher during or after class than to struggle to remember later at night! Second, use any extra time you have in school to work on your homework. Many schools have study halls that are specifically designed to allow students to study or get homework done. It is attractive to hang out with friends during study periods or unscheduled time, but the more work you can get done in school, the less you will have to do at night. Third, pace yourself. If you don’t finish your homework during school, think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day, and then budget your time. Most high school students have between 1 and 3 hours of homework a night. If it is a heavy-homework day and it seems like you have got an assignment on every subject but gym and lunch, you will need to devote more time to homework schedule, especially if you are involved in sports or activities or have 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 169 an after-school job. 28. The first paragraph is probably ______. A. examination items B. a list of homework C. some teacher training tasks D. some learning methods 29. What is the author’s attitude towards homework’s effect on students? A. Opposing. B. Impatient. C. Approving. D. Concerned. 30. One way to reduce your burden of homework at night is to ______. A. take part in studying teams B. appeal for teachers’ aid at any time C. focus full attention on teachers’ lecture D. make full use of the time at school 31. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A. Why Students Should Do Homework B. How to Make Homework Less Work C. It is High Time Teachers Gave Less Homework D. Who is to Blame for Children’ s Poor Eyesight 【答案】 28B 29C 30D 31B 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 170 29. C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句 Homework is a major part of going to class, and it helps students grasp important concepts.可知作者认为作业是学习的重要部分，能够帮助学生理解一些重要的概念。说 明作者对于作业持支持的态度。故 C 正确。 30. D 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 Second, use any extra time you have in school to work on your homework.可知我们要使用在校的额外时间来完成家庭作业。也就是要充分利用在校的时间。故 D项正确。 31. B 标题概括题。本文第一段属于引导段落，引出第二段 Homework is a major part of going to class, and it helps students grasp important concepts. Luckily, you can do a few things to make homework less painful.接下来几段介绍了几种让家庭作业更轻松的方法。故 B正确。 【名师点睛】 纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。不难理解，命题者在句子难度 上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式， 从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得 考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。 主 干 是 整 个 句 子 的 骨 架 ， 主 要 指 主 谓 宾 结 构 ( 如 : I want a ticket.) 或 主 系 表 结 构 (如:The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也 可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很 多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。 【最后一段第二句】If you don’t finish your homework during school, think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day, and then budget your time. 首先本句是主从复合句，if 引导条件状语从句，后面的主句是两个并列的祈使句结构 think about......, and then budget your time。短语 think about 后面接两个并列的宾语从句 how much you have left and what else is going on that day。 考点：考查说明文阅读 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 171 3.【河南省重点中学协作体 2016 届高三第二次适应性考试】 D Something that makes sense is happening in Washington, D.C! Public school kids surrounded by museums and monuments are putting the ready-made learning tools to use — and actually learning. A trip to see painter Jacob Lawrence’s Migration Series is one of almost 200 trips that Wheelock will organize this year through the nonprofit group Live It Learn It. “For many kids, school is disconnected,” says one of four full-time workers and tour leaders. “With the program, they see how what they are learning is connected to their communities.” Seven years ago, Wheelock changed a job as a lawyer for one as a four-grade teacher. When he learned that D.C.’s public schools ranked behind those of other cities in many ways, he knew he had to do something different. He took his class to Capitol Hill for a lesson on the three branches of government — and saw his students’ interest develop quickly. With seed money from a local couple, Wheelock developed detailed lesson plans for trips to the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Lincoln Memorial. The group also has classes for trips to the Anacostia River, boat rides to historical forts. Word spread, and now fourth, fifth, sixth graders from the neediest public schools in the District participate. “I’m not brave enough to take my class to a museum for over an hour!” says teacher Cathy McCoy, gesturing toward her students. “But look With Live It Learn It, what the kids learn today they’ll remember for a lifetime.” 32. Matthew Wheelock once had an occupation as a _______. A. teacher B. printer C. leader D. lawyer 33. According to the first two paragraphs, public school kids in Washington D.C. _______. A. like to have school disconnected B. are warmly welcomed by museums and monuments C. are making the resources at hand available D. are learning by going to different communities 34. Matthew Wheelock started the new change for the reason that _______. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 172 A. he saw his students’ interest develop quickly B. more graders from the neediest public schools wanted to participate C. D.C.’s public schools ranked behind in many ways D. a local couple sponsored him a sum of seed money 35. What will the lessons be like with Live It Learn It in Cathy McCoy’s opinion? A. Eye-catching. B. Challenging. C. Forgettable. D. Impressive. 【答案】 32D 33C 34C 35D 33. C 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句 Public school kids surrounded by museums and monuments are putting the ready-made learning tools to use — and actually learning. 可知华盛顿的公立学校 把周围的博物馆和纪念馆都充分利用了起来，让这些公共资源成为他们学习的工具。故 C 项正确。 34. C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 When he learned that D.C.’s public schools ranked behind those of other cities in many ways, he knew he had to do something different.可知 Matthew Wheelock 了解到华盛顿的公立学校在很多方面都落后于其他地区的公立学校，所以他才决定做一些事情来改变这一 情况。故 C 项正确。 35. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“But look With Live It Learn It, what the kids learn today they’ll remember for a lifetime.”可知通过“With Live It Learn It”这个项目，孩子们现在所学 到的知识将会永远被记住。说明在这里所学到的知识会给孩子留下深刻的印象。故 D 项正确。 【名师点睛】 针对英语高考阅读理解题的测试特点，学生应注意掌握好以下几种技巧： 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 173 一是“查阅”的技巧。即不通读全文，快速、从语篇中有目的、有选择地迅速查找某一具体事实或特定信 息的技能，如寻读、略读等。在实际运用中，学生可以先读考题，看清题干的意思和要求后，再带着这些 问题去读文章，寻找问题的答案。这样，就没有必要每词、每句必要，只要能回答问题即可。 二是猜测生词的技巧。生词大致可分两类：一类是基本上不影响对文章理解的生词；一类是对文章理解直 接相关的生词。对于第一类生词，完全可以跳过去不予理会。对于第二类生词，可以采用以下方法推测词 义： （1）利用构词法。合成（compounding）、转换（conversion）、派生（ derivation）、词缀（affixation） 等 有 助 于 确 定 词 义 。 如 ： 2007 年 浙 江 卷 E 篇 中 ， “My mother, dissatisfied with my father’s plain workman’s life.” 单 词 dissatisfied，除去前缀“dis”剩下“satisfied”是“满意的”的意思，“dis”是表示否定意义的前缀， 那么“dissatisfied”的意思就是“不满意的”。 （2）利用上下文猜测词义。 For several hours I made myself highly visible, making sure everyone could see me and the heavy black letters on the bag that said THE SATURDAY EVENING POST. 通过后文的“making sure everyone could see me ”可猜出“visible” 是“可见的”意 思。 （3）通过原文提供的例子来理解词义。 “Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of money on appliances, for example, washing-machines, fridges and color TVs.”由后 面的举例（for example）可知，“appliances”是一类家用电器。 （ 4 ） 用 对 比 和 转 折 方 法 猜 测 。 英 语 中 副 词 和 短 语 while, however, rather than, unlike, yet, but, instead, on the other hand 等， 常 出 现 在 某 一 生 词 的 前 面 或 后 面 ， 由 此 可 推 测 词 义 。 如 ： Mary is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.通过 silent（寡言的）的对比， 可猜出“loquacious”是“语多的、饶舌的”意思。 （ 5 ） 利 用 说 明 词 义 的 同 位 语 或 定 语 等 猜 测 词 义 。 如 ： Numbers such as and are called whole numbers, or integers. 句 中 “whole numbers ”与“integers”同义，由前者可知后者意思为“整数”。 三是判断文章标题的技巧。揭示话题和中心内容是确立标题最基本的要求。分析文章的标题，一般可以从 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 174 三个方面考虑：（1）确切，就是指标题应切合文章的内容。 （2）鲜明，就是指标题应明确提倡什么，反对什么。 （3）简洁，就是指标题用语精练，高度概括。 四是总结文章中心的技巧。文章的中心思想往往难以在文章中找到现成的句子，必须通过概括提炼才能提 炼出来。如 2007 年浙江卷 D 篇文章的第 55 题：What is the main idea of the text? 通读全篇， 我们可知，全文从乐于交流、善于交流这一某些西方国家的人们所常用的人际交往手段，体现心灵沟能启 迪智慧，扩大视野，增进友谊，加深理解的重要性。这样，我们就可以概括得出答案是 D： Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others. 五是揣摩作者的态度、意图、观点及文章深层含义的技巧。把握作者的态度、意图、目的，推测文章的深 层含义是一项复杂的智力活动，往往需要在整体理解文章或段落及其特定语境的基础上，进行由旧而知新， 由前而知后，由此而知彼，由表而知里的逻辑推理和判断。 六是理解段落或句子深层含义的技巧。理解段落或句子的深层含义与归纳段落的大意有所不同。归纳段落 大意是总结概括，而理解段落或句子的深层含义则是透析语义，即透过字面意思去看深层含义。 考点：考查记叙文阅读 4.【江西师大附中、鹰潭一中 2016 届高三下学期第一次联考】B If you live in a big city, there are many things to drive you crazy on your daily route, and it’s not just overcrowded subway trains. Vicky Zhao is a mainlander working in Hong Kong. For her, one thing she can’t put up with is people standing on the wrong side of the escalator(自动扶梯) in subway stations. “Escalators help us move faster and save time. It isn’t a place to rest,” the 24-year-old says. “I often see tourists block the way with their suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hours. It annoys me to no end.” Admitting she is not the patient type, Zhao says things are much better in Hong Kong than in cities on the mainland where “stand right, walk left” signs are often ignored. The logic behind the “stand right, walk left” escalator etiquette(礼仪) seems obvious. Even though you may want to catch your breath while you’re transported up or down, you should still consider others and leave enough space for people in a hurry, so that they can run and catch the train. Many cities’ escalators, including London’s and Beijing’s, use the “stand right, walk left” system to speed up the flow of people. (Australia is an exception and you should stand on the left side instead.) But some cities discourage people from moving on escalators out of safety reasons. In Hong Kong’s subway stations there are regular announcements asking people 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 175 to “stand still” on escalators. Even so, most people in this fast-paced city observe the “stand right, walk left” etiquette. But the people who stand on escalators defend themselves by telling the walkers not to be so impatient. The BBC quotes one stander as saying: “If the person is in such a rush, why not just take the stairs? Even when the escalator is packed and there’s nowhere to move, I see these same people complaining about not being able to pass.” Whatever the escalator etiquette is in the place you live or visit, do what most people are doing and always be mindful of others: leave enough space between each other, don’t stay at the end of the escalator, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple “excuse me” is enough. 24. In the second paragraph, the underline d word “It” refers to_____. A. the author’s living in the big city of Hong Kong. B. being crowded on the subway trains in rush hours. C. people’s blocking the way or chat on the escalators. D. people’s standing on the right side resting. 25. When on the escalator, a majority of local people in Hong Kong_____. A. stand still as the railway stations require. B. ignore the “ stand right, walk left” signs C. use the stairs instead of escalators. D. follow the “stand right, wail left” etiquette. 26. What can be inferred from the 6th paragraph? A. Not everyone follows the “stand right, walk left” etiquette. B. The BBC is against the “stand right, walk left” etiquette. C. People should be patient and take the stairs if possible. D. People shouldn’t complain about the crowded escalators. 27. Which of the following statements is the writer’s opinion? A. People should stand right no matter where they are. B. People should do as the Romans do and consider others. C. People should do as they like on the escalators. D. People should be seriously criticized when they block the way. 【答案】 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.B 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 176 25.D 细节推理题。根据第三段 Zhao says things are much better in Hong Kong than in cities on the mainland where “stand right, walk left” signs are often ignored.和第五段 In Hong Kong’s subway stations there are regular announcements asking people to “stand still” on escalators. Even so, most people in this fast-paced city observe the “stand right, walk left” etiquette. 可知香港多数人是遵守右边站左边行走的规矩的，故选 D. 26.A 推理判断题。根据本段中的 impatient 和 complaining 可知有人不遵守右边站左边行走的规矩而使别 人没耐心和抱怨，故选 A. 27.B 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段 do what most people are doing and always be mindful of others: leave enough space between each other, don’t stay at the end of the escalator 可知作者认为 游客们要入乡随俗按照别人那样去做，多考虑别人。故选 B. 考点：考查社会生活类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】 主旨大意题的解题思路与应试技巧 做这类题时常用略读法。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于 全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式，选 择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生活常识编造干 扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意 义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留意。 概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概 括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容 词。) 。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注 意一些转折词，如 but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary 等。当 文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归 纳主旨大意。 5.【江西师大附中、鹰潭一中 2016 届高三下学期第一次联考】C The Royal Mint has chosen Beatrix Potter’s thieving Peter Rabbit as the first character from children’s literature ever to appear on a UK coin. Peter, pictured in the blue jacket that he is forced to abandon in the garden of Mr McGregor 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 177 when he is caught stealing vegetables, is captured on a special, coloured edition of a 50p coin available from now. The Royal Mint, which described Peter as “the most recognizable of Potter’s creations, and one of the most cherished from children’s literature”, will release uncoloured versions of the coin in change later this year. Three more of Potter’s characters will also be committed to currency later this year, as part of celebrations marking 150 years since the children’s author’s birth. The images have been created by coin designer Emma Noble, who said it was “amazing to be given the opportunity to work with such famous and treasured literary characters”. Potter’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit, featuring Peter and his better-behaved siblings (兄 弟姐妹) Flopsy, Mopsy and Cottontail, was the first of her stories to be published, released in 1902 by Frederick Warne & Co. Potter would go on to follow it with a series of much-loved stories which remain popular today, from The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin to The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck. 28. Which character from children’s literature can be found on the UK coin? A. Jemima Puddle-Duck B. Squirrel Nutkin C. Flopsy, Mopsy and Cottontail D. Peter Rabbit 29. According to the passage, the coins will be released by the Royal Mint to_____. A. celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of Beatrix Potter B. celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of Peter Rabbit C. celebrate the first publication of The Tale of Peter Rabbit D. promote the sales of Beatrix Potter’s works 30.Which of the following statement is true? A. Peter Rabbit is one of the most recognized literary characters in UK. B. The Tale of Peter Rabbit mainly features his better-behaved siblings. C. It was Emma Noble who created Peter Rabbit, the famous literary character. D. Uncoloured versions of the Peter Rabbit coin are available now. 31.Where is this passage probably taken from? A. An autobiography B. A children’s book C. A travel guide D. A news report 【答案】 28.D 29.A 30.A 31.D 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 178 29.A 细节推理题。根据第三段 Three more of Potter’s characters will also be committed to currency later this year, as part of celebrations marking 150 years since the children’s author’s birth. 可知这些图案货币的发行是庆祝儿童作家 Beatrix Potter150 年诞辰活动的部分内容，故选 A. 30.A 正误判断题。根据第二段 The Royal Mint, which described Peter as “the most recognizable of Potter’s creations, and one of the most cherished from children’s literature”可知 Peter Rabbit 被认为是英国儿童文学中最被认可的人物形象之一，故选 A. 31.D 推理判断题。文章讲述了作家 Beatrix Potter 的儿童文学中的人物被选为英国货币图案发行，这不属 于自传、儿童书籍、也不属于旅游指导，而属于新闻报道。故选 D. 考点：考查新闻报道类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】 在做阅读理解题过程中，应首先略读一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把几个选项含义理解 透，尤其注意意思相近，表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文，把答案填入合适位置。答题时 可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置，反复阅读，反复体会，找出最佳选项，对于实在没有把 握的小题可以最后完成。完成短文后，再认真通读一遍全文，看看上下语意是否通顺，是否符合逻辑关系。 另外，做题时要注意文章的首段和每一段的首句或尾句，因为它们往往就是文章的主题句。阅读中要 注意要点之间的关系。 6.【江西师大附中、鹰潭一中 2016 届高三下学期第一次联考】D Understanding one's own history is important for young people's learning and development. Students are often asked to write a story about their own family's history or about a special person in their family. But too rarely do students focus on the history of their own community or their own people, in a way that helps them to understand why they find themselves in a particular situation. When people understand their own history, they are able to grapple with the influence of the social structures that sometimes limit the possibilities in their lives. Taking this approach opens the door for young people to be managers of their own learning and development as they understand why they find themselves where they are. , Many people I have been talking to about this issue agree that not only schools but also public bodies and families have failed to educate young people about their own history. And I know from my own experience how difficult it was for my father to talk about his family's experience in 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 179 1944.This may be a reflection of the sadness that people feel about that history and not wanting to make it a burden on their young people. But in today's situation, those I spoke with now clearly see that as a mistake. If our society is ever to find a way to properly deal with the influence of our own history, including what has happened to our Native American, African-American and Latino friends, our schools must step up to help young people understand their own stories. Families and related social bodies must do the same. 32. According to Paragraph 1, a good knowledge of our own history can help us_____. A. become good at writing stories B. make our influence on the society stronger C. gain a good understanding of our present situation D. understand the importance of learning and development 33.What does the underlined phrase "grapple with" in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Manage. B. Recover. C. Exercise. D. Determine. 34.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the author's family's experience in 1944 was_____. A. interesting B. surprising C. harmful D. painful 35.The passage mainly encourages us to_____. A. write our own stories B. learn our own history C. understand the importance of history D. have a proper attitude towards history 【答案】 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.B 【解析】 试题分析：作者通过自己的例子说明了年轻人了解自己历史的重要性，呼吁学校、家庭和社会多让孩子们 了解自己的历史。 32.C 推理判断题。根据 Understanding one's own history is important for young people's learning and development.和 in a way that helps them to understand why they find themselves in a particular situation.可知对我们的历史有一个好的了解能帮助年轻人学习和发展，能更好地理解自己现状，故选 C. 33. A 猜测词意题。A. Manage 设法得以做某事；B. Recover 恢复；C. Exercise 运动，练习；D. Determine 决定。句意：当人们了解了自己的历史，他们就能努力克服有时限制他们生活的社会结构的影响。此处 grapple with“努力克服”，故选 A. 34.D 推理判断题。根据第三段 This may be a reflection of the sadness that people feel about that 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 180 history and not wanting to make it a burden on their young people.可知作者家 1944 年的经历是痛 苦的，不想使它成为后辈的负担，故选 D. 35.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段 our schools must step up to help young people understand their own stories. Families and related social bodies must do the same.可知作者呼吁学校、家庭和社会多让 孩子们了解自己的历史，故选 B. 考点：考查文化教育类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】 推理判断题的解题方法 ： 推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常 识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。如文中第 32 小题根 据 Understanding one's own history is important for young people's learning and development. 和 in a way that helps them to understand why they find themselves in a particular situation. 可知对我们的历史有一个好的了解能帮助年轻人学习和发展，能更好地理解自己现状，故选 C. 第 34 小题 根据第三段 This may be a reflection of the sadness that people feel about that history and not wanting to make it a burden on their young people.可知作者家 1944 年的经历是痛苦的，不想使它成 为后辈的负担，故选 D. 任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。 推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定 可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己 的观点当成作者的观点。 7.【广东省深圳市 2016 年高三第二次调研】B A taxi driver taught me a million dollar lesson in customer satisfaction and expectation. Motivational speakers charge thousands of dollars to give training to company executives and staff. It cost me a $12 taxi ride. I had flown into Dallas for the purpose of calling on a customer. Time was limited and my plan included a quick turn-around trip from and back to the airport. A spotless taxi pulled up. The driver rushed to open the passenger door for me and made sure I was comfortably seated before he closed the door. As he got in the driver’s seat, he mentioned that the neatly-folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use. He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy. I could not believe the service I was receiving! I took the opportunity to say, “Obviously you take great pride in your work. You must have a story to tell.” 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 181 “You bet,” he replied, “I used to be in Microsoft. But I got tired of it, thinking my best would never be good enough. I decided to find my position in life where I could feel proud of being the best I could be. I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, helping people and feeling like I have done a full day’s work and done it well. I thought about my personal strengths and ... wham! I became a taxi driver. One thing I know for sure, to be good in my business I could simply meet the expectations of my passengers. But, to be GREAT in my business, I have to go above the customer’s expectations! I like both the sound and the return of being ‘great’ better than just getting by being ‘average’.” 24．What does the writer really want to say in Paragraph 1? A．The writer thought the driver motivational. B．The writer benefited a lot from the ride. C．The writer was over charged for the ride. D．The writer paid less for the ride. 25．What caused the writer’s curiosity about the taxi driver? A．His wonderful CD. B．His touching speech. C．His high-quality service. D．His neatly-folded journal. 26．From the last paragraph we know that the taxi driver . A．is enthusiastic about his work B．expects much from his work C．thinks too highly of himself D．goes above his own expectations 27．Which of the following is the taxi driver likely to agree? A．Being great is a must in life. B．Life is not easy for all of us. C．Don’t expect too much in life. D．Every one of us has strengths. 【答案】 24B 25C 26A 27D 【解析】 试题分析：本文叙述了作者乘坐出租车的一次经历，这位司机给我提供了不可思议的良好服务，经过了解 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 182 我发现他对自己的工作有疯狂的热爱，努力让顾客满意。 24. B 推理判断题。根据文章前两句 A taxi driver taught me a million dollar lesson in customer satisfaction and expectation. Motivational speakers charge thousands of dollars to give training to company executives and staff.可知这位出租车司机让我知道让顾客满意，满足顾客的期望是多么的 重要。作者从这次经历中学到了很多。故 B 正确。 25. C 推理判断题。根据第二段 3-6 句 A spotless taxi pulled up. .... He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.可知这辆出租车很干净，里面有给顾客看的报纸，并 提供多种音乐供顾客选择。作者对于受到这么好的服务感到不可思议，所以才很好奇。故 C 项正确。 【名师点睛】 本文四小题均为推理判断题，做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，又要求学生对作者的态度、 意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要 主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发挥，而走入误区。学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者的意图， 运用归纳、对比、演绎技能，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认 真体会文章的语气与感情基调(如：否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等)。这类试题常以如下句式发问： ①What can you conclude/ imply from this passage? ②What's the author’s attitude（态度）towards...? ③We can infer /learn from the passage that... 考点：考查记叙文阅读 8.【广东省深圳市 2016 年高三第二次调研】C Who is smarter? A human being or artificial intelligence（人工智能）? The question swept the world last week when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo defeated the world top player, South Korean Lee Se-del, 4-1. So, what comes next? Some people have been arguing that artificial intelligence, or AI in short, will be a bad thing 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 183 for humans. In an interview with the BBC in 2014, UK scientist Stephen Hawking warned that “the development of full artificial intelligence could mean the end of the human race.” So are we really about to live in the world shown in the Terminator movies? “Not quite,” answered The Economist. After all, it’s not hard to get a computer program to remember and produce facts. What is hard is getting computers to use their knowledge in everyday situations. “We think that, for the human being, things like sight and balance（视觉平衡）, are natural and ordinary in our life.” Thomas Edison, founder of Motion Figures, a company that is bringing AI to boys, told the newspaper. “But for a robot, to walk up and down just like human beings requires various decisions to be made every second, and it’s really difficult to do.” As The Economist put it, “We have a long way to go before AI can truly begin to be similar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great.” Meanwhile, John Markoff of The New York Times said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more effective. “Our fate is in our own hands,” he wrote. “Since technology depends on the values of its creators, we can make human choices that use technology to improve the world.” 28．What was the result of the match? A．Lee Se-del won AlphaGo 4-1. B．Lee Se-del was defeated. C．Google program beat AlphaGo. D．Neither side won the match. 29．What does Thomas Edison possibly mean in his remarks? A．It’s very hard for AI to beat the human brain. B．AI would take the place of human beings. C．AI can make various decisions quickly. D．AI does better than humans in sight and balance. 30．Who believes much has to be done to improve AI? A．Stephen Hawking. B．John Markoff. C．The New York Times. D．The Economist. 31．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph imply? A．AI will improve the world completely. B．AI is in the control of human beings. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 184 C．AI may bring disasters to human beings. D．AI will make our future out of control. 【答案】 28B 29A 30D 31B 29. A 推理判断题。根据第七段首句“We think that, for the human being, things like sight and balance （视觉平衡）, are natural and ordinary in our life.”和尾句“But for a robot, to walk up and down just like human beings requires various decisions to be made every second, and it’s really difficult to do.”可知他认为像步行这样第人类来说很简单的事情，对人工智能来说很难。可以推理出 人工智能要想真正战胜人类大脑会很困难。故 A 正确。 30. D 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段 As The Economist put it, “We have a long way to go before AI can truly begin to be similar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great.” 可知经济学家认为人工智能能和人脑相匹敌还有很长的路要走，也就是说还有很多需要提高的地方。故 D 项正确。 31. B 句意理解题。根据最后一句“Since technology depends on the values of its creators, we can make human choices that use technology to improve the world.”技术要依靠创造者的价值观，我们 可以做出选择来让技术改善我们的世界。也就是说人工智能还是由人类来决定的。故 B 正确。 考点：考查议论文阅读 9.【湖南省师大附中、长沙一中、长郡中学、雅礼中学 2016 届高三四校联考】C It's not often you get information about a destination from a heavy metal band, but in Debrecen, Hungary's second largest city, locals are used to having to make a noise to get heard. Just off the historic center, Roncs bar is a pub that also hosts live music. It has the 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 185 atmosphere of a student party in an old building that might soon be knocked down. Roncs is owned by Hungary's best-known heavy metal rock band, Tankcsapda. Sometimes referred to as the “Hungarian Metallica", the band has taken a type of music that is famous worldwide and-through lyrics, album covers, and an annual New Year's party and concert-made it all about their home city. It's perhaps fitting that Tankcsapda should be seen as ambassadors for Debrecen-the city sometimes needs loud heavy metal rock music to get noticed. “Foreigners think that Hungary is Budapest and there's nothing else," is a familiar saying on Debrecen'sstreets. Debrecen has, at times, been more important than the current seat of power, with locals claiming it takes over in times of trouble. That doesn't quite add up. Debrecen survived an attack from the Mongols in the 13th century, the Black Death, 150 years of struggle against the Ottomans and numerous conflicts, and yet ithas still only briefly been the country's capital twice. This happened for the first time after a short-lived revolution in 1849, and for a second time at the end of World War II. Today, Debrecen may not be well known to tourists, but that only adds to the charm of this relaxed city. It's a small place; the historical center is sized for strolling (散步) and regular cafe stops. There's also a view of Debrecen's mix of architectural styles, a result of the frequent large fires that back in the 19th century led the city's students to form one of Europe's first-ever fire brigades (消防队). You can also see traditional weathercocks from the rooftops, featuring Islamic star and crescent moon symbols that once advertised to Ottoman invaders that the city preferred trading to fighting. Trade meant that Debrecen's skilled people became very successful and the city became famous for-among other things-fine foods, hats and clay pipes. In the early 19th century, 10 million clay pipes were reportedly made a year, with thousands bought for Britain's navy. 28. What do Debrecen citizens expect Tankcsapda to do? A. Introduce heavy metal music to Hungary. B. Hold parties featuring live heavy metal music shows. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 186 C. Try to make Debrecen known with its music. D. Create a unique type of heavy metal music. 29. Why are locals used to having to make a noise to get heard? A. Because they feel their city is too quiet and relaxed. B. Because they dislike it that the world only knows Budapest in Hungary. C. Because they thin k it helps create a powerful image of their city. D. Because all kinds of music bars bring their city alive. 30. What does the underlined word refer to? A. Styles. B. Conditions. C. Atmosphere. D. Climate. 31. What is the key message the author wants to deliver in this passage? A. Debrecen actually is more important than Budapest. B. Debrecen is a place which is worth visiting. C. Debrecen citizens love music and create their unique culture. D. Debrecen citizens are proud of their culture and history. 【答案】 28.C 29.B 30.A 31.B 【解析】 试题分析：本文介绍了匈牙利一个很有特色的城市 Debrecen，通常外国人只知道匈牙利的首都布达佩斯， 而忽视了这个美丽的城市。作者在文章中详细描述了这个城市的特点和风情。 28.C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Foreigners think that Hungary is Budapest and there's nothing else," is a familiar saying on Debrecen's 通常外国人认为匈牙利就是布达佩斯，其他什么也 没有；再根据第四段第一句 It's perhaps fitting that Tankcsapda should be seen as ambassadors for Debrecen-the city sometimes needs loud heavy metal rock music to get noticed.可知 Debrecen 当 地人就希望这支重金属摇滚乐队 Tankcsapda 能够让人们注意到匈牙利另外一个城市 Debrecen，希望 Tankcsapda 成为这个城市的代言人。故 C项正确。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 187 29.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Foreigners think that Hungary is Budapest and there's nothing else," is a familiar saying on Debrecen's 通常外国人认为匈牙利就是布达佩斯，其他什么也 没有；所以 Debrecen 人希望能够发出自己的声音，让别人注意到匈牙利还有另外一个美丽的城市 Debrecen 的存在。故 B 正确。 考点：考查说明文阅读 10.【湖南省师大附中、长沙一中、长郡中学、雅礼中学 2016 届高三四校联考】 D I always figured that comedians were the best kind of people to hang around with as a kid. They tell funny stories, make joke after joke, and happiness seems never to leave them. But time goes on, and we come to see these same people as clowns on the outside, but crying a river in the inside. Comedy from these people comes from a deep pain and sadness in their lives, or out of a deep-seated anger they have at the world around them. Look at Richard Pryor, need I say more? Richard seemed to have everything. For Superman m , he ended up getting more money than Christopher Reeve did. Yet he said while he was in his forties that the last truly happy moment he remembered in his life was when he was jumping around in the dirt while pretending to be a cowboy at the age of 10. This guy set himself on fire, and he played that for laugh while performing live at the Sunset Strip ! Comedy was his constant weapon against pain, and he never held anything back. The movie Funny People understand very well this gloomy field many comedians have to survive in. It stars Adam Sandler as George Simmons, a famous comedian in the movie. Simmons has it all: a beautiful mansion overlooking the sea, a swimming pool, great cars, and so on. But in his eyes, we see that he is a sad man who has come to truly look down upon himself for what he has become. All the wealth he has collected only serves to separate him from the rest of the world and it makes him defensive when around total strangers who cannot see him as a normal person. But now, 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 188 he hears from his doctor that he has a terminal disease and has only months left to live. Simmons reacts to this news as if someone took away his blood in the heart, and it makes him clearly see just how much he hates his life. So now he has to make every minute count. Then come a series of funny stories. Comedy is just life as it is, isn't it? 32. What can we infer about "comedians" according to the text? A. Comedians like to get along with kids. B. Comedians' life is full of jokes. C. Comedians often use their sad experience. D. Comedians often cry in their daily life. 33. When was the happiest moment for Richard Pryor? A. When he played the part of SupermanⅢ． B. When he got more money than Christopher Reeve. C. When he pretended to be a cowboy in the childhood. D. When he performed live at the Sunset Strip. 34. Why was George Simmons unhappy? A. He had no friends at all. B. He spent too much on his house. C. He wasn't accepted by the outside world. D. He was hated by all the strangers around. 35. By saying "Comedy is just life as it is, isn't it?", the author means____ A. life like comedy will make you happy B. comedy comes from the sadness in real life C. there is no happiness at all in real life D. life is full of comedy in reality 【答案】 32. C 33. C 34. C 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 189 35. B 33. C 细节理解题，根据第二段 Yet he said while he was in his forties that the last truly happy moment he remembered in his life was when he was jumping around in the dirt while pretending to be a cowboy at the age of 10，40 多岁时他说，生命中最快乐的日子是 10 岁时扮演牛仔的时候，所以 C 项正确。 34. C 细节理解题。根据第三段 All the wealth he has collected only serves to separate him from the rest of the world and it makes him defensive when around total strangers who cannot see him as a normal person.可知是钱使西蒙和外界隔离了，他始终对陌生人有一种防卫感，其他人也没有把他看作 正常人，所以他不开心，故 C 项正确。 35. B 推理判断题。文章从一开始就说喜剧的背后是悲伤的升华，并通过 2 个例子来证明。作者认为喜剧 人的生活是充满了很多痛苦的，故最后这句 Comedy is just life as it is, isn't it?是在总结他的观点， 即选项 B。 考点：社会生活类阅读理解 2015 年模拟题 社会生活类 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次联考】 D It is amazing to note that the Internet is still such a new device, and yet it is one of the fastest and most powerful media tools. But think about it for a moment. On the Internet, a big online company can be run by two guys out of their garage. So it is only reasonable that people shopping on the Net would be a little leery of the security levels. Internet giants such as Microsoft knew consumer confidence was the key to getting virtual(虚 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 190 拟) shopping off the ground, and they work hard to make people feel safe to shop online. Credit card companies, too, quickly saw the potential for Internet shopping, and have installed things like online shopping insurance for people. If you ever have a problem with your online credit purchases, many credit card companies will happily refund(返还) your money and then set their claws on the company that wronged you. Now that’s buying power! There are other bonuses for online shoppers, of course. No line-ups, for one. No annoying mall shopping carts with broken wheels and kids crying because their parents won’t get them what they want. When shopping online, consumers can sit down, have a coffee, and wear their slippers, not have to worry about their hair or parking and just click through sale after sale. Comparison shopping couldn’t be any easier. And thanks to courier companies（速递公司）getting in on the act, you never need wait longer than a day or two to get those all important purchases delivered right to your door. No wonder so many companies are shaking their heads at traditional advertising and instead looking to the “virtual” world to attract online shoppers. 68. The underlined word “leery” means . A. satisfiedB. distrustful C. hopefulD. sad 69. leads to consumers’ trust in online shopping. A. Shopping law B. Shopping convenience C. Internet accessD. Shopping security 70. Which group of words would the writer use to describe current Internet shopping? A. Adventurous, enjoyable, fast, unreal. B. Unsafe, cheap, slow, convenient. C. Reliable, popular, convenient, slow. D. Safe, convenient, fast, comfortable. 71. The following are thought to have made contributions to the popularity of online shopping EXCEPT_________. A. internet companiesB. courier companies C. advertising companies D. credit card companies 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 191 社会生活类 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了网上购物的安全在日益增加、而且具有快捷、方便、舒适等特点。 【答案解析】 68. B。解析：猜意题，根据第划线单词前说的 Internet 网上一家公司可有两个老板，因此人们对网络购 物的不信任。A满意的；B 不信任的；C 有希望的；D 悲伤的。 69.D。解析：概括题，根据文章的第三段判断是网络的安全性让人们对网上购物放心。故选 D。 70. D。解析：概括题。根据第四段判断网上购物方便、快捷、舒适等特点。 71. C。解析：推断题。根据最后一段可知网上购物最不利于广告公司的发展。 【英语卷(解析）·2015 届浙江省温州市十校联合体（温州中学等）联考】D Dear Guys, I’d like to talk to you about the shame you subjected me to last night. Let me first refresh your memory: You, a group of fit, young men, were playing soccer on the field across from my apartment building. I, a better-than-average looking young woman, was walking along the sidewalk with my groceries. That’s when your ball came flying over the fence and landed in front of me. One of you approached and asked politely if I would throw the ball back to you. Fighting the urge to drop my bags and run screaming down the street, I reluctantly (勉强地) agreed. Before I continue, let me explain something that I didn’t have a chance to mention last night: I hate sports. More specifically, I hate sports involving balls. This results from my lack of natural ability when it comes to throwing, catching and hitting. I’m bad at aiming too. So you can understand why I’d be nervous at what I’m sure seemed to you like a laughably simple request. However, wanting to appear agreeable, I put my bags down, picked up the ball and, eyes half-shut, and threw it as hard as I could. It hit the middle of the fence and bounced back to me. Trying to act casually, I said something about being out of practice, and then picked up the ball again. If you’ll remember, at your command, I agreed to try throwing underhand. While outwardly I was smiling, in my head, I was praying, oh God, oh please oh please oh please. I threw the ball upward with all my strength, terrified by what happened next. The ball hit slightly higher up on the fence and bounced back to me. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 192 This is the point where I start to take issue with you. Wouldn’t it have been a better use of your time, and mine, if you had just walked around the fence and took the ball then? I was clearly struggling; my smiles were more and more forced. And yet, you all just stood there, motionless. Seeing that you weren’t going to let me out of the trouble, I became desperate. Memories of middle school softball came flooding back. I tried hard to throw the ball but it only went about eight feet, then I decided to pick it up and dash with ball in hand towards the baseline, while annoyed thirteen-year-old boys screamed at me that I was ruining their lives. Children are cruel. Being a big girl now, I pushed those memories aside and picked up the soccer ball for the third time. I forced a good-natured laugh while crying inside as you patiently shouted words of support over the fence at me. “Throw it granny-style!” one of you said. “Just back up a little and give it all you’ve got!” another offered. And, most embarrassing of all, “You can do it!” I know you thought you were being encouraging, but it only served to deepen the shame. Anyway, I accepted your ball-throwing advice, backed up, rocked back and forth a little, took a deep breath and let it fly. It hit the edge of the fence and bounced back to me. I surprised myself—and I’m sure you as well—by letting out a cry, “DAMN IT!!!” I then willed myself to have a heart attack and pass out in front of you just so I’d be put out of my misery. Alas, the heart attack didn’t happen, and you continued to look at me expectantly, like you were content to do this all night. I had become a sort of exhibition for you. I could feel your collective thoughts drifting through the chain-link: “Can she really not do it? But I mean, really?” Unfortunately for you, I wasn’t really game to continue your experiment. Three failed attempts at a simple task in front of a group of people in a two-minute period were just enough blows for me for one night. I picked up the ball one last time, approached the fence and grumbled, 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 193 “Please just come get the damn ball.” And you did. And thanks to you, I decided at that very moment to never throw anything ever again, except disrespectful glances at people who play sports. Sincerely, Jen Cordery 55. The writer agreed to throw the ball because ______. A. she needed to have a relax carrying the heavy groceries B. she wanted to refresh her childhood memories C. she could not refuse the polite request from the young man D. she had fallen in love with the young man at first sight 56. Which of the following is closet in meaning to the underlined word “game”? A. anxious B. brave C. afraid D. curious 57. Why did the writer mention her middle school memory? A. To explain why she failed the attempts to throw the ball back. B. To complain that she had not mastered the ball throwing skills. C. To show how cruel those 13-year-old boys were. D. To express her dislike towards softball. 58. What the boys said before the writer’s third attempt actually made the writer ________. A. inspired B. encouraged C. awkward D. depressed 59. What happened to the ball at last? A. The writer managed to throw the ball back. B. The boy got the ball back by himself. C. The writer threw the ball away out of anger. D. The boys got angry and left without the ball. 60. What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this open letter? A. To express her regret over what she did the day before. B. To announce that she would never play all games again. C. To joke on her inability to throw the ball over the fence. D. To criticize the young men for their cruelty to her dignity. 社会生活类 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 194 【文章大意】在这封信中，作者解释了前一天发生的一件令她难堪的事。她从小就不擅长玩球，可是在一 群男孩礼貌的请求下，尝试了三次都没有把球扔过栅栏，这令她感觉很尴尬。决心以后再也不碰球了。 58.C 推理判断题。根据 And, most embarrassing of all, “You can do it!”， but it only served to deepen the shame.可知，我觉得更不好意思了。与 C 项（我觉得很不好意思。）意思一致。 59.B 细节题：从最后两段的句子：“Please just come get the damn ball.”和 And you did. And thanks to you, 可知最后是男孩自己去拿的球。选 B 60 C 主旨大意题。作者写这封公开信的目的是：全文第一句话的内容：我想跟你们说说昨天晚上你们带给 我的让我觉得不好意思的一件事，作者有自我解嘲含义，与 C 的意思一致。 【英语卷(解析）·2015 届浙江省温州市十校联合体（温州中学等）联考】C Recently, CCTV journalists have approached pedestrians with their cameras, held a microphone to their mouth and asked a simple question: “Are you happy?” The question has caught many interviewees off guard. Even Mo Yan, who recently won a Nobel Prize, responded by saying: “I don’t know”. While the question has become a buzz phrase and the Internet plays host to heated discussions, we ask: What exactly is happiness? And how do you measure it? In the 1776 US Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson set in writing the people’s unalienable right to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”. Last year, 235 years on, China’s Premier Wen Jiabao told the nation: “Everything we do is aimed at letting people live more happily.” At last year’s National People’s Congress, officials agreed that increasing happiness would be a top target for the 12th five-year plan. US psychologist Ed Diener, author of Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth, describes happiness as “a combination of life satisfaction and having more positive than 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 195 negative emotions”, according to US broadcasting network PBS. This may sound straightforward enough, but it still doesn’t explain what determines people’s happiness. Many argue that happiness is elusive and that there is no single source. It also means different things to different people. For some, happiness can be as simple as having enough cash. Researchers believe happiness can be separated into two types: daily experiences of hedonic(享 乐的) well-being; and evaluative well-being, the way people think about their lives as a whole. The former refers to the quality of living, whereas the latter is about overall happiness, including life goals and achievements. Happiness can cross both dimensions. Li Jun, a psychologist and mental therapy practitioner at a Beijing clinic, says: “Happiness can mean both the most basic human satisfaction or the highest level of spiritual pursuit. It’s a simple yet profound topic.” Chen Shangyuan, 21, a junior English major at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, said his idea of happiness always evolves. “At present it relates to how productive I am in a day,” he said. “It might be linked to job security or leisure time after I graduate.” Then there is the question of measuring happiness. Does it depend on how many friends we have, or whether we own the latest smart phone? Is it even quantifiable? Economists are trying to measure happiness in people’s lives. Since 1972, Bhutan’s GDP measurement has been replaced by a Gross National Happiness index. It is calculated according to the peoples’ sense of being well-governed, their relationship with the environment, their satisfaction with economic development, and their sense of national belonging. In 2009, US economist Joseph Stiglitz proposed “to shift emphasis from measuring economic production to measuring people’s well-being”. But is well-being more easily measured? 50. In the second paragraph, the writer gave an example to . A. support his idea that being famous is the reason to be happy B. introduce his topic to be discussed C. tell people winning a Nobel Prize is a great honour D. show that the question was quite difficult 51. From what Thomas Jefferson and Wen Jiabao mentioned in the passage, we know . A. people’s happiness is determined by great people 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 196 B. people’s happiness is an important target for the development of a country C. people in all countries have the right to ask the government for a happy life D. People both in China and America are living a happy life 52. According to the passage, the writer may most likely agree that _________. A. CCTV journalists are concerned about people’s happiness out of sympathy. B. the question has led to heated discussions about who are the happiest people in China C. Bhutan’s new index shows that people there are the happiest in the world D. it is not easy for us to decide what determines people’s happiness 53. What does the underlined word “elusive” in the sixth paragraph mean? A. Available. B. Easy to get. C. Hard to describe. D. Unimaginable. 54. The best title of the passage is . A. Are You Happy? B. The Measurement of Happiness C. GDP and Happiness D. The Secret of Happiness 社会生活类 【文章大意】本文讲述你幸福吗?这一问题已经成为热门语句并引发网络势议。我们不禁要问，幸福到底是 什么，又怎样来衡量？研究人员把幸福分成两类: 一类 日常的享乐主义幸福，二是可评估的幸福，前者强 调生活质量而后者注重整体幸福感。 53.D 推理判断题。根据很多人认为，幸福难以捉摸，幸福源自许多方面，与 D项意思相符，故选 D 项。 54.C 词义推测题。根据后一句话幸福源自许多方面，可知选 C，难以形容。 55.A 主旨大意题。文章的核心句，你幸福吗，围绕这一话题，不同的人有不同的理解与回答，故 A 项最合 适。 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届浙江省“温州八校”高三联考】 B The Hunan Satellite TV(HNTV) show “Where are we going, Dad?” is a big hit. Many famous stars brought their children to a strange village alone, and they had to spend 72 hours with their children there. The program fully showed us a modern version of the “how to be a good father”. As the 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 197 young parents today are too busy to take care of their children, this new form of “Lost on the way” played by nanny Daddy and cute kids triggered（触发）a lot of people’s emotional resonance （共鸣）. Both the kids and their parents will find that their hearts are being drawn closer. But this kind of feeling has just proved that there is a big spiritual barrier between the modern parents and children. The TV shows like “Children are hard to support!”, “Where are we going, Dad?”, “hot mom” and “cute kids” are becoming more and more popular. All of these show the new parents’ confusion in children’s education and the appeal for the balance between career and family. In real life, on the one hand the young parents feel helpless because they are too busy to accompany their children under the pressures of work and life; on the other hand they continue to do so. The data collected by HNTV shows that nearly two-thirds of their audience are female, among whom 36% are aged from 25 to 34.We can imagine such a scene that one evening a young mother is watching the show with her young children, while her husband is still at work or trapped in socializing, or maybe is just playing computer games in the bedroom. The story of a child without the company of father is still going on. In fact, it is sometimes the same to mothers. In a modern family, it is often the old who take the responsibility of raising a child. The participation of mother in the children’s education is also very low. It is just this kind of confusion where the parents have gone in the modern family education, and where the parents will guide their children to go that “Where are we going，Dad?” shows us. If a child wants to grow up healthily and safely into a modern citizen with independent personality and free spirit, it is very important for him or her to follow the parents who serve as their first teacher. Maybe this is the real reason why such kind of TV programs could get hot. The truth is that children will go where their parents go; and society will go where the children go. 46. In raising a child in modern society, parents should ________. A. play computer games with their children B. keep their children at home to avoid socializing C. balance well between family and career D. break down the barrier between children and teachers 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 198 47. Which of the following can be inferred in the passage? A. Parents shouldn’t entirely leave the education of children to the old. B. 36% of the audience of the program are female aged from 25-34. C. The program shows us the confusion where the parents and children will go to play. D. In a modern family it is often mothers who are responsible for raising a child. 48. Which one is the best title of the passage? A. Confusion Behind “Where are we going, dad?” B. Modern Education is Important C. Nanny Daddy and Cute Kids D. New problems in Modern Children’s Education 49. What attitude towards modern family education does the author express in the second paragraph? A. Proud. B. Worried. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 【文章大意】本文讲述随着爸爸去哪儿这类亲子节目的热播，引发如何教育孩子的社会话题的广泛讨论。 48.A 主旨标题。本文讲述爸爸去哪儿，这个电视节目取得了巨大的成功，得到大家的关注，从而如何教育 孩子也就成为当前重要的话题，故选 A 项。 49B 推断题。第二段提到孩子很难养，辣妈，潮童，这些流行词汇，所有的这些节目反应家长在平衡家庭 与事业之间的矛盾，故作者的态度是很担忧的，所以选 B 项。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届宁夏银川一中高三月考】D People are being tricked into Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook because people don’t really know what their personal data is worth. The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules early on you keep 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 199 everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook. You could create your own little private network. Last year. The company changed its privacy rules so that many things; your city, your photo, your friends’ names were set, by default (默认)to be shared with everyone on the Internet. According to Facebook’s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information. They have a “less satisfying experience. Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them. At the side of the pages totally, who wants to took at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends? The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social networking sites. “I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits. I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it’s only the beginning，which is why I’m considering cancelling my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t know. That’s too high a price to pay. 47. What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph? A. It is a website that sends messages to users who want to get married. B. It earns money by putting on advertisements. C. It makes money by selling its users’ personal data. D. It provides loads of information to its users. 48. What does the author say about most Facebook users? A. They are unwilling to give up their personal information. B. They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook. C. They don’t identify themselves when using the website. D. They care very little about their personal information. 49. Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage? A. To provide better service to its users. B. To obey the Federal guidelines. C. To improve its users’ connection D. To expand its business. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 200 50. Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account? A. He is dissatisfied with its present service. B. He finds many of its users untrustworthy. C. He doesn’t want his personal data badly used. D. He is upset by its frequent rule changes. 【文章大意】文章的主题围绕当下很受欢迎的社交网站 Facebook，揭露其将用户资料出售给广告商。而大 多数用户并未意识到这一点，因为他们并没有意识到个人资料的重要性。作者的态度和立场非常鲜明，并 表示考虑注销自己的账户。 【答案解析】 47. C。解析：细节理解题 AB 没有提及;人们被骗到 Facebook 因为它承诺服务是免费的,而没有意识到他们 通过放弃大量的个人信息已经付钱了（Facebook 通过卖用户的信息来挣钱）。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届江西省师大附中等五校高三第一次联考】D I guess I always knew about the little fish treat, but this past summer it was all I could see. Pipin and Nemo were balancing on one front flipper(鳍), flying through hoops, dancing with the trainer, and we were all applauding — the little kids screaming with delight. That’s when the trainer, who wore a little treat bag on her belt, slipped Pipin and Nemo a fish. Each time they successfully performed a trick, they’d get an immediate reward. These creatures weren’t really dancing, of course. They were performing a series of movements that they knew would produce a fish. It’s such a good show because the sea lions look like they’re having such fun. These talented performers who love to be in front of an audience seem almost human. Somewhere in our faith journey, we all have a sea lion moment. You see how you’ve spent years jumping through hoops, balancing a ball on your nose, not because it’s really who you are, but because you’ve always done it and the system rewarded you for your performance. But when you’ve done that for ten or twenty years, you start to ask yourself, “Whose approval am I working for? What do I really believe?” Suddenly you see it: you’ve spent most all your life taking direction from other people. They’ve told you what to believe in, what to work for, what to value, how 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 201 to live your life. You don’t want to end your life like Sinclair Lewis’s George Babbitt, the middle-aged real-estate broker(经纪人) who has everything and reached the top. But on the last page of Babbitt, George is speaking to his son Ted, who cannot follow in his father’s steps. He wants to leave college and head off on his own way. “Dad, I can’t stand it any more,” the boy says. “Maybe it’s all right for some fellows. Maybe I’ll want to go back some day, but now, I want to get into mechanics.” Babbitt, seeming old and subdued, says, “I’ve never done a single thing I’ve wanted to in my whole life!” The Good-Bye Gate brings us naturally to a second passage, leading from dependency to self-possession. As you start separating from the whole worn-out system, you discover that where there is supposed to be a self, there really isn’t. 71. The sea lions were pleased to perform in front of the audience because they ____. A. will be punished if it refuses it B. wants to win the trainer’s favor C. wants to get audiences’ applauses D. can get food as a reward that way 72. While watching the sea lions’ performance, the author ____. A. realized an important life philosophy B. recalled the similar scene of last year C. couldn’t help shouting and dancing D. was happy to see them living freely 73. By saying “we all have a sea lion moment”, the author means that ____. A. anyone can make it so long as they work hard B. sometimes we don’t act following our own will C. we can also get rewarded if we do something well D. every human being also has his happy moment 74. What do you learn about George Babbitt? A. He has been living a free life of his own. B. His son ends up Babbitt family’s business. C. He tends to agree to his son’s choice of life. D. His son decides to follow his father’s steps. 75. Which can be the best title for this passage? A. Challenge Yourself B. Summer Vacation Fun C. No Pains, No Gains D. Now I Become Myself 【文章大意】本文作者通过观看 the sea lions 的表演得到的人生启示：人要做真正的自己而不是人云亦 云。走自己的路，让别人去评说。 【答案解析】 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 202 71.D。解析：细节题，根据文章第一段的 Each time they successfully performed a trick, they’d get an immediate reward.可知 the sea lions 是为了得到奖赏而进行表演的，故选 D。 72.A。解析：概括题，根据第二段 Somewhere in our faith journey, we all have a sea lion moment 及该段都是作者在观看 the sealions 的表演想到人生。故选 A。 73.B。解析：推断题。根据文中下面的描述，特别作者又举例说明人们往往也不是根据自己的意愿去生活， 而是听从了别人的意愿。故选 B。 74.C。解析。推断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“Dad, I can’t stand it any more,” the boy says. “Maybe it’s all right for some fellows. Maybe I’ll want to go back some day, but now, I want to get into mechanics.” Babbitt, seeming old and subdued, says, “I’ve never done a single thing I’ve wanted to in my whole life!”可知 Babbitt 同意了孩子的选择，故选 C。 75.D。解析：概括题。通读全文，特别是文章最后一段告诉我们要做真正的自己，故选 D。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届江西省南昌二中高三上学期第一次考试】C From good reading we can get pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction. With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters in it are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble (相像) human friends whom we hold dear or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances(熟人). Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. While human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. Of all the gifts from reading books, the most valuable one is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of daily routines or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 203 get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb high mountains, brave the perils (危险) of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mix with the merry crowds of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read. 50. Why do we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading? A. No one is trying to disturb you there. B. All is so quiet and calm around you. C. The book you read is so fascinating. D. Our life is just far from satisfactory. 51. What makes people like their acquaintances in books even more? A. They are just like our human friends. B. They are unfamiliar types we like. C. They will never ever abandon us. D. They will never hurt our feelings. 52. The word “hazardous” means ______. A. “unexpected” B. “dangerous” C. “imaginary” D. “unusual” 53. “... the whole world is ours for the asking” means that we can____________. A. experience the whole world just by reading B. get anywhere in the world only by asking C. make a trip around the world free of charge D. actually possess everything in this world 54. What is the most suitable title for this passage? A. Reading and traveling B. Experiencing the world C. Traveling with books D. Gifts from reading 【文章综述】文章介绍一本好书可以给我们带来快乐，朋友，经验和指导。 【答案解析】 50. C。解析：细节题 根据第一段第二句 A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. 可知原因是你读的书是如此有趣 和有吸引力。 51. C。解析：判断推理题 根据第二段最后一句话：When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. 可知人类朋友会抛弃我们，但是书上的 朋友不会的。 52. B。解析：词义猜测题 根据 Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 204 danger. We can climb high mountains, brave the perils (危险) of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship.可知，后一句是对前一句的解释。两句话 前半部分表达的意思是相同的，推理出 hazardous 的意思是“危险的”。 【英语卷(解析)·2015届河南省顶级名校高三入学定位考试】 D In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the healthy while using its supply of natural resources. Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy resolution. It is now trying hard to made full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil(棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown more than 50%. Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one. The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 205 for sustainable product industries. 16. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that____. A. it makes the world warmer B. it consumes natural resources C. it brings severe damage to future D. it makes growth hard to continue 17. What can we infer from Paragraph2? A. China lacks wind and solar energy. B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market. C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development. D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests. 18. To fully develop the low-carbon markets governments can______. A. cut public expenses B. forbid carbon emissions C. develop public resources D. encourage energy conservation 19. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to _______. A. develop sustainable products B. explore new natural resources C. make full use of natural resources D. deal with the major challenge 20. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new business model B. To compare two business models C.To predict a change of the global markets D. To advocate sustainable development 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了如何实现可持续性发展，保护自然资源。 【答案解析】 16. B。解析：概括题，通读文章第一段可知 传统商业模式①是地球变暖②给将来带来严重的危害③让发 展难以持续。而消耗自然资源不是传统商业模式有害的原因，故选 B。 17. C。解析：推断题，根据第二段 It is now trying hard to made full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains 可知 High-speed trains 是一种低碳发展模式，故选 C。 18. D。解析：概括题。文章第三段告诉我们政府应采取的几项鼓励人们采取低碳生活，保护自然资源。故 D正确。 19. A。解析：细节题。根据文章最后一段的 That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries 可知“发展可持续性产品的机会”，故选 A。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 206 20. D。解析：推断题。通读全文，本文主要讲述了如何实现可持续性发展，故选 D。 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届河北省唐山市高三模拟考试】D We know that cigarette smoking kills． So, producers made electronic cigarettes as a safer smoking choice - safer than tobacco． Although e-cigarettes contain the drug nicotine like cigarettes, they do not use tobacco and you do not light them． They are powered by battery （电 池）． However, if e-cigarettes are so safe, why has the United States Center for Disease Control （CDC） seen an increase in telephone calls about e-cigarette poisonings? The answer is children． Most of the calls are from people worried about children who have played with the devices, In the period of one month this year, the Center said 215 people called the Center with e-cigarette concerns． More than half of these calls were for children aged five and younger． The devices had made them sick． Tim McAfee is director of the Center's Office on Smoking and Health, He says the problem is regulation． Meaning, the U．S． federal government does not control e-cigarettes even though they contain liquid nicotine ． Mr ． McAfee adds that liquid nicotine is a well-known danger． Mr．McAfee explains that nicotine poisoning happens when it gets into the skin, gets into the eyes or is swallowed． It can cause stomach pain or a sense of unbalance． And too much nicotine can kill, Tim McAfee says e-cigarettes do not create the level of risk to people that tobacco products do．He notes that almost 500,000 Americans die each year from cigarettes． "So, cigarettes are the winner in that contest．" E-cigarettes do not contain hundreds of harmful chemicals that are found in real cigarettes． So, the U．S．Surgeon General Boris D． Lushniak has suggested that e-cigarettes may be a useful tool for adults trying to end their tobacco use． But McAfee worries that teenagers may think electronic cigarettes are harmless． They could become addicted to the nicotine and then start smoking real cigarettes． In other words, he fears that for young people fake e-cigarettes could be a "gateway" to the real thing． 32．What do the producers think of e-cigarettes? A． Dangerous． B． Expensive． C． Safer． D． Cheaper． 33．Why did the CDC receive so many calls about e-cigarettes? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 207 A． Parents feared that their children might get poisoned, B． Parents found the device useless in quitting smoking． C． Children swallowed the liquid nicotine from the device． D． Children might get addicted to playing with the device． 34．It can be inferred from the passage that ． A． the CDC wants to develop a better type of e-cigarettes B． the government is in favor of the use of e-cigarettes C． Surgeon General Boris D． Lushniak is a heavy smoker D． smokers most probably can't quit smoking using e-cigarettes 35．What is Tim McAfee's opinion about smoking? A． Adults should use harmless e-cigarettes． B． Smoking e-cigarettes can make a person sick． C． He claims that regulations should be made to ban smoking． D． He is concerned about the teens using e-cigarettes． 【文章大意】电子烟并不是毫无危害的，会伤害到 5 岁以下的孩子，而对于想戒烟的成年人来说还是个不 错的工具。 33.A 细节理解题。根据第三段提到 Most of the calls are from people worried about children who have played with the devices, In the period of one month this year, the Center said 215 people called the Center with e-cigarette concerns．大多数电话是因为人们担心孩子会玩弄这些设备。今年一个月 期间，美国疾病控制中心报道 215 个人呼叫中心有关电子烟问题 More than half of these calls were for children aged five and younger． The devices had made them sick．这些电话一半以上是因为 5岁以 下的孩子。这些电子烟明显导致孩子们生病，故选 A 项。 34.B 推断题。根据第四段提到 Tim McAfee is director of the Center's Office on Smoking and Health, He says the problem is regulation． Meaning, the U．S． federal government does not control e-cigarettes even though they contain liquid nicotineTim McAfee 是美国疾病控制与预防中心吸烟与 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 208 健康办公室主任。他指出问题是规章制度。也就是说，虽然电子烟含有液体尼古丁，但是美国联邦政府没 有控制电子烟，故选 B 项。 35.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到 So, the U．S．Surgeon General Boris D． Lushniak has suggested that e-cigarettes may be a useful tool for adults trying to end their tobacco use 他建议到电子 烟对于那些试着戒烟的成年人来说还是比较有用的工具，故选 A 项。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届河北省石家庄二中高三考试】B When you make a mistake, big or small, cherish it like it’s the most precious thing in the world. Because in some ways, it is. Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad at ourselves. And that’s only natural: most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, that we should try to avoid mistakes. We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction. Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world: they make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible. By trial and error—trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly. Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, make works of genius possible. Think about how we learn: we don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You don’t just read about painting, or writing, or computer programming, or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or from observing, then you make mistakes and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something. That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed at something, it’s probably something you already knew how to do. You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey was made up of mistakes, if it’s a good journey. So if you value learning, if you value growing and improving, then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 209 6. Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes? A. Because mistakes make us suffer a lot. B. Because it’s a natural part in our life. C. Because we’ve been taught so from a young age. D. Because mistakes have ruined many people’s careers. 7. According to the passage, what is the right attitude to mistakes? A. We should try to avoid making mistakes. B. We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes. C. We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn. D. We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction. 8. The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph 6 probably means . A. a small child learning to walk B. a kindergarten child learning to draw C. a primary pupil learning to read D. a school teenager learning to write 9. We can learn from the passage that . A. most of us can really grow from success B. growing and improving are based on mistakes C. we learn to make mistakes by trial and error D. we read about something and know how to do it right away 【文章大意】本文主要是告诉我们错误的价值，错误可以让我们从中学到很多的东西，可以让我们成长， 让我们进步。 【答案解析】 6.C 细节题。根据第三段 1,2 行 And that’s only natural. Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, and we should try to avoid mistakes.说明 C 正确。 7.C 推理题。根据第四段 mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world. They make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible. 说明错误是我们学习的好机会，我们要好好珍惜，故 C 正确。 8.A 推理题。根据 Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, and make works of genius possible.说明错误可以让最好的 toddler,步行成为可能，故该词 指学习走路的孩子，故 A 正确。 9.B 推理题。根据文章最后一段 So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistakes.是， 错误可以让我们成长，让我们提高。故 B 正确。 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届广西桂林中学高三月考】(B) 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 210 Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is. However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in. This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it. When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway. Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into. 24. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________. A. the standards of success B. the meaning of success C. the reasons for success D. the importance of success 25. In Paragraph 2, the underlined word “that” refers to ______. A. setting a practical goal B. being good at something C. putting in more time D. succeeding in life 26. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Having a goal is vital to success. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 211 B. Being good is different from being great. C. One cannot succeed without time and practice. D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success. 【答案解析】 24.解析：选 C 。主旨大意题。第一段主要分析了成功的原因，有人认为是天赋、出身或者运气，但是作者 并不完全认同，认为这只是生活的现实而已。故 A 项正确。A项意为“成功的标准”; B 项意为“成功的意 义”；D 项意为“成功的重要性”，均与第一段不相关。 25.解析：选 A 。词义猜测题。根据上句．..to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. 可知，that 代指“设定一个符合实际的目标”。 26.解析：选 C。主旨大意题。概括全文可知，文章主要指出成功的关键不是靠天赋、出身或运气，没有大 量的时间和练习，一个人是不会取得成功的。文章虽然提到，要取得成功首先要设定一个符合实际的目标， 但没说这是“至关重要的(vital)”，这并非文章的主题；文章也并非主要比较 being good 与 being great 的不同，故排除 B 项；D项与文章内容相反。 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届广西桂林中学高三月考】(A) One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. "This boy has lost his family," he wrote. "He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help?” I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically. The first two times we met, David didn't say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon 一 in complete silence and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 212 Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me? "Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with," I thought. "Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly. "It’s your turn," he said. After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life. Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one 一 without any words 一 can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens. 21. When he first met the author, David . A. looked a little nervous B. walked energetically C. felt a little excited D. showed up with his teacher 22. As a psychologist, the author . A. was able to describe David's problem B. was skeptical about psychology C. was ready to listen to David D. was sure of handling David's problem 23. David enjoyed being with the author because he________. A. wanted to ask the author for advice B. beat the author many times in the chess game C. liked the children’s drawings in the office D. need to share sorrow with the author 【文章大意】本文为记叙文。戴维因为失去了家人而非常伤心，拒绝与别人交流，“我”作为一名心理医 生成功地使他恢复了正常。“我”采取的方法就是跟他下棋，让他感受到“我”理解他的痛苦。人与人的 交流不只是通过语言，也可能是一个拥抱、一个哭泣时可以依靠的肩膀、一次友好的接触或者一只耐心倾 听的耳朵。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 213 22. 解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句 Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.可知，作者准备去做一名倾听者。文章虽提到有些问题心理学也无法给出答 案，但这并不能说明作者对心理学持怀疑的态度，故 B 项错误；根据第二段中的 and which no words can describe 可排除 A 项；通过第二段中的 How could I help him？以及“有些问题心理学也无法给出答案” 可知，作者并不确信自己能解决戴维的问题，故排除 D 项。 23.解析：选 D。推理判断题。根据第五段中的 Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with... 可知，他喜欢和作者下棋，或许是因为他需要一个人来分担他的痛苦，故 D 项正确。文章并未提到戴维想 向作者征求建议，相反，他开始时拒绝跟作者交流，故排除 A 项；文中并未提及他喜欢这些画，只说他在 看这些画，排除 B 项；由第三段中．..I made sure David won once or twice.可知 C 项错误。 【英语卷（解析）·2014 届西藏自治区高三最后一次模拟】C Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called mall rats. Mall rats do not leave the shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof. People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls have police stations or private security (安全) guards. Parking is usually free, and the weather inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest area with waterfalls and large green trees. The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota. It covers 4.2 million square feet. It has 350 stores, eight night clubs, and a seven-acre (公顷) park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people shop every week. The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Edina, Minnesota. People loved doing all their shopping in one place. More malls were built all over the country. Now, malls are like town centers where people come to do many things. They shop, of course. They also eat in food houses that have food from all over the world. They see movies at theatres. Some people even get their daily exercise by doing the new sport of mall walking. Others go to malls to meet friends. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 214 In some malls, people can see a doctor or a dentist (牙医) and even attend church. In other words, people can do just about everything in malls. Now residents (居民) can actually live in their favorite shopping center. 28．Malls are . A．large shopping centers which also act as town centres B．large parks with shops C．the most popular places Americans go to D．town centers 【答案】 28.C。解析：细节题。根据第一段第一句话 Malls are popular places for Americans to go 可知 Malls 是美国人最喜欢去的地方。故选 C。 29.B。解析：概括题。根据第二段 They feel safe because malls have police stations or private security (安全) guards. Parking is usually free, and the weather inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest area with waterfalls and large green trees 可知 Malls 不仅是人们购物的地方 还是人们休闲等地方。故选 B。 30.D。解析：推断题。根据文章的第三、四段推断 Malls 是人们购物、休闲、停车、娱乐、看病等地方可 知 Malls 必须是大地方，所以选 D。 31.C。解析：细节题。根据文章第一段的 Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called mall rats 可知花费太长时间在 malls 购物和游玩的人被称为 mall rats，所以选 C。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届浙江省重点中学协作体高考摸底】 C Common phrases like “no pains, no gains” give the impression that we ought to be suffering while we study. It’s almost as though the only way to know if we’re putting in enough work is 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 215 the sense of hardship we bear. When we haven’t taken the time to come up with another idea, all we know how to do is shut ourselves in a room with a book. It’s no surprise that we find revision boring and difficult. Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch off. Shutting yourself away can make you learn to hate studying. This leads to a situation where instead of being able to concentrate on your work, you are troubled by how unfair it is that you must study. When you hate your work it’s very difficult to make yourself star, or approach it with any kind of structure or enthusiasm. This can be part of a vicious cycle(恶性循环) that traps you into ineffective revision, your poor progress fuelling further annoyance. Just being around other people really helps fight against feelings of loneliness and, thankfully, it’s perfectly possible to work in the company of other people. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions(使人分心的事物). It's not necessary to avoid all company, just idle(懒散的) company. Studying in the same room as someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. People who are bored and looking to be distracted, however, are terrible to work around. They constantly try to keep others in conversation. It’s also a good idea to avoid the company of people involved in activities that you would rather be doing than studying. Working while sitting next to someone playing video games is much more likely to end with a new high score than a productive few hours of revision. If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out even noisy children. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting you. When you’re studying for a big exam, it seems like your whole life is taken up with study. Friends and family can lessen feelings of isolation(孤立). And connecting with other people makes us happy, so it’s important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to socialize. 50. The author might believe that the phrase “no pains, no gains” ______. A. best describes how to study well 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 216 B. makes people treat study as a habit C. encourages people to learn step by step D. is not a good inspirational phrase for study 51. Which saying about study might the author prefer? A. There is no royal road to learning. B. It’s better to work behind closed door. C. A positive motivation leads to good study results. D. He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning. 52. Which might lead to an effective study based on this text? A. A correct goal. B. A good teacher. C. A favorable interest. D. A hard task. 53. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 implies that ______. A. playing video games is helpful for an effective study B. one shouldn’t let a video player to be his / her company C. one should study from certain activities that he / she is interested in D. the more time one spends in playing games, the higher marks he / she will get 54. If you are studying in a noisy environment, you’d better ______. A. give indication of not wanting to be interrupted B. give up others’ company at one C. think twice before taking any action D. force yourself to be accustomed to the environment 【答案】 50.D。解析：推断题。根据前三段可知作者并不赞同没有痛苦就没有收获这种说法，故 D 项正确。 51.C。解析：推断题。根据第二段 Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch off.可知作者赞同 有目标，有兴趣的学习，故选 C。 52.C。解析：细节题。根据第四段 When you hate your work it's very difficult to make yourself star, or approach it with any kind of structure or enthusiasm.可知作者认为没有兴趣的学习是低效的， 所以有学习的兴趣才能有高效的学习，故选 C。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 217 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届湖北省部分重点中学高三】 E People in their sixties should go to university to retrain because they will be expected to work for longer before retirement, the Government has suggested. Older workers who take courses to keep their skills up-to-date will be more likely to keep their jobs, claims David Willetts, the higher education minister. He said the age limit on student loans to cover tuition fees had been lifted, making a degree course “great value” for older people. His comments followed a government report which found that the country's future economic success would depend on the skills and contributions of older workers. One in four people will be older than 65 by 2033 and economists have warned thatthe ageing population will place a heavy burden on taxpayers unless more people work for longer. The state pension age is to rise to 67 by 2028. Ministers have warned that they have no idea when younger workers in their thirties will be able to retire. Mr Willetts, who is accompanying David Cameron in India, urged workers older than 60 to give further education serious consideration.“There is certainly a pressure for continuing to get retrained and upskilled，”he said.“Higher education has an economic benefit in that if you stay up-to-date with knowledge and skills you will be more employable.” Mr Willetts said a university course had “wider” benefits, making people more likely to lead healthy lives.“Education is such a good thing that it is not reserved for only younger people，” he said.“ There will be people of all ages who will want to study. There is great value in lifelong learning.” Under previous rules, students in England would get a loan to cover tuition fees only if they were younger than 54. Latest figures showed that only 1,940 undergraduates starting courses last year were older than 60, out of a total of 552,240 students in Britain. Some 6,455 were aged between 50 and 60, according to the Higher Education Statistics Agency. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 218 67．We can learn from Paragraphs 1 & 2 that older workers ________. A．have no chance to get a loan to cover tuition fees B．may hold back the country's future economic success C．are encouraged to go back to university and retrain D．should be retrained after retirement 68．According to the passage, a person who is over ________ years old can draw a pension in 2028 in Britain. A．54 B．67 C．65 D．60 69．What does Mr Willetts think of education? A．People of all ages can receive different education. B. There is no need for workers older than 60 to receive further education. C．University courses have nothing to do with a healthy life. D．Education is only provided for younger people. 70．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Britain: entering the ageing state B．Over60s are told: go back to university and retrain C．The situation of education in Britain D．The system of pension in Britain 解析： 67.选 C 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，政府鼓励老人进大学再充电。第二段内容说老龄工人充电的 好处，故 C项正确。根据第一段中的“because they will be expected to work for longer before ret irement” 可知 D 项错误；根据第二段中的“He said the age limit on student loans to cover tuiti on fees had been lifted, making a degree course ‘great value’ for older people.”可知 B项错 误；根据第二段最后一句可知 A 项错误。 68. 选 B。 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The state pension age is to rise to 67 by 2028.” 可知 B 项正确。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 219 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届湖北省部分重点中学高三】C. There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit of whisky(威士忌)at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle. When Queen Victoria visited the castle in 1873, she wrote in her diary, “I never saw a lovelier spot ,” And she didn’t even go fishing. Scotland is not easily defined. In certain moments, this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes. When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light ,the rivers, filling with fish, can turn into streams of gold . As you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of River Orchy, near the Inverlochy castle , any frustration（烦恼）will float away as gently as the circling water. It’s just you and purple , pink ,white flowers, seeking a perfect harmony . If you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basics from a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetime’s fun. For many, fishing is more than a sport; it is an art. Scotland offers interesting place where you can rest after a long day’s fishing. Set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland , the beautiful Inverlochy Castle Hotel below the Nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of Scotland’s mountains . Ben Nevis is the highest of all British mountains , and reaching its 1342-metre top is a challenge . But it’s not just what goes up that matters; what comes down is unique . More than 900 metres high, on the mountain’s north face, lies an all-important source of pure water. Its name comes form the Gaelic (盖尔特) language “usqueb” or “water of life”; And it is the single most important ingredient(原料) in Scotland’s best-known drink: whisky. 59. How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A. By giving descriptions. B. By following time order. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 220 C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons. 60. What is Ben Nevis special for? A. The Inverlochy Castle Hotel. B. The beauty of its surroundings. C. The water from the mountain. D. The challenge up to its top. 61. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce Scottish traditions to tourists. B. To show the attractions of Scotland to readers. C. To explore geographical characteristics of Scotland. D. To describe the pleasures of life in Scotland。 62. The story of Queen Victoria is to show that _____. A. the Queen is rich in tour experience B. the Castle is a good place to go in Scotland C. tasting whisky is better than going fishing D. 1873 is a special year for the Queen 61. 选 B，B 和 D 选项让我在做的时候，斟酌了很久。除了 C 项“探究苏格兰地理特征”和 A 项“介绍苏格 兰风俗”错得比较明显，其他 2 个就要仔细比较了。注意这两个单词：D项的“show the attraction”，B 项的“describe”。表面上作者确是在描写苏格兰生活的悠闲生活，并非只是描写生活在苏格兰的乐趣而 已。更深层次的目的是：他分别用了两段、浓墨重彩给游人介绍两个威廉堡最独特的吸引：渔趣和泉水酿 的酒。这两个事、物是如此独特，足以让威廉堡与众不同。所以想及此，果断选了 B，证明判断正确。 62. 选B，第一段是提纲挈领介绍苏格兰高地威廉堡的两大不可错过的事，而列举维多利亚女王的事例，完 全是为了说明威廉堡是个好地方，而且，女王甚至还没有体会垂钓之乐，都写下了“I never saw a lovelier spot ”，可见该地确实是值得去的好地儿。 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届广东省广州市海珠区高三摸底】C 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 221 Google has started Google Science Fair (GSF) 2014, its annual online competition for bright, creative and ambitious teenagers who want to change the world with science. While the project is led by Google, it also has the support of the Lego Group and world-famous publications National Geographic and Scientific American. The competition is open for students aged 13 to 18, who can sign-up now, form a team and begin working on a submission(提交申请). The winner will be rewarded with a ten-day exploration to the Galapagos Islands aboard the National Geographic Endeavor, as well as a VIP tour of “Spaceport America” in New Mexico. Google is also throwing in a $50,000 scholarship and $10,000 for the winner’s school to purchase cutting-edge science lab equipment. Google suggests that each project should be “an in-depth investigation of a science question or engineering problem” but otherwise, it’s up to students to pick and develop an idea that follows the competition rules. Completed projects need to be submitted by May 12, 2014 at 11:59 PDT. Google will announce the regional competitors in June, ahead of global finalists in August and the competition winners in September. Interested? Here are the rules. If you want to enter the competition as an individual, you should register first. Complete requested information about yourself and your project in the registration section before creating your project. You may edit this later. Click the box stating that you have read, accept, and agree to be bound by these Official Rules and Terms. Upon completion of registration you may begin working on your project. The project must follow the technical, creative, and legal entry requirements set out in these Official Rules and the Googlesciencefair.com Site. You will be required to complete all sections of the Project Site. You may begin working on your project after completing the registration process, however, you may not submit it for judging until you have requested and received parental consent (允 许). Once you have done this, your parent or guardian will receive an email from Google with instructions on how they can give their consent for you to participate. The project will not be judged unless this consent is received. 36. From the first paragraph, we can learn that . A. GSF is a science competition B. teenagers should form a team C. every teenager can take part in it D. GSF is organized by Google alone 37. If you win in the competition, you will get the following except . A. a ten-day exploration to the Galapagos Islands B. a tour of “Spaceport America” in New Mexico 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 222 C. a sum of scholarship of $50,000 D. a school equipped with advanced science labs 38. If you plan to enter GSF alone, . A. you should create your project as the first step B. you needn’t follow the official rules at all C. you should provide some personal information D. you should start your project before registration 39. What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph? A. Parental consent. B. Submission time. C. Registration process. D. Project requirements. 40. The main purpose of the passage is to . A. explain problems on how to enter GSF B. provide information about GSF C. persuade teenagers to enter GSF D. tell us the importance of GSF 解析：文章讲述了关于 GSF 的相关信息 36, 选 A，第一段中第一句最后 change the world with science 可知 37，选 D，D 项错在 原文是 cutting-edge lab equipment 38, 选 C，排除法 39 选 A，通过读最后一段 能很容易的知道 中心是 parental conset 40, 选 B，A,C,D 太片面 文化教育类 【英语卷(解析）·2015 届浙江省温州市十校联合体（温州中学等）联考】B The aims of the Illustrators’ (插图画家的) Exhibition, staged as part of the Bologna Children’s Book Fair, organized by BolognaFiere and held from 23to 26 December 2011, are to bring illustrators and publishers together and to promote illustrators and their works among publishers. QUALIFICATIONS •Individual illustrators or groups of illustrators of any nationality, if they were born before 31st December 1992, whose artwork is intended for use in children’s books, are qualified to enter the Exhibition, either directly or through publishing houses or schools. •Please state in the application form whether you are entering work for the Fiction or Nonfiction Category. Illustrators may only enter one category. •Artwork previously presented to the Exhibition may not be re-entered. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 223 •The confirmation (确认) form must be filled in and a photograph attached, then presented together with illustrations no later than 15 October 2011. SHIPMENT Entries may be delivered by post, express delivery service or by hand. From abroad, please use the following forms: Form “A” for registered mail or post by air; Form “B” if using an international forwarding agent or airline. To avoid delays, material should not be sent by normal post. Material should be sent “carriage paid”, including any customs and delivery costs. BolognaFiere may not be held responsible for the non-arrival or late arrival of artwork. All published works must be accompanied by a declaration bearing the ISBN number, publisher’s name and address. REQUIREMENTS The illustrations (i.e. the size of the sheet) must not exceed (超过) the following dimensions: Fiction: 32×42 cm (or 42 × 32 cm) Non-fiction: 50 ×70 cm (70 × 50cm) Illustrations in larger formats will not be considered, nor will they be returned by BolognaFiere. The illustrations must be on paper or flexible board, maximum thickness 2mm (for scanner separation purposes). SELECTION PROCESS All artwork received by the stated deadline and meeting the specified requirements will be examined and selected by an international group (whose decision is final), including five members (from publishing house and art schools) appointed each year by BolognaFiere. EXHIBITIONS ABROAD After the Bologna event, the Illustrators Exhibition will travel to Japan under the supervision of JBBY. The Illustrators Exhibition may afterwards be transferred to other venues(场馆) in other countries. The exhibitions of illustrations held abroad follow the same rules and regulations as the Illustrators Exhibition, and the provisions (条款) of the regulations are extended to the organizers of the exhibitions held abroad. RETURN OF ARTWORK 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 224 All the works will be returned to their owners by BolognaFiere or directly by the organizers of the exhibitions and held abroad by the end of July 2013. 46. Which of the following of the Illustrators’ Exhibition is true? A. It will last five days in all in July every other year. B. It is intended for college students who are good at painting. C. It is held by the Bologna Children’s Book Fair in BolognaFiere. D. It can strengthen the relationship between illustrators and publishers. 47. The illustrators of the Illustrators Exhibition __________. A. should be at least 16 and no more than 25 B. may re-enter their artwork after it is returned C. should state the category of their artwork clearly D. may choose to attach a photo to the application form 48. What is BolognaFiere responsible for? A. Paying for the delivery costs B. Late arrival of artwork C. Confirmation of ISBN number D. Returning the illustrators’ works 49. The illustrators’ works will not be considered if they . A. are received after the day of 15 October 2011 B. are smaller than the required size C. have already been published abroad before D. don’t meet the demands of the international experts 【文章大意】本文介绍了由 bolognafie 举办的插图画家作品展从 2012 年 12 月 23 日至 26 日举行，是儿童 书展的一部分，其目的是将画家和出版商联系在一起，在出版商间推介插图画家及其作品。 47.C 细节题：从 QUALIFICATIONS（资格）内容中 state in the application form whether you are entering work for the Fiction or Nonfiction Category 与答案 C 吻合。而从 Artwork previously presented to 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 225 the Exhibition may not be re-entered判断B为错误表述。从 The confirmation(确认) form must be filled in and a photograph attached 判断 D 为错误表述,故选 C。 48.D 细节题：由 BolognaFiere may not be held responsible for the non-arrival or late arrival of artwork 可以排除 B，而由最后一段 All the works will be returned to their owners by BolognaFiere 可以得知 BolognaFiere 负责的是归还插图画家的作品，正确答案为 D。 49.A 细节题：从 QUALIFICATIONS（资格）内容中 ... then presented together with illustrations no later than 15 October 2011 可知推断插图画家的作品最迟不能超过 2011 年 10 月 15 日，故选 A答案。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届浙江省绍兴一中高三】B The image of a veiled（用面纱遮盖）bride walking down the aisle on her father's arm could become a thing of the past as a growing trend for 'feminist（女权主义者）weddings' has been detected among modern brides to be. Doing away with the engagement ring, choosing not to be 'given away like property' and wearing a colour other than white are key themes gaining traction（牵引力） in the feminist wedding trend. The findings, revealed in a survey of 200 brides to be, revealed that almost a quarter of women planned on keeping their maiden name after marriage, while one in 10 were planning to wear a colour other than white on their wedding day. Traditions such as the wearing of an engagement ring are also increasingly being rejected by brides who feel it is anti-feminist - with such an obvious token（记号） to be worn on the finger marking the woman in question as 'taken'. However, while there is undoubtedly a stirring among young brides to be, parents can take comfort in the fact that while some women are beginning to push back against the patriarchy（家 长制）, the majority are still keen to uphold certain traditions, with 76 per cent of brides saying they really would like their father to walk them down the aisle. Elki Parmar of Wedding Days.co.uk, who conducted the survey, said: “Some of the brides we have spoken to are doing things that they feel make their wedding more 'feminist'. That could be reflected by deciding not be given away, the idea being that one of the connotations of this tradition is that the woman is property to be given away. Other brides are choosing not to wear white on their wedding day as a woman’s white wedding dress traditionally carries connotations 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 226 （含义）of virginal innocence whereas what the groom wears on his wedding day is not perceived （意识到） to be symbolic, creating somewhat of an imbalance from some feminist perspectives”. 59．Which of the following is not the symbol of traditional wedding? A．The bride wears bridal veil. B．The bride walks down the aisle on her father’s arm. C．The bride wears the engagement ring. D．The bride wears a color other than white. 60．Why do the brides reject to wear an engagement ring according to the passage? A．Because it is too cheap. B．Because it is not made of gold. C．Because they don’t want to marry their husband. D．Because it makes the women I question as “taken”. 61．What can we learn from the survey in Paragraph 2? A．More than 200 brides were investigated． B．Half of the brides won’t change their last name after marriage to their husband. C．10% of them prefer to wear a color other than white on their wedding day. D．No one wants to wear an engagement ring. 62．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．The tendency mentioned in the passage is becoming more and more popular. B．Some women are beginning to push back against their parents. C．The majority of brides don’t like their father to walk them down the aisle. D．Some brides regard wearing white on their wedding day as a symbol of unequal between men and women. 【文章大意】文章主要讲述了女权主义者不一样的婚礼观。现在也来越多的女性在自己的婚礼上，用特别 的、反传统的方式宣扬着“女权主义”。不需要订婚戒指、不愿意像私有财产一样“被交付于谁”、不选 择白色的婚纱作为婚礼服。 【答案解析】 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 227 59.D。解析：细节理解题 根据第一段第一句 The image of a veiled（用面纱遮盖）bride walking down the aisle on her father's arm 排除 A和 B；第二段 Doing away with the engagement ring 女权主义者不要 结婚戒指，结婚戒指是传统婚礼的。 60.D。解析：细节理解题 根据第四段 Traditions such as the wearing of an engagement ring are also increasingly being rejected by brides who feel it is anti-feminist - with such an obvious token （记号） to be worn on the finger marking the woman in question as 'taken' 61.C。解析：细节理解题 根据第三段 A 错在多用了 more than; a quarter of women planned on keeping their maiden name after marriage 四分之一，而不是 B 选项的一半；while one in 10 were planning to wear a colour other than white on their wedding day. 十分之一，也就是 C 选项的 10%，故 C 正确。 62.C。解析：细节理解题 根据倒数第二段最后一句 with 76 per cent of brides saying they really would like their father to walk them down the aisle.选 C。10%的新娘说她们想挽着父亲的手走进教堂。 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届浙江省“温州八校”联考】D Dear Malia and Sasha, I know that you've both had a lot of fun these last two years on the campaign trail, going to picnics and parades and state fairs, eating all sorts of junk food your mother and I probably shouldn't have let you have. But I also know that it hasn't always been easy for you and Mom, and that as excited as you both are about that new puppy, it doesn't make up for all the time we've been apart. I know how much I've missed these past two years, and today I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family on this journey. When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me—about how I'd make my way in the world, become successful, and get the things I want. But then the two of you came into my world with all your curiosity and mischief and those smiles that never fail to fill my heart and light up my day. And suddenly, all my big plans for myself didn't seem so important anymore. I soon found that the greatest joy in my life was the joy I saw in yours. And I realized that my own life wouldn't count for much unless I was able to ensure that you had every opportunity for happiness and fulfillment in yours. In the end, girls, that's why I ran for President: because of what I want for you and for every child in this nation. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 228 I want all our children to go to schools worthy of their potential—schools that challenge them, inspire them, and instill in them a sense of wonder about the world around them. I want them to have the chance to go to college—even if their parents aren't rich. And I want them to get good jobs: jobs that pay well and give them benefits like health care, jobs that let them spend time with their own kids and retire with dignity. I want us to push the boundaries of discovery so that you'll live to see new technologies and inventions that improve our lives and make our planet cleaner and safer. And I want us to push our own human boundaries to reach beyond the divides of race and region, gender and religion that keep us from seeing the best in each other. Sometimes we have to send our young men and women into war and other dangerous situations to protect our country—but when we do, I want to make sure that it is only for a very good reason, that we try our best to settle our differences with others peacefully, and that we do everything possible to keep our servicemen and women safe. And I want every child to understand that the blessings these brave Americans fight for are not free—that with the great privilege of being a citizen of this nation comes great responsibility. That was the lesson your grandmother tried to teach me when I was your age, reading me the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence and telling me about the men and women who marched for equality because they believed those words put to paper two centuries ago should mean something. She helped me understand that America is great not because it is perfect but because it can always be made better—and that the unfinished work of perfecting our union falls to each of us. It's a charge we pass on to our children, coming closer with each new generation to what we know America should be. I hope both of you will take up that work, righting the wrongs that you see and working to give others the chances you've had. Not just because you have an obligation to give something back to this country that has given our family so much—although you do have that obligation. But because you have an obligation to yourself. Because it is only when you hitch your wagon to something larger than yourself that you will realize your true potential. These are the things I want for you—to grow up in a world with no limits on your dreams and no achievements beyond your reach, and to grow into compassionate, committed women who will help 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 229 build that world. And I want every child to have the same chances to learn and dream and grow and thrive that you girls have. That's why I've taken our family on this great adventure. I am so proud of both of you. I love you more than you can ever know. And I am grateful every day for your patience, poise, grace, and humor as we prepare to start our new life together in the White House. Love, Dad 55. Who was most probably the writer? A. A headmaster managing a primary school. B. A candidate to run for President of U.S.A. C. A manager running international business. D. A commander experiencing a war in a foreign country. 56. What does the underlined word “journey” (Paragraph 1) really mean? A. a trip to a place of interest B. a process to bring up their children C. a campaign to run for the president D. a visit to their hometown to meet their grandmother 57. What do we know about Malia and Sasha’s grandmother? A. She had a perfect way to educate children. B. She encouraged the writer to join the army. C. She bought a lovely puppy for her grandchildren. D. She often read the Declaration of Independence to her grandchildren. 58. From the letter we can learn that the writer was ________. A. kind and hesitant B. ambitious and considerate C. selfish but merciful D. successful but stubborn 59. According to the letter, which of the following is NOT true? A. The writer and his two daughters had been apart for a long time. B. The writer hoped that his daughters would live up to his great expectations. C. The only way to settle the differences in the world is through violence. D. There still exist some divides of race and region, gender and religion somewhere in the world. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 230 60. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the letter? A. Encouraging his daughters to run for President in the future. B. Explaining the whole international situation to his daughters. C. Educating his daughters how to defend their country. D. Apologizing to his daughters for his not being able to stay together with them for such a long time. 【文章大意】本文是美国的总统奥巴马给他的两个女儿的信, 在信中他讲述了自己年轻时的生活, 以及当 他的两个孩子出世之后对他的影响, 他希望她们能够为社会做出自己的努力和贡献。 56.C 猜测词意。根据第一段最后一句话所提到 I know how much I've missed these past two years, and today I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family on this journey. 可知我知道这两年我错过了很多，今天我告诉你们，我向你们说说为什么带你们走上这趟旅程，故选 C 竞 选总统的这次旅程。 57.A 细节理解题。根据第七段提到 She helped me understand that America is great not because it is perfect but because it can always be made better—and that the unfinished work of perfecting our union falls to each of us. It's a charge we pass on to our children, coming closer with each new generation to what we know America should be 她让我了解到美国很伟大不是因为它完美而是因为我们 可以不断让它变得更好，未竟的工作就落在我们每个人的身上，这是交给我们孩子的责任，美国就更接近 我们的理想，可知选 A 项。 58.B 细节推断题。根据第二段提到 When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me—about how I'd make my way in the world, become successful, and get the things I want.可知他很有理想 与抱负，与女儿分享自己的想法，故选 B 项。 59.C 细节理解题。根据第五段提到 Sometimes we have to send our young men and women into war and other dangerous situations to protect our country—but when we do, I want to make sure that it is only for a very good reason, that we try our best to settle our differences with others peacefully, and that we do everything possible to keep our servicemen and women safe.有时为了保护国家，我 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 231 们不得不把青年男女派到战场或更危险的地方去，然而我们这样做时，确保我们尽了全力以和平方式化解 与他人的争执，故选 C 项错误； 60.D 主旨大意。从信件的内容可以看出作者是多么深爱自己的女儿，可贵的是作者把自己的爱女之心扩展 到所有儿童，可以看出作者胸怀国家和天下。信件用大段内容陈述了作为身兼总统和父亲双重角色的奥巴 马深知自己的责任，故选 D 项。 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届浙江省“温州八校”联考】C Birthdays often involve surprises. But this year's surprise on the birthday of the great British playwright William Shakespeare is surely one of the most dramatic. On April 22, one day before his 441st birthday anniversary, experts discovered that one of the most recognizable portraits of William Shakespeare is a fake. This means that we no longer have a good idea of what Shakespeare looked like. “It's very possible that many pictures of Shakespeare might be unreliable because many of them are copies of this one,” said an expert from Britain's National Portrait Gallery. The discovery comes after four months of testing using X-rays, ultraviolet light, microphotography and paint samples. The experts from the gallery say the image —commonly known as the “Flower portrait”— was actually painted in the 1800s, about two centuries after Shakespeare's death. The art experts who work at the gallery say they also used modern chemistry technology to check the paint on the picture. These checks found traces of paint dating from about 1814. Shakespeare died in 1616, and the date that appears on the portrait is 1609. “We now think the portrait dates back to around 1818 to 1840. This was when there was a renewed interest in Shakespeare's plays,” Tarnya Cooper, the gallery's curator (馆长), told the Associated President. The fake picture has often been used as a cover for collections of his plays. It is called the Flower portrait because one of its owners, Desmond Flower, gave it to the Royal Shakespeare Company. “There have always been questions about the painting,” said David Howells, curator for the Royal Shakespeare Company. “Now we know the truth, we can put the image in its proper place in the history of Shakespearean portraiture.” Two other images of Shakespeare, are also being studied as part of the investigation and the results will come out later this month.________. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 232 50. What makes the birthday of Shakespeare dramatic this year? A. It was found that he painted a portrait in 1814 instead of in 1609. B. The Flower portrait has been found to be a fake. C. Three portraits of Shakespeare are being tested to identify a real one. D. It was found that there was a renewed interest in Shakespeare's plays around 1818 to 1840. 51. Which statement is True according to the passage? A. Portraits of Shakespeare are all unreliable. B. “Flower portrait” was a portrait of Shakespeare given to Desmond Flower. C. 1814 might be when the portrait was drawn. D. The Flower portrait is not often used as a cover for Shakespeare's play. 52. How many methods were used to test the portrait? A. Not mentioned. B. Two C. Three D. At least four. 53. The best title for this passage is ________. A. Birthdays often involve surprises B. The surprise on the 441st birthday of Shakespeare C. One portrait of Shakespeare is a fake D. How can we know Shakespeare's appearance? 54. Which is the best sentence to fill in the blank in the last paragraph? A. Soon we'll know which portrait is reliable. B. Maybe we cannot find a real portrait of Shakespeare. C. If the two portraits are found to be false, they will test more. D. For now what Shakespeare really looked like will remain a mystery. 【文章大意】文章讲述了在莎士比亚的第 441 个周年纪念日中，专家们发现最具认可度的莎士比亚画像原 来是假的，并讲述了理由及至少四种测量的方法。现如今，莎士比亚到底什么样子仍然是一个谜。 【答案解析】 50.B 细节题。从第以自然最后一句及第二自然段中 experts discovered that one of the most recognizable portraits of William Shakespeare is a fake.可知使莎士比亚的周年纪念日戏剧性的是他的画像是假的。 故选 B 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 233 51.C 细节判断题。由第二段最后一句，莎士比亚的许多画像都是仿照这一副画的，所以有可能都是假的， 而并非一定是假的，排除 A。第五段第二句，因为他的所有者 Desmond Flower 把它送给了皇家莎士比亚公 司，所以被称为 the Flower Portrait .排除 B。由第三段倒数第二句，可知 C 正确。从第五自然段第一句 可知，正好与 D 相反，这幅画常常作为莎士比亚话剧集的封面。 52.D 细节题。从第三段 The discovery comes after four months of testing using X-rays, ultraviolet light, microphotography and paint samples.可知至少有四种方法来检测这个画像。故选 D 53.B 主旨题。文章主要是提到了在莎士比亚第 441 个周年纪念日时，公布他的画像是假的，以此让很多都 感到很惊讶，故选 B 54.C 推断题。最后一段另外的两幅他的画像也正在进行检查，结果要到这个月底才能揭晓，所以可知，到 现在为止莎士比亚到底是什么样子仍然是个谜，故选 D 最符合。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届云南省玉溪一中高三月考】D Starting a bank a child’s play? Absolutely, if you ask some enterprising youngsters in India, who have not only managed to establish one, but also, unlike many of the large International banks, run it successfully since 2001. What’s even more impressive is that the young bankers and their 90,004---clients(委托人) are all homeless! The Children’s Development Khazana (treasure) opened its first branch in 2001 at a homeless shelter in New Deli as a way to help the street children protect their hard-earned money from thieves. Since then, the idea has caught on like wildfire. Today, Khazana has 12 branches all across New Deli, with a total of Rupees 12lakh (about 22,000USD) in deposits. Not only that, there are now 77 branches in other parts of Asia, ranging from Nepal, Bangladesh and Afghanistan to the island of Sri Lanka, and even Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia. While no deposit or balance is too small for the bank, they do have strict regulations about where the money is earned from. Funds obtained by begging or selling drugs are not welcomed at this bank ! Also, unlike the real banks, all employees are volunteers , which means that they go to school or a paying job during the day and work at the bank in the evening. To ensure that everybody gets a chance to participate in running the branch, two volunteer managers are elected from the clients base every six months. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 234 Karan, the current manager is just 14-year-old. During the day he earns a living by helping out the cleaning workmates at wedding banquets and other big parties. In the evening, he handles the deposits（存款）and withdrawals（取款）in the bank. After the bank closes, he along with an adult volunteer from the shelter head over to a regular bank and deposit the funds collected into Khazana’s interest-bearing bank account and though it started with one single purpose. The Children’s Development Khazana is today a well-developed bank, one kids can not only deposit money which earns them 5% interest, but also, request loans for family emergencies, to start a business or even to pay for school. 33. The initial aim of starting the Children’s Development Khazana is to______. A. provide for jobs for homeless children B. help homeless families with emergencies C. sponsor homeless children to go to school D. safeguard homeless children’s hard-earned money 34. The children’s Development Khazana is different from regular banks in that_______. A. all its workers are street children B. it pays its customers no interest C. customers can be made its managers D. it opens in the evening six month a year 35. According to the passage, the Children’s Development Khazana________. A. welcomes all money, however small it is B. offers more and better service than before C. is run by a 14-year-old boy, Karan alone D. has more than 70 branches across India 【文章大意】本文主要讲述印度创建儿童银行，对于培养孩子的理财意识非常有必要，而且介绍了该银行 是如何操作和运转的。 34 C。解析：推理题，根据第四段可知该银行不同于其他商业银行之处就是它的职员都是志愿者，而且顾 客可以管理该银行，故选 C。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 235 35. B。解析：推理题。通读全文，根据文章的最后一段，该银行从存钱、取钱到贷款，故该银行提供了更 多、更好的服务，故选 B。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届江西省师大附中等五校高三第一次联考】A Educating Girls Is a Real Lifesaver Clare Short knows it. Every developing economist knows it. The World Bank knows it. The education of girls is the surest way to reduce poverty. The reason is simple. All the evidence shows that taking girls out of the fields and homes, and putting them behind desks, raises economic productivity, lowers infant and maternal(产妇) death rates, reduces birth rates, and improves environmental management. Why, then, are 90 million primary school-age girls around the world not in school? For the same reason that when Charles Dickens was writing David Copperfield 150 years ago girls were absent from the British education system: Men in power mostly prefer it that way, or are not interested enough in changing the situation to commit energy and money to doing so. The countries with the poorest record for having women in positions of power or influence have the worst figures for girls’ education. High-profile intervention(介入) by organizations such as the World Bank has begun successfully with several countries, and more of the same will probably be needed to bring change in conservative, male-run states. Even if there were no development payoff from gender equality in schools, the education of girls would still be a cause worth fighting for. Education is a human right, and the denial of it to girls is a scar on the community in the twenty-first century. To be born a girl in a rural area in Nepal, Pakistan, Indonesia, Morocco, Togo, or Sudan — half a dozen of the most shameful performers — means being condemned to a life without school, education, or clean water, marriage and babies coming too early, too many births, children who die of preventable diseases, backbreaking work in the fields, subordination(从属) to husband and his family, and an early death. Every year, almost 12 million children under the age of five needlessly die of infectious diseases associated with poverty. But each additional year spent by their mothers in primary school 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 236 lowers the risk of premature child deaths by about 8 percent. In Pakistan, an extra year of school for 1,000 girls could prevent sixty infant deaths. With women and girls being the main farmers in Africa and southern Asia, their education offers a chance to develop more efficient farming practices, improve output, and raise awareness of the ecological needs of the land with tree planting and farming. Therefore, the world community cannot afford to ignore this avenue of change. 56. Which is Not the reason why educating girls reduces poverty? A. It improves environmental management. B. It raises economic productivity. C. It creates more children. D. It lowers maternal death rates. 57. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The poor economy at that time. B. Girls’ absence from school. C. Energy and money. D. The education of girls. 58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The countries where women have great influence and are in power always do worse in girls’ education. B. Some organizations such as the World Bank haven’t taken the lead in girls’ education. C. Some girls in Sudan and Indonesia are bound to live a life without education when they are born. D. Each extra year of school for girls has nothing to do with the birthrate and maternal deaths. 59. How many more infants will survive when 100 girls stay in school for another year? A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 12 60. What does the author think of girls’ education? A. essential B. terrible C. indifferent D. Helpless 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 237 57.B。解析：细节题，根据第三段…absent from the British education system 判断选 B。 58.C。解析：综合题。根据文章的第六段判断 C 符合文意。 59.B。解析。细节题。根据第七段的 In Pakistan, an extra year of school for 1,000 girls could prevent sixty infant deaths 可知 B是正确的。 60.A。解析：概括题。通读全文，特别是最后一段，可以看出作者认为加强女孩的教育史必要的故选 A。A 必要的；B可怕的；C 冷淡的；D无助的。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届江西省南昌二中高三上学期第一次考试】D There is no denying that for more than a generation college education has been accepted without the slightest doubt. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go. But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the fierce competition so as to get admitted into graduate schools. Others find no stimulation (激励) in their studies, and consequently have to drop out, which is often encouraged by college administrators. Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves--they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation（谴责）of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 238 army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either. Some campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy(玫瑰般的) glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent,ambitious, happy,liberal, or quick to learn things—maybe it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异 端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to come up. 55. According to the first paragraph, ___________________. A. people now no longer challenge college education. B. people still have a low opinion of college education. C. the author thinks youngsters should all go to college. D. people have great expectations for college education. 56. More young people drop out of college because _________. A. they are no longer motivated in their studies. B. they can start selling shoes and driving taxis. C. they compete for admission to graduate schools. D. college administrators encourage them to do so. 57. Who does the author think is to blame for campus unhappiness? A. young students who are all spoiled and expecting too much. B. our society that can’t offer enough jobs to college graduates. C. our society that has not enough jobs for high school graduates. D. young people as well as our society are to blame for all this. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 239 56. A。解析：细节题 根据第二段最后一句 Others find no stimulation (激励) in their studies, and consequently have to drop out, which is often encouraged by college administrators.主要原因在 学生在学习中受不到激励而辍学。容易误选 D。 57. D。解析：判断推理题 根据第三段第二句和第三句“But that’s a condemnation（谴责）of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. 但是，总得来说，这只是对学生的一种谴责，而无法解释所有的校园不幸。 其他人则会怪罪于现状，当然这也并不全错。”可判断出作者认为大学校园不幸是学生和社会造成的。 58. C。解析：细节题 根据最后一段第二句 We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy(玫瑰般的) glow of our own remembered college experiences. 也许我们一直都颠倒地看待了调查与统计的数据，这也似乎都是源于我们自己记忆中的美好 的绚丽多彩的大学生活 59. B。解析：句意猜测题 划线前后句关系：否定前者，肯定后者，由此可猜测出划线部分的意思“也许 恰恰应该倒过来说” 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 240 60. C。解析：主旨大意题 通读全文和第二段的句子：But college can never work its magic for everyone. 大学并不是在每个人身上都能实现它的魔力。可知这篇文章是对于大学是否是年轻人的第一选择提出争议。 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届河北省石家庄二中高三开学考试（201408）】A Guide to Stockholm University Library Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment. Zones The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work. Computers You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers, you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor. Group-study places If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps. There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week. Storage of Study Material The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period. Rules to be Followed Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 241 Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 1. The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to . A. read in a quiet place B. have group discussions C. take comfortable seats D. get their computers fixed 2. Library computers on the ground floor __________. A. help students with their field experiments B. are for those who want to access the wi-fi C. contain software necessary for schoolwork D. are mostly used for filling out application forms 3. What condition should be met to book a group-study room? A. Group must consist of 8 people. B. One should have an active University account. C. Three-hour use per day is the minimum. D. Applicants must mark the room on the map. 4. A student can rent a locker in the library if he ____________. A. has earned the required credits B. attends certain course C. has nowhere to put his books D. can afford the rental fee 5. What should NOT be brought into the library? A. Mobile phones. B. Orange juice. C. Candy. D. Sandwiches. 【文章大意】本文介绍了瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学图书馆的一些具体情况的接受，以及这所图书馆的一些规则。 【答案解析】 1.A 细节题。根据文章第 1 部分 The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.可知在这里你可以安静地 进行阅读，故 A 正确。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 242 2. C 推理题。根据文章第 2 部分 your can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office 可知这些电脑里都一些常有的软件，如 Microsoft Office 可知这些软件都是处理作业所必备的软件。故 B 正确。 3.B 推理题。根据文章第三部分 To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week. 可知如果你想预订一 各团队学习的房间，你要有一个活跃的学校账号和大学的卡。这也就意味着你要在大学里注册，成为这个 大学的学生才可以预订。故 C 正确。 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届河北省衡水中学高三小一调】D The world is filled with smart，talented and gifted people．We meet them every day．A few days ago，my car was not running well．I pulled it into a garage，and the young mechanic had it fixed in just a few minutes．He knew what was wrong by simply listening to the engine．I was amazed．The sad truth is，great talent is not enough． I am constantly shocked at how little talented people earn．I heard the other day that less than 5 percent of Americans earn more than $100，000 a year．A business consultant who specializes in the medical trade was telling me how many doctors and dentists struggle financially．It was this business consultant who gave me the phrase，“They are one skill away from great wealth．” There is an old saying that goes，“Job means ‘just over broke（破产）’”．And unfortunately， I would say that the saying applies to millions of people．Because school does not think financial intelligence is intelligence，most workers“ live within their means”．They work and they pay the bills．Instead I recommend young people to seek work for what they will learn，more than what they will earn． When I ask the classes I teach，“How many of you can cook a better hamburger than McDonald’s?” almost all the students raise their hands．I then ask，“So if most of you can cook a better hamburger， 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 243 how come McDonald’s makes more money than you?” The answer is obvious: McDonald’s is excellent at business systems．The reason why so many talented people are poor is that they focus on building a better hamburger and know little or nothing about business systems．The world is filled with talented poor people ．They focus on perfecting their skills at building a better hamburger rather than the skills of selling and delivering the hamburger． 32．The author mentions the mechanic in the first paragraph that ． A．he is just one of the talented people B．he is ready to help others C．he has a sharp sense of hearing D．he knows little about car repairing 33．The underlined part in the third paragraph can be best replaced by ． A．spend more than they can afford B．do in their own way C．live in their own circle D．live within what they earn 34．Why do talented people earn so 1ittle according to the author? A．They don’t work hard enough B．They lack financial intelligence C．They don’t make full use of their talents D．They have no specialized skills． 35．The main purpose of the author is to tell us ． A．how young people can find a satisfactory job B．what schools should teach students C．why so many talented people are poor D．how McDonald’s makes much money 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 244 【文章大意】本文叙述了许多有才华的人却挣的很少很原因。作者通过汽车修理工很快修好了他的车，感 到汽车修理工是有才华的人，但是他挣得少。在美国很多有才华的人挣得都很少。原因就是他们没有金融 才干和商业知识，不能更好的把自己推销出去，只会挣得只够花的。 【答案解析】 32.A 推理判断题。根据第一段的 The sad truth is that great talent is not enough．可知作者认为自 己的才能不足，因此觉得那个汽车修理工是一个有才华的人。故选 A。 33.D 词义猜测题。根据第三段的 They work and they pay the bills．可知很多人工作了，却付账单，等 于是说工作赚的钱又花出去了，生活的花费不要超过自己所赚的钱的范围，要在这个以内。故选 D。 34.B推理判断题。根据最后一段的 They focus on perfecting their skills at building a better hamburger rather than the skills of selling and delivering the hamburger.可知很多人挣的少是因为没有金融 知识和推销能力。故选 B。 35.C 推理判断题。根据第二段的 I am constantly shocked at how little talented people earn 可知全 文是围绕着为什么这么多有才华的人却挣的这么少来展开的。故选 C。 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届河北省衡水中学高三小一调考试】B However urban life strikes you, cities worldwide have been growing every day。However urban life strikes you, cities worldwide have been growing ever more rapidly. Some of this growth has occurred in the developed world, but the most dramatic increase has been in the Third World. Almost all the world’s population growth over the next 30 years will take place in the cities of developing countries By the year 2030, for the first time in history, 60 percent of the world’s people will be living in cities. This is actually good news in some ways. “Cities are the fundamental building blocks of prosperity,” says Marc Weiss, chairman of the Prague Institute for Global Urban Development, “ both for the nation and for families.” Industrial and commercial activities in urban areas account for between 50 and 80 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) in most countries of the world“ there’s the crazy notion that the way to deal with a city’s problems is to keep people out of them,”Weiss continued. “But the problems of the rural life are even more serious than those of the city.” For better or worse, urban-watchers are clear on one point: The quality of life for most people in the future will be determined by the quality of cities. Those cities 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 245 will be bigger than ever. And yet, population numbers by themselves don’t determine a city’s prospects; after all, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Hamburg, Germany, have the same population. Nor is explosive growth necessarily the determining factor. “City problems,” one authority points out, “mostly have to do with weak, ineffective, and usually unrepresentative city governments.” 25.In the author’s opinion, _________. A．better city, better life B．both urban and rural areas have a larger population C．the larger population, the faster a city develops D．both urban and rural areas have larger gross domestic products 26.Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? A．The developing countries develop faster than the developed countries. B．Cities contribute more to the GDP than the villagers. C．Some problems are more easily solved in cities than in country. D．It’s impossible to solve urban problems by getting people out of cities. 27.The last paragraph implies that ____________. A．Public services are ineffective. B．Cities are increasing too fast. C．Population is not linked with development. D．Government should be responsible for the problems in the cities. 26.A 排除题：第二段的句子：Industrial and commercial activities in urban areas account for between 50 and 80 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) in most countries of the world 可知 B 是 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 246 对的，这句话 population numbers by themselves don’t determine a city’s prospects; after all, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Hamburg, Germany, have the same population.可知 C 是对的，这句话： there’s the crazy notion that the way to deal with a city’s problems is to keep people out of them,可知 D 是对的，选 A。 27.D 推理题：从最后一句话：“City problems,” one authority points out, “mostly have to do with weak, ineffective, and usually unrepresentative city governments.”可知政府应该为城市问题负责。 选 D 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届广西桂林中学高三月考】(C) “People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before,” says Patsy Rowe, “ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达).” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people don’t wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint（抱怨）about the noise. Here are some examples of rudeness. Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous（匿名的） rude messages by email. However, rudeness is never acceptable. Don’t assume it is OK to be rude if the person you’re in touch with won’t recognize you. If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting. We shouldn′t blame technology for our shortcomings. Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings. People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we′d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them. 27. What can be infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 247 A. People can tell good from bad behavior. B. Radar is able to observe human behavior. C. Radar can be used to predict human behavior. D. People care little about their behavior. 28. Some people are less willing to deal with humans because _______. A. they are growing too independent B. they are becoming less patient C. they have to handle many important messages D. they have to follow an evolutionary step backward. 29. The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is _______. A. ridiculous B. acceptable C. disgusting D. reasonable 30. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Technology will take over lives one day. B. Technology can never be blamed C. We should keep pointing out mistakes. D. We should applaud good behavior. 【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了随着生活节奏的加快，人们变得越来越无礼，很多人不再关心礼貌问题。 现在有越来越多人喜欢借助于电子产品来做一切事情，比如用手机匿名的恶意的短信。但是如论如何，这 种粗鲁的行为是不可接受的，出现这个问题，我们需要谴责的不是这些电子产品，而是要不断检查我们自 己的行为，认识到什么才是正确的行为习惯。 【答案解析】 27.D 推理题。联系前文 People are ruder today，当今人们比以前更粗鲁了，及下文描述，可知选 D ， 人们不太关心他们的行为了。 28.B 根据第二段 To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. 描 述，可知他们对于真实的人打交道变得更没耐心了。故选 B 。 29.C 细节题。根据倒数第二段 Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting. 描 述，可知用匿名的短信骚扰别人是残忍的和令人讨厌的，故选 C 。 30.D 主旨题。这段主要试讲我们应该了解我们的缺点，但是如果公开的认可好的行为习惯，将会更有帮助， 故选 D ，我们应该鼓励好的行为 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 248 【英语卷（解析）·2015 届河北省邯郸市馆陶县一中高三调研考试】 B Many people have tried to simplify (简化) the spelling of English words. Unlike other languages, English sometimes spells the same sounds in very different ways. For example, there is "light" but "white", "loan" but "phone", and there are at least seven different ways of pronouncing "ough": "though", "through", "bough"," cough", "enough", "ought" and "thorough"． The American President Theodore Roosevelt almost succeeded in simplifying English spelling. In 1906,Andrew Carnegie started the Simplified Spelling Board. He was one of the richest men in the United States of America. The board's plan was to make the spelling of words nearer to the way they sound. For example, the word "though" would be spelt "tho" and "through" would become "thru"． Other people on the board were Melvil Dewey, the head of the New York libraries, and Professor Brander Matthews of Columbia University. They explained their idea to President Roosevelt, who thought that it was indeed logical. He immediately asked the government printer to use simplified spelling in all government letters. But people didn't like the change, even if it made life easier. So the new simpler spelling was not popular. More importantly, when the American politicians (政客) discussed the plan, they did not like it either. Because Roosevelt did not want to have any problems with the politicians, he changed his mind and told the printer to go back to the old way of spelling. Since then no one in any government has dared to simplify English spelling. However,people do simplify some words, mainly in advertisements. For example, we often see "tonite" instead of "tonight" and "thru" instead of "through"． 25.Many people have tried to simplify English spelling because________. A.English words are too long to remember B. there are many mistakes in English words C. lots of words are spelt in many different ways D. sometimes the same sounds have different spellings. 26.Who is NOT a member of the Simplified Spelling Board? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 249 A.Andrew Carnegie. B. Melvil Dewey. C. Theodore Roosevelt. D. Brander Matthews. 27.What was Theodore Roosevelt's attitude towards simplified spelling? A .Worried. B. Supportive. C. Uncertain. D. Doubtful. 28.According to the passage, simplified spelling________. A. was welcomed by the US politicians B. changed the way the words sound C. has been used widely for over a century D. was first used in US government letters. 26 C 解析： 根据第二段中提到 Andrew Carnegie started the Simplified Spelling Board.可知 Andrew Carnegie 参与这个组织，再根据 Other people on the board were Melvil Dewey, the head of the New York libraries, and Professor Brander Matthews of Columbia University.可知没有 C选项。 27 B 解析：根据第二段最后一句话 He immediately asked the government printer to use simplified spelling in all government letters 可知，简化拼写首先是在美国政府信函中使用的 28 D 解析根据第三段最后 More importantly, when the American politicians (政客) discussed the plan, they did not like it either.可知，Roosevelt 改变了主意，拼写改革计划最终失败了 【英语卷（解析）·2014 届江苏省南京市金陵中学高三第四次模拟考试】C. Primary schools could be told to remove some traditional subject-based lessons and replace them with “personal development” classes to encourage children to improve their social and 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 250 practical skill. Parents, teachers and pupils, who took part in the investigation carried out for the biggest ever official review of the primary curriculum, argued that the number of subjects taught to very young people should be reduced. The review, being conducted by the government’s school’s director Sir Jim Rose, will consider how to redesign the primary school day to handle concerns that too many pupils leave primary school unable to read, write and do maths at the level expected of them. It will also address criticisms that pupils are expected to study so many subjects there is little time for creative learning. The 60 focus groups brought together 1,500 parents, pupils and school staff and is expected to heavily influence the thinking of the Rose review, which the government is promising to back. Instead of a broad range of subjects, pupils should study in-depth literacy and maths lessons alongside a more creative curriculum that encourages pupils to develop personal, learning and thinking skills, they say. Such lessons might include “healthy lifestyles, sex and relationships education, drugs and alcohol education”. “Child and personal development as priorities have been shamefully neglected in recent years in the rush to hit targets in the basics.” John Bangs, head of education at the National Union of Teachers, said, “The worst thing would be to evaluate child development through the current high stakes testing system. That would weaken the capacity of teachers to meet children’s unique needs.” However, the shadow schools minister, Nick Gibb, said, “If lessons on lifestyle are given the same status as traditional subjects, it is the most disadvantaged children who will be worst affected.” “Children are not able to personally develop and succeed in the future if they don’t have a grasp of basic subjects such as maths and English early on in primary school. Removing high requirement from the primary curriculum would increase the inequality gap between less well-off pupils and the rest.” Nick added. A spokeswoman for the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) said, “This is a summary of stake holder’s view, not the views of the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority or the DCSF, and has been submitted to Sir Jim Rose’s review as evidence to consider.” 62. According to the focus groups, the result of learning too many subjects is most likely to be that __________. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 251 A. children may not have any freedom B. children may not have enough time for personal interest C. children may not know anything outside the classroom D. children may not have creative ability 63. Which of the following is False about the review conducted by Sir Jim Rose? A. It will greatly influence the country’s future primary curriculum. B. It will remove high requirement from the primary curriculum. C. It is supported by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority or the DCSF. D. It needs to take fully into account varied views from the society. 64. John Bangs’s attitude towards the current high stakes testing system is __________. A. negative B. positive C. uncertain D. cautious 65. According to Nick Gibb, grasp of basic subjects early on in primary school is important for _______. A. the primary curriculum reform B. children’s development in the future C. children’s educational equality D. increasing the children’s confidence 解析： 62.选 D，细节题，根据文章第二段，最后一句话：It will also address criticisms that pupils are expected to study so many subjects there is little time for creative learning. 63.选 C，细节题，根据文章最后一句话：A spokeswoman for the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) said, “This is a summary of stake holder’s view, not the views of the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority or the DCSF, and has been submitted to Sir Jim Rose’s review as evidence to consider.” 64.选 A，态度推断题，根据倒数第二段，关键是倒数第二句话：“The worst thing would be to evaluate child development through the current high stakes testing system. 65.选 B，根据最后一段第二句话：“Children are not able to personally develop and succeed in the future if they don’t have a grasp of basic subjects such as maths and English early on in primary school. 【英语卷(解析)·2015 届广东省广州市海珠区高三摸底考试】D 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 252 At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don’t act on your impulse（冲动）, but let it pass instead. You know that to take the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious(注意形象的) society like the U.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”. It’s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the only reason for America’s fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising. 41. From the passage we can infer taboo is . A. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible B. a crime committed on impulse 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 253 C. behavior considered unacceptable in society’s eyes D. an unfavorable impression left on other people 42. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat” in American society. A. will always remain a taboo B. is not considered a taboo by most people C. has been a taboo long before D. may no longer be a taboo some day 43. The topic of fat is many other taboo subjects. A. the same as B. different from C. more boring than D. less often talked about than 44. In the U.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”, this means . A. thin is “inside”, fat is “outside” B. thin is “diligent”, fat is “lazy” C. thin is “youthful”, fat is “spiritless” D. thin is “fashionable”, fat is “unfashionable” 45. The main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is . A. their changed life-style B. their eagerness to stay thin and healthy C. their appreciation of the importance of exercise D. the encouragement they have received from their companies 解析：文章讲述了在美国关于 taboo 中关于肥胖的有关信息。 41，选 C，由第二段第二句“topics such as death…”可以推出答案 42，选 D，第三段第三句“It’s not taboo to talk about”可推出答案 43，选 B，第三段第二句“Unlike many other taboos”可推出答案 44，选 D，第三段倒数后三句可推知答案 45，选 B，最后一段倒数后两句可推知答案 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 254 拓展试题及其解析 1 In a world where storing wealth is considered the norm, giving money to complete strangers seems like a unreasonable idea. Yet, for the hundreds who have taken part in Free Money Day since its beginnings in 2011, there is a knowing that greater sharing is needed in this world. More than this, our experiences on Free Money Day(each September 15) confirm that people feel more comfortable giving, than receiving. In 2014, for example, Jennifer Hinton said it took her and three friends over an hour to give away 35 Euros in Athens, Greece. It’s true that few are willing to jump straight into the vulnerability of receiving from a stranger. So we encourage Free Money Day participants to use a simple technique: suggest to receivers that they keep half the money you’re giving them, and pass the other half on to someone else. This technique increases people’s willingness to engage in the experiment, and makes people feel a need to view the giving as legitimate(合法的), which in turn legitimizes the receiving. Perhaps many Free Money Day participants have reported unwillingness to receive partly because we have a cultural connotation that receiving help is linked with weakness. Also it can come, in part, from generosity for others, and the caring ethic that the Free Money Day experiment hopes to grow. Also it may come from a deeper belief: that we are not worthy of love and support, especially not from people who we’ve never helped. Additionally, insecure people feel unable to fully receive the riches they’ve been given and yet, when people are supported and loved, they tend to naturally give with generosity. Thus, what can you do to encourage people to receive more willingly? Perhaps they will feel your heart. And, if so, what a wonderful opportunity for growth because the expression “give and ye shall receive” should actually be reversed: receive, and you shall give. As we become more able to receive love, we’re more able to give in a healthy way. 46. In Paragraph 1, Jennifer Hinton’s finding is mentioned just to show that . A. giving strangers money is a strange idea B. people tend to prefer giving to receiving C. it’s more necessary for people to learn to share D. more and more people are unwilling to receive 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 255 47. According to the text, Free Money Day . A. is intended for homeless people B. takes place in September every year C. is meant to build a more secure society D. aims to prove people’s unwillingness to receive 48. According to Hinton, when given free money, people would most probably say “ ”. A. It is really nice of you to give me so much help B. Don’t worry and I’ll pass part of it to someone else C. Please give it to someone who needs it more than me D. Thank you, and would you please give me more 49. In the author’s opinion, how can we make one willing to help others? A. By ensuring he feels secure emotionally. B. By increasing his ability to receive help. C. By teaching him healthy ways of giving. D. By convincing him giving is related to receiving. 47. B 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，Free Money Day 是每年的九月十五日。因此正确答案为 B 项。 48. C 推理判断题。文章第二、三段是对 Jennifer Hinton 事例背后原因的具体阐述，人们不愿意接受他人 的施舍，据此可判断 C 项正确。 49. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知教会一个人接受他人帮助是让他学会助人的最好方法，故 选 B 项。 考点：议论文阅读 2 Restaurant chefs, home cooks, and foodies — people who love good food — often say that we eat with all of our senses. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 256 First, we use our sense of sight to appreciate how a meal is presented, either on a dinner plate or a dining table. Our sense of touch can also be important when preparing or sharing food. Next, with our sense of smell, we breathe in the mouth-watering aromas (香味) rising up from the meal. Finally, we enjoy the food with our sense of taste. But what about our sense of hearing? Does sound also affect our dining experience? A new report answers, “yes, it does.” That answer comes from researchers at Brigham Young University in the United States. They found that hearing is important in the eating experience. Hearing is often called “the forgotten food sense,” says Ryan Elder, “if people notice the sound the food makes as they eat it, they might eat less.” On the other hand, watching loud television or listening to loud music while eating can hide such noises. And this could lead to overeating. The researchers admit that the effects may not seem like much at one meal. But over a week, a month, or a year, all that food can really add up. But besides not overeating, there is another upside. Hearing the noises of your meal as you eat, could help you to be more mindful of the experience and perhaps help you to enjoy it more. 【文章大意】 本文告诉人们享用食物时，会用到五种感觉：视觉、触觉、听觉、嗅觉和味觉；并着重说明 了听觉对人们进食量的影响。 25. How many senses are involved in enjoying foods? A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 25. C【命题意图】归纳总结题。 【解题思路】根据第二段、第三段和第四段可知：人们享用食物时，涉及到五种感觉——the sense of sight, the sense of touch, the sense of hearing, the sense of smell 和 the sense of taste。 故 C项正确。 26. The underlined phrase “such noises” in the seventh paragraph refers to _______. A. the noises food being eaten makes B. the noises people hear while eating C. the loud music people hear while eating D. the noises from TV while people eat 26. A【命题意图】细节理解题。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 257 【解题思路】根据第六、七段的内容可知，such noises 指上一段中“people notice the sound the food makes as they eat it”中的 the sound。故 A 项“食物在被食用时所发出的噪音”为正确答案。 27. Which sense does the passage mainly analyze when it comes to appreciating food? A. The sense of taste B. The sense of hearing C. The sense of touch D. The sense of smell 27. B【命题意图】归纳理解题。 【解题思路】从第四段开始至最后一段都在分析听觉对人们享用食物的影响。故 B 项正确。 字数：248 3 “Helicopter parenting” describes a style of raising children where parents are over-protective and do too much. The term was used for the first time in the nineteen sixties. It describes parents who hover (盘旋) over their kids at home and at the playground like a helicopter. Today, modern technology allows these helicopter parents to hover from even far away. Author Julie Lythcott-Haims wrote a book titled How to Raise an Adult. In her book, she gives readers a closer look at this parenting style. She also explains why parents should stop it. She experienced the effects of helicopter parenting firsthand when she worked as dean (主 任) of first year students at Stanford University. The incoming students were very smart and accomplished on paper. But many were unable to take care of themselves. “They were turning to parents constantly for guidance, for problem solving, to have them make the choice about something.” Lythcott-Haims warns this kind of parenting has many short-term wins but long-term costs that harm the child. She uses an area common to most children – a playground. Lythcott-Haims suggests letting your child get a little hurt. “If you’re at the playground next to them, if they fall or slip, you’re right there to catch them and they do not suffer, you know, the bruised (擦伤的) knee or whatever it might be. If you’re helping with your kid’s homework, they are going to get better grade. Those are the short-term wins. The long-term cost is ― if your kid doesn’t learn how to manage their own body on a playground, which is a lesson only learned by falling a few times ― they don’t learn the long-term lesson.” 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 258 If you do your child’s homework, it will be perfect. That is what she calls the short-term win. The long-term cost is that your child may not feel capable. And they may not become a persistent (坚持不懈的) learner, meaning they will give up easily when faced with a difficult problem to solve. “When kids have all the skills to take care of themselves,” Lythcott-Haims said, “they will be prepared for adulthood.” 【文章大意】“直升机式”家长的培养模式对孩子成长的益处是短期的，但是过度保护的害处是长期的， 并且是惨痛的。因此专家建议：让孩子经受该受的挫折，为他们长大成人做好准备。 28. The bad result of “helicopter parenting” is _______. A. doing too much for your child. B. experiencing the effects of helicopter parenting. C. being very smart and accomplished on paper D. being unable to look after themselves. 28. D【命题意图】细节理解题。 【解题思路】各选项的意义分别是：A 项“为孩子做的太多”，这是“直升机式”培养模式的一种做法， 而非不良影响；B 项“体验‘直升机式’培养模式的作用”；C 项“在书面形式上，非常聪明，学业 成绩很好”；D项“不会照顾自己”。再结合第四段最后一句可知答案为 D。 29. If a child falls on the playground, the right way is _______. A. to help the kid stand up. B. to get the kid to stand up on his/her own. C. to give them much attention not to be hurt. D. to support your kid all the time. 29. B【命题意图】推理判断题。 30. The reason why your child doesn’t feel capable is that _______. A. he is really incapable. B. he relies on others too much. C. he doesn’t study hard enough. D. you do too much for him. 30. D【命题意图】细节理解题。 【解题思路】根据第七段“如果你帮助孩子做作业，他们的成绩会更好。这是短期的益处；但长期的 害处是孩子会感到自己没有能力做任何事情”可知，D 项“因为你帮他做的过多”正确。其他选项与 “直升机式”的培养模式无关，故正确答案为 D。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 259 31. What can we learn from the passage about how to raise our children? A. Let our children face and do anything alone as much as possible. B. We should learn to be wise parents. C. Try to face and do anything alone as much as possible. D. We shouldn’t give our child a hand. 31 A【命题意图】主旨大意题。 【解题思路】文章的主旨是：让孩子经受该受的挫折、亲自做自己该做的事情。B 项“我们应该做明智 的家长”概念模糊；C 项“设法尽可能地独立面对并处理任何事情”动作发出者不明确；D 项 “我们 不应该帮助孩子”不合常理。故 A 项“让孩子尽可能地独立面对并处理任何事情”为正确答案。 字数：365 4 Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg spoke Chinese for about 30 minutes in a talk at Tsinghua University, which surprised Chinese students. Clayton Dube, head of the U.S.-China Institute, praises Zuckerberg's effort. "To speak Chinese means you begin to think as Chinese people do, which is vital if you're to be culturally competent." Zuckerberg's talk raises a larger question: is Chinese the language of the future? Could it replace English as the world's international language? Chinese already has the most native speakers. And China may soon pass the US as the world's largest economy. The study of Chinese is increasing around the world. In 2009, about 60,000 American college students were studying Chinese. "As China rises you can expect more people will adopt the language. But I don't think Chinese is going to replace English.” says Clayton Dube. "American movies, music, television, video games have wide audiences. So far China's success in this field has been very limited. It doesn't have a huge following outside China." Andres Martinez, a famous professor, says English, with its association with freedom, will remain the global language." In many languages, the "you" form is different depending on the person you're talking to .But in English if I'm talking to President Obama or if I'm talking to my closest friend or my son, it’s ‘you.'" Chinese is also a more difficult language to learn, which would take a native English speaker 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 260 2,200 hours to reach professional fluency. Chinese grammar is much simpler, but Chinese has a tone and writing system that is more difficult for adult learners to master. A survey by Gallup showed for most Americans, Brits, and Australians, learning a foreign language is a choice, not a necessity. China Daily estimates that 400 million Chinese are studying English. That means China has more English learners than the U.S. has English speakers. 文章大意：最近，脸书创始人马克•扎克伯格在清华大学的讲话中向中国学生讲起了汉语，这不仅让学生们 非常惊讶，同时也引出了一个更大的问题：汉语将是未来的语言吗？在本文中作者讲述了人们的一些观点 和看法。 25. The main idea of the passage is _______. A. why Chinese is becoming popular B. whether Chinese will take the place of English C. what makes English a global language D. the great importance of the Chinese language B 主旨大意题。文章以马克•扎克伯格用汉语演讲这件事引出话题，然后在下文中讲述了一些人们的看法， 由此判断作者主要讨论“汉语是否会取代英语而成为世界语言”这一问题，选 B。 26. Which factor may prevent the development of the Chinese language? A. The population of speaking Chinese. B. Its complicated grammar. C. China's limited success in films or music overseas. D. Its diverse dialects. 27. More foreigners begin to learn English because_____. A. Chinese is going to replace English B. Chinese is easy to learn C. Mark Zukerberg’s speech influences them D. people are aware of the importance of Chinese D 推理判断题。由文章第二段....which is vital if you're to be culturally competent.和第五段 As China rises you can expect more people will adopt the language.可以判断随着中国经济的发展，汉语的重 要性将增加，掌握汉语对人们来说是一种优势，故选 D。 28. From Andres Martinez’ words, we know that he thinks English ______. A. can show the idea of equality B. is superior to other languages 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 261 C. can be easy to learn D. has many forms of “you” 5 The Internet plays a big part in human life. We use it for work and entertainment. We can find new recipes on the Internet or advice on staying healthy. We can even use it to learn a new language. We use the Internet to connect with family and friends and stay in touch with issues we care about. The list goes on and on. As far as the Internet being a part of our lives – well, that train has left the station. That expression means there is no going back. If you prefer boating, you can say that ship has sailed. So, there may be no going back to an Internet-free life. But can using the Internet too much be bad for our health? It might be, say researchers. Study results show that teens who spend at least 14 hours a week online were more likely to have high blood pressure. High blood pressure makes your heart and blood vessels work too hard. Over time, this extra strain increases your risk of a heart attack or stroke. High blood pressure can also cause heart and kidney disease. It is also closely linked to some forms of dementia, a brain disease. Dementia is marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and a reduced ability to reason. Let’s introduce something about the study of it. The Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan did the study. It involved 335 young people, from 14 to 17 years old. One hundred thirty-four of the teens were described as "heavy Internet users." Researchers found that out of these 134 teens, 26 had high blood pressure. The researchers say the study is the first to connect heavy web use and high blood pressure Other research has connected that heavy Internet use with health problems including anxiety, depression and obesity. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 262 The lead researcher of the study is Andrea Cassidy-Bushrow. In a statement she said, "Using the Internet is part of our daily life but it shouldn’t consume us." For the purpose of the study, she explains, teens considered heavy Internet users were online on "average 25 hours a week." Ms. Cassidy-Bushrow adds that it is important for teens to take "regular breaks from their computers or smartphones" and to do some "kind of physical activity." She also suggests that parents limit their children’s use of the Internet to two hours a day, five days a week. 试题分析：因特网如此有用并且融入我们的生活，以至于没有它,我们的生活是不可想象的。但是过度使用， 它会导致多种健康问题。科研人员建议青少年每周网游五天，每天两小时。 28. The first two paragraphs mean that _________. A. the list of the function of the Internet is too long to be endless B. the Internet has too many uses to count C. the number of the people in the world use the Internet too many to count D. the list of the uses of the Internet is being lengthened day by day B。 细节理解题。由第一句“The Internet plays a big part in human life.”和第二段“The list goes on and on.可知，B项 符合题意。 29. The reason of increasing people’s risk of a heart attack or stroke is that _______. A. they use the internet too much B. they pay little attention to their health C. high blood pressure makes their heart and blood vessels work too hard D. using the internet too much makes their heart and blood vessels work too hard C。 细节理解题。由第七段“high blood pressure makes their heart and blood vessels work too hard。 Over time，this extra strain increases your risk of a heart attack or stroke。高血压使得 人们的心脏和血管超负荷运行。长此与往，这种超负荷运行会增加心脏病发生的风险机率。” 可知 C 项正确。 30. Which of the following may using the Internet too much contribute to besides teenagers’ high blood pressure? A. Anxiety, depression and obesity B. Memory disorders, and personality changes C. Dementia, a brain disease D. A heart attack or stroke 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 263 A。细节理解题。根据第十一段：“科研人员说研究结果表明过度使用因特网首先导致高血压。其它研究结 果表明还可导致其它健康问题，诸如：忧虑、情绪低落和肥胖”，故 A项正确。 31. Ms. Cassidy-Bushrow suggests that the proper time children spend using the Internet should be ______. A. 25 hours a week B. 10 hours a week C. two hours a day D. 14 hour a week B。 细节理解题。根据最后一段：“她还建议家长应该把孩子使用因特网时间限制在每天两小时，每周五天。” 故 B 项正确。 字数：398 出处：http://www.kekenet.com/broadcast/201510/404039.shtml 6 On the third Sunday in June, Americans take time to recognize and thank a special person in the family — fathers! Father’s Day celebrates the importance of fathers, young and old, and the men thought of as father figures. ＂Like father, like son＂ is probably the most common father expression. It means a boy is very much like his father, and sons often do what their fathers did before them. This can be a good thing or a bad thing. The words ＂the child is father of the man＂ come from the William Wordsworth’s poem ＂My Heart Leaps Up＂. It means people’s personalities form when they are children. They will most likely have the same qualities as an adult that they had as a child. Used in everyday speech, one could say, ＂In his case, the child was father of the man; he loved nature as a child and now works as a botanist(植物学家).＂ Let’s say you want to tell a child a story about something that happened long before they were born. You could say it happened when they ＂were just a twinkle in their father’s eyes＂. This expression has a humorous and dreamy feel. Here, the word ＂twinkle＂ suggests the interest your father had in your mother. When a much older man is interested in a much younger woman and supports her with his money, he is called her ＂sugar daddy＂. The money part is very important — that’s the sugar. The relationship between a man and his son can be complicated. But the relationship between a father and daughter is often simpler. The expression ＂daddy’s little girl＂ is understood to mean that, in a father’s eyes, his daughter can do no wrong. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 264 There is usually not a dry eye at any wedding during the traditional father-and-daughter dance, especially if they are dancing to a song like Michael Buble’s ＂Daddy’s Little Girl＂. 25. If a boy behaves just like his father, we can say__________. A. ＂he is just a twinkle in his father’s eyes＂ B. ＂he is his sugar daddy＂ C. ＂like father, like son＂ D. ＂the child is father of the man＂ C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的＂It means a boy is very much like his father, and sons often do what their fathers did before them. This can be a good thing or a bad thing.＂(意思是男孩很像他的 父亲，儿子通常会做父亲以前在他们面前做过的事，这可能是好事，也可能是坏事)可知，如果一个男孩很 像他的父亲，人们通常说＂有其父必有其子＂，故选 C。 26.What do you know about ＂the child is father of the man＂? A. A child is often spoiled by his father. B. People’s character are formed when young. C. A boy will become a father when growing up. D. A child always shows his true nature. B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，＂the child is father of the man＂(三岁看老)常指人们的 性格形成于儿童时期，人们长大后的性格很可能和小时候一样，故选 B。 27. According to the text, the song ＂Daddy’s Little Girl＂ is likely to be_________. A. moving B. sorrowful C. crazy D. funny A 推理判断题。根据文章末段可知人们在婚礼上伴着歌曲《Daddy’s Little Girl》跳舞时没有不哭的， 由此推断这首歌曲是很令人动情的，故选 A。 28. The author writes this text mainly to _________. A. introduce the origin of Father’s Day B. show a boy should respect his father C. explain the importance of fathers D. tell people several expressions about father D 目的意图题。文章主要介绍了一些有关父亲的习语和表达，故选 D。 字数：312 7 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 265 Cardiovascular disease(心血管疾病) is the main cause of early death in China and many developing countries. Studies show that it kills more than 17 million people around the world every year. In the next 15 years that number is expected to rise to 23 million. These deaths are, for the most part, preventable. At a recent agreement signing ceremony in Washington D.C., Douglas Boyle made a speech. He said the partnership can help people live longer and healthier lives. The agreement between the American Heart Association and China has three main parts. It calls for increasing opportunities for researchers, health care providers and public health specialists in the U.S. to meet with those in China. The agreement also seeks the sharing of cardiovascular research. And, finally, it calls for training in China of life-saving techniques such as CPR. CPR can restart a stopped heart. It has helped lower death rates from heart disease in the United States by 30 percent. Improvements in medical science and educational campaigns about preventing heart disease also played a part. The question is, will a by-stander in China give CPR to a complete stranger having a heart attack? Several media reports have suggested people in China may be resistant to helping strangers in medical emergencies. This could be because the person helping can be held legally responsible for damage to the injured person. Some relevant reports once went viral on the web. In a very short time millions of people read and made comments on them. These incidents may be few, but they draw attention to a lacking area of China’s legal system. China does not have a national Good Samaritan law. Good Samaritan laws protect people who aid others in medical need. 【文章大意】美国心脏病协会和中国于最近签署了一份协议。这份协议的签订可能会减少中国以及其他发 展中国家因心脏病和中风而死亡的人数。 29. What do you know about cardiovascular disease from the text? A. It is incurable. B. It is deadly. C. It is caused by overweight. D. It is universal in the U.S. 30. We can infer that American public health specialists will_________. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 266 A. have more chances to communicate with those in China B. do more experiments in the lab C. give training to the doctors around the world D. share their personal experiences with the world A 推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句可知该协议呼吁要增加美国的研究人员、公共健康专家等与中国的研 究人员、专家等进行会面的机会，故选 A。 31.People in China might hesitate to carry out CPR to a stranger probably because__________. A. they haven’t grasp this technique B. CPR is difficult to carry out C. they are afraid to get into trouble D. CPR is not fit for the Chinese C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的末句可知，有些人不愿意在遇到紧急情况时对陌生人施行急救，这可能 是因为施救者害怕会承担法律责任，故选 C。 32. Which of the following can probably replace the underlined words ＂went viral＂ in the last paragraph? A. Disappeared finally. B. Found immediately. C. Ignored completely. D. Spread quickly. D 词义猜测题。根据后句＂In a very short time millions of people read and made comments on them.＂ 可以判断此处是表示这些相关报道传播得很快，故选 D。 6 In this season for thanks and giving, even the most thoughtful children may not offer much gratitude for what they receive. And you’d be wise not to expect it. All the research I’ve done has convinced me that it’s not going to happen. As parents, we don’t consider our holiday gifts an “exchange relationship” since we know the time, money, and effort we put in to buy them. But kids have a different view. One mom told me that when she asked her 16-year-old son to thank her for buying him a cellphone, he said, “But that’s what moms should do, isn’t it?” From a teenager’s view, it’s a parent’s responsibility to take care of the family, and playing Santa is part of the job. According to Yarrow Dunham, Yale’s assistant professor of Psychology, “When teenagers code it that way, a gift is no longer something given freely and voluntarily — it’s just mom and dad’s living up to their obligation.” Kids can’t know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison. We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view. Take them to a soup kitchen instead of to the mall. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 267 Become the secret Santa for a needy family. Show by example that gratitude isn’t about stuff — which ultimately can’t make any of us happy anyway. It’s about realizing how lucky you are. Set up a family ritual at bedtime where kids describe three things that made them grateful. When kids go off to college, you can text them a picture of something that inspires your appreciation each week. Whether it’s a friend, a snowflake, or a sunset, the spirit of the photos will help you and them see the world differently. Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the goodness in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them. And we can all learn together that the things that really matter aren’t on sale at a department store. 32. Children express no thanks for gifts because _______. A. they regard them as an “exchange relationship” B. they think badly of the gifts C. children are not as considerate as adults D. gifts are not what they expect A。推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“As parents, we don’t consider our holiday gifts an ‘exchange relationship’ since we know the time, money, and effort we put in to buy them. But kids have a different view.” 以 及 文 章 第 三 段 首 句“From a teenager’s view, it’s a parent’s responsibility to take care of the family”可知答案选 A。 33. Parents should make the kids know how blessed they are by _______. A. buying them a cellphone B. becoming the secret Santa for a needy family C. taking them to a soap factory instead of to the mall D. texting them a picture of something that inspires your appreciation each week B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Kids can’t know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison. We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view. Take them to a soup kitchen instead of to the mall. Become the secret Santa for a needy family. Show by example that gratitude isn’t about stuff”可知 B 项内容符合题意。C 项内容错误，A 项和 D 项 都与本题无关。所以答案选 B。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 268 34. To make children grateful for what they have, parents should _______. A. set an example to children B. teach them not to care about gifts C. ask children to cook themselves D. describe things they are grateful for A。推理判断题。根据文章第五段中第二、三句“When kids go off to college, you can text them a picture of something that inspires your appreciation each week. Whether it’s a friend, a snowflake, or a sunset, the spirit of the photos will help you and them see the world differently. ” 可推知 A 项正确。故答案选 A。 35. As far as the author is concerned, no gifts are greater than _______. A. helping kids see the world differently B. learning together things that matter C. teaching kids to think positively D. making kids realize they are lucky C。细节理解题。根据文章末段中的“Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the goodness in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them.”可知 C 项正确。故答 案选 C。 字数：331 7 In the past decade the number of people living past 100 has increased by 71 percent. While one expert believed this figure will continue to rise, he stated that anyone hoping to live for double or triple（三倍） this time will be disappointed. Speaking at a conference, Colin Blakemore, 70, a British scientist, claimed there is a ceiling on how long humans can live, and six score years “might be a real absolute limit to human lifespan.” A group of scientists discussed the future of medicine, global health concerns and life expectancy. It agreed that medicines will have a limited impact on extending human life, and it was more important to improve the health and quality of life for older people, rather than prolonging it. The group also stated it was important to improve the life expectancy in poorer areas where people typically die much younger than other areas. The 2014 Global Age Watch Index（全球年龄指数）, which ranks 96 nations on the quality of life for the elderly, recently stated that by 2050, the number of over 60s will be 21 percent of the global population. This is almost double the current figure of 12 percent. The percentage of over-80s is growing fastest, too --- expected to rise from two percent now to four percent of the global population by 2050. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 269 While it could take years of research to extend humans’ lives, the study raises the possibility of anti-ageing treatments in a new way, according to Dr Kapahi. The research, reported in the journal Cell Reports, may explain why it has proved so difficult to identify single genes(基因) responsible for the long lives enjoyed by humans. “It’s quite probable that interactions between genes are critical in those fortunate enough to live very long, healthy lives,” said Dr Kapahi. Future research is expected to use mice to see if the same effects occur in mammals. 21.How many years can man live according to Colin Blakemore? A. 120 years B. 200 years C. 130 years D. 150 years A 细节理解题。根据文章首段末句中的 six score years ‘might be a real absolute limit to human lifespan’可知 Colin Blakemore 认为人的寿命是有上限的，而 120 岁很可能就是这个上限，故选 A。 22. The underlined word “prolonging” in Paragraph 2 probably means_____. A. limit B. enjoy C. shorten D. lengthen D 词义猜测题。根据前半句内容可知人们都认为药物对延长人类寿命的影响是有限的，对于老年人来说，与 其延长寿命，不如改善健康情况，提升生活质量。句中的 extending human life 是信息词，故选 D。 23.According to the passage, we can know_____. A. by 2050, the number of over 80s will rise by four percent B. people can depend on medicine for long life in the future C. scientists will use mice to do further research D. the research was carried out by the journal Cell Reports C 细节理解题。根据文章末段中的“Future research is expected to use mice to see if the same effects occur in mammals. ”可知研究人员将用老鼠来进行进一步的研究，故选 C。 24.Where can you find this passage? A. A travel journal. B. A science fiction. C. A health report. D. An economic report. C 推理判断题。文章介绍了科学家的最新研究—人类寿命的上限是 120 岁，这属于人类生命健康话题，故 选 C。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 270 8 When Beijing is hit by smog, residents often joke that the Chinese capital needs to build giant fans to clear out the polluted air. Mountains to the north and west help trap smog in the city, and a strong wind from Mongolia is the surest way to ensure cleaner air. Beijing officials are now considering ways to help that process. Though giant fans are not on the menu, at least not yet, city planners are looking at ways to create corridors (走廊)that encourage wind flow through the capital. The plan is inspired by research on urban heat islands, which shows that large buildings that block the wind are one of the causes of higher average temperatures in cities as opposed to those in the countryside. “This isn’t controlling pollution. It’s shifting the problem.” Wang Bing, a Beijing-based author, wrote on Sina Weibo. But the plan has received some interest from residents who have grown tired of repeated periods of heavy pollution. Peng Yingdeng, an air pollution expert at the Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, told the newspaper that the plan was more likely to require an adjustment of related laws to limit building heights and numbers in some areas. Similar proposals are under consideration in other major Chinese cities including Hangzhou, Nanjing, Shenyang and Wuhan. “This kind of work to search for ways to reduce pollution is really worth applauding,” the state-run news agency Xinhua said in a commentary. “If scientists confirm it is effective, then we should promote it on a much larger scale.” Some experts have expressed doubts whether the plan would make a significant difference. Serious pollution is usually associated with periods of little or no wind, and air corridors do little good if the wind isn’t blowing, Song Guojun, an environmental science professor told The Beijing News. Solving the air pollution problem mainly requires controlling pollution sources. 【文章大意】在北京经历严重的雾霾天气时，居民们经常开玩笑说：北京需要竖立一些巨型风扇来把这 种有毒的空气吹走。而目前相关部门正在考虑开辟一些能让风吹过北京的廊道来推动这一过程，但是对此 也有人持质疑态度。 25. Why do people say “the Chinese capital needs to build giant fans”? A. Because the weather in Beijing is very hot. B. Because they think air corridors are a good idea. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 271 C. Because Beijing is surrounded by mountains. D. Because the pollution is too serious. 26. What is Wang Bing’ s attitude towards the construction of air corridors? A. Disapproval. B. Supportive. C. Cautious. D. Optimistic. A 态度观点题。由文章第三段中的“This isn’t controlling pollution. It’s shifting the problem.” 可知 Wang Bing 不赞同这种措施，选 A。 27. Using air corridors to solve pollution problem largely depends on ______. A. electricity B. wind C. technology D. laws B 推理判断题。在第一段提出人们希望能用巨型风扇把有毒的空气吹走，然后在第二段介绍城市规划部门正 在考虑开辟风道来应对污染问题，而文章末段又提出如果没有风刮过，那么风道对解决空气污染几乎起不 到什么作用，选 B。 28. What is the solution to pollution problem according to Song Guojun? A. To build giants fans. B. To construct air corridors. C. To control pollution sources. D. To take the cars off the road. C 细节理解题。从文章末段中的 “…solving the air pollution problem mainly requires controlling pollution sources. ”可知 Song Guojun 认为治理环境污染主要靠控制污染源，选 C。 字数：316 9 First Lady Michelle Obama is on a five-day trip to Asia. She is visiting Japan and Cambodia to help publicize a program called "Let Girls Learn". Administration officials set up the campaign to support the education of millions of girls worldwide. Before her trip, Mrs. Obama and her husband noted the inability of an estimated 62million girls to attend school. They said educating the girls should be a foreign policy goal. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 272 This week, Mrs. Obama criticized the fact that tens of millions of girls are not receiving a satisfactory education. In her opinion piece, she wrote this failure to educate girls was more than "a tragic waste of potential". It is both a serious public health issue and a problem for the economic health of nations and the world. She also said it was "a threat to the security of countries around the world". The First Lady noted by 2012, every part of the developing world was educating both girls and boys in primary schools. But this is not the case in secondary education. She wrote in some areas girls face "the cultural values and practices that limit the prospects of women in their societies." The Obama administration launched the "Let Girls Learn" campaign earlier this month. At the time, Mrs. Obama noted plans to involve the U.S. Peace Corps, and the Volunteer Development Agency. "This effort will draw on the talent and energy of the nearly 7,000 Peace Corps volunteers serving in more than 60 countries. Through this effort, Peace Corps will be supporting hundreds of new community projects to help girls go to school and stay in school. And, I want to emphasize that these programs will be community-generated and community-led. They will be based on solutions devised by local leaders, families and yes, even the girls themselves." President Obama also spoke at the same White House event, saying that campaign is important to his administration. 29. Why did Michelle Obama make the trip to Asia? A. To get help from Peace Corps. B. To set up the "Let Girls Learn" program. C. To promote an educational program. D. To develop Japan-US relationship. C 细节理解题。由首段可知米歇尔行程的目的是宣传"Let Girls Learn"教育项目，故选 C。 30.These statements may be Michelle Obama’s opinion EXCEPT_____. A. girls in developing countries have greater potential than boys B. girls have the same right to receive higher education 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 273 C. having girls educated should be a foreign policy goal D. failing to educate girls affects the world’s economic A 推理判断题。在本文中作者介绍了米歇尔宣传“Let Girls Learn”计划，希望全世界的女孩都能接受中 等教育，根据第二段中的“They said educating the girls should be a foreign policy goal. ”判断 C选项正确；根据第三段内容可以判断 B、D 选项正确；而 A选项的内容文中没有提及，故选 A。 31. What is the main idea of the sixth paragraph? A. How the Peace Corps are organized. B. What the plan for the campaign is. C. Who are in charge of the program. D. Where the campaign will be carried out. B 主旨大意题。在上段中作者提出“At the time, Mrs. Obama noted plans to involve the U.S. Peace Corps”，然后介绍了 Peace Corps 的具体做法，故选 B。 32. What may be talked about in the next paragraph? A. The achievements they have achieved. B. The measures they have taken. C. The possible problems they will meet. D. The importance of the educational program. D 推理判断题。根据文章末段的内容可知奥巴马同样也说到了这项活动，提到了这项活动对他的政府来说非 常重要，由此推测下文要对此进行解释，故选 D。 字数：321 10 As we know, many teen celebrities(名人) feel and think that having a slimmer figure can do great good to them. But, does size really matter? Are teenage fans trying hard to become like their celebrity idols(偶像)? Do celebrities really have the power to influence people, especially teenagers? For the longest time, many parents blame teen idols for influencing the way their kids act. Have you noticed how teens idolize the celebrities these days? Even, their personal affairs are being followed by kids these days. Take for example the case of Lindsay Lohan of Mary Kate Ashley. They are definitely famous teen stars. But, since they are trying to project an image to satisfy 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 274 a lot of people in show business, their health and body suffer. Many kids are aware of this problem. But they are easily influenced by these celebrities to exercise and eat less. It is a fact that the media, and especially famous teen celebrities, can influence people powerfully. But teenagers are easily influenced because teenage years are the period when our personality and identity developments take place. Teens watching TV shows and reading magazines are easily pulled into the dieting and harmful eating habits because the media have some ways to pull these acts. They use thin models and celebrities to endorse(做广告宣传) products or to star in an up-and –coming shows or movies. With fierce competition, celebrities are forced to eat less and do extreme exercise routines to get the roles or offers that come their way. Living in today’s time and generation is a bit disturbing to a lot of parents. Media, especially as well as the celebrities, have a very powerful influence to drive teenagers to good or bad. It’s good that we can control ourselves to avoid bad things from happening. If not, parents should really be aware and guide their teens to determine what’s in ad what’s out. 60. From the passage we can find Lindsay Lohan . A. lives an unhealthy lifestyle B. lives a rich and happy life C. doesn’t get any exercise D. sets a good example for teenagers 61. According to the writer, why are teenagers easily influenced by some TV shows? A. They are tired of school. B. Their celebrity idols appear in many TV shows. C. They’re in their development period. D. They have nothing to do in their spare time 62. Many celebrities have to be on diet . A. to keep healthy to face competitionB. to survive under pressure C. to keep a slim size D. to satisfy their teenage fans 63. What’s the title of the passage? A. Parents’ responsibilities.B. Advice on self-control. C. Bad influences of celebrities. D. Media’s bad influences. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 275 【文章大意】本文主要讲述青少年如何受偶像的影响以及偶像们也受青少年的影响这种社会现象，以此警 示家长们正确利用偶像对孩子们的影响。 11 Here are a few tips to help you, the workaholic, re-focus and get the best out of life. EIGHT HOURS OF SLEEP! Make it a point to get at least eight hours of sleep and plenty of rest. Don't believe that you can always "catch some sleep or rest later." Your body cannot make up for lost sleep or rest time because it is not physiologically possible. STRICTLY FAMILY ON WEEKENDS! Resolve to make Saturdays and Sundays strictly for family time. And stick to this! Mondays until Fridays you make an excuse not to relax and spend time with your family because it's work time, why not make a similar excuse for Saturdays and Sundays? "I can't work today because I'm spending time with my family." GET SOME FOOD IN! Make sure you get food in your stomach. Workaholics are known to be food-skippers. If you can't afford to get off your desk or from doing paperwork, have food delivered to you. It's always a good idea if you have crackers on your drawer to ease the hunger pangs. CONFINE WORK! Resolve to confine work in your office. Don't bring work to your home! Keep those files in your office desk where they belong. Practice working only within your working hours. If you have an eight-to-five working schedule, stick to it. WORK UP THOSE MUSCLES! Exercise, exercise, exercise! Set aside at least an hour each day or every other day for exercise. You body needs to be conditioned, and working non-stop isn't going to give it the proper physical conditioning it needs. Since most workaholics tend to have their behinds stuck on their chairs, it's even more important that you get some exercise. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 276 MAKE A PLAN! Plan your day. Work on only one or two things at a time. It's much easier to work on something and finish it first and then move on to the next rather than do a number of things all at the same time and never finish or accomplish anything at the end of the day. Make out a list of priorities. Write down things that need to be worked on immediately or are urgent, keeping the least ones at the bottom of your list. After you've done this, be guided by this list. Turning this activity into a habit will also help you manage your time better, be more organized, and accomplish more. 41. The passage is intended for ________. A. those who are hardworking B. those who consider work the center of their life C. those who keep themselves healthy and alive D. those who live a busy, successful and happy life 42. According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned as a practical tip for a workaholic? A. Don’t be food-skippers B. Don’t have your behinds stuck on your chairs C. Make up for lost sleep whenever possible D. Make sure of time available for your family 43. By making a plan, the author mean ________. A. working on only one or two things each day B. finishing a number of things at once C. organizing your time and finishing urgent things first D. accomplishing as much work as possible at any given moment 44. The underlined word “confine” in paragraph 5 possibly means ________. A. give up B. start C. practice D. restrict 45. If there were one more tip, it could be ________. A. WORK TO LIVE B. LIVE TO WORK C. MAKE WORK YOUR LIFE D. STOP TO ENJOY WORKING 【文章大意】本文对工作狂们提出如何更好的聚集生活，提高效率的方法及建议。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 277 【答案解析】 41.B 推断题。根据开篇第一句话提到 Here are a few tips to help you, the workaholic, re-focus and get the best out of life 下面这些建议来帮助那些工作狂们，聚焦生活，故选 B项。 42.C 推断题。根据文章黑色的标题所提到的 EIGHT HOURS OF SLEEP 充足的睡眠 STRICTLY FAMILY ON WEEKENDS 周末在家；GET SOME FOOD IN!保证食物的正常摄入。CONFINE WORK 限制工作， WORK UP THOSE MUSCLES 进行锻炼 MAKE A PLAN 制定计划，故 C 项没有提到。 43.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段提到 It's much easier to work on something and finish it first and then move on to the next rather than do a number of things all at the same time and never finish or accomplish anything at the end of the day.做好计划，计划好时间，完成必须完成的工作，故选 C 项。 12 More than one-third of adults in the United States are obese(肥胖). In fact, over obesity has reached such proportions that one big-city mayor has gone about banning large-sized, sugary soft drinks and the First Lady has been on a campaign to control the dietary offerings in public schools. Even many adults who do not fit the clinic definition of obesity are still overweight, and a large percentage are looking for the best ways to lose weight. Reducing pounds largely comes down to the two-sided factors of diet and exercise. Not carrying out the first one enough, and not getting enough of the second one, ends up giving the individual a recipe for being overweight. Advising someone to eat less and exercise more might be the easiest advice possible, but it’s also, partially, an oversimplification. Dieting has more to do with the types of food you eat than how much you eat. Reduce the amount of red meat in your diet. If you don’t want to eliminate red meat altogether, choose cuts of meat with less fat content. Limit your intake of salt and 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 278 starches. If you’ve got to have potato chips alongside your sandwich at lunch, choose the baked potato chips that contain less fat than the deep-fried chips. You might find you’re really not sacrificing that much in terms of taste. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, egg whites, fish and nonfat dairy products will certainly aid in the mission of losing weight. Drink more water and less sugary drinks. If you have to have a soda, a diet soda is a better option, but seltzer is an even better choice than that. It’s important—if not always easy—to make sure you get at least some physical activity each and every day. If your feet won’t allow for a regular jogging regimen, then make sure you take lots of walks. Next time you need to mail a letter, walk to the mailbox instead of driving. Try to work in a daily walk in your neighborhood. 72. You should when you want to lose weight A. try not to fit the clinic definition of obesity B. diet as well as exercise enough C. get little exercise every day D. focus your attention on diet only 73. The First Lady has started a movement to . A. raise people’s awareness of healthy diet B. control the public school dietary supplying C. ban the sugary soft drinks D. realise the importance of dieting 74. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph? A．We must keep far away from fat and ignore our taste. B．The simplest and best way to lose weight is to eat and exercise more. C．We should remove the red meat in our diet completely to reduce weight. D．When it comes to diet, no one needs to starve themselves in order to lose weight. 75.The last paragraph is mainly about . A. walk B. diet C. exercise D. jog 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了现在存在的肥胖问题，以及如何解决肥胖问题。 【答案解析】 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 279 72. B。解析：细节题，根据第三段 Reducing pounds largely comes down to the two-sided factors of diet and exercise 可知要想减肥就要节食和锻炼，故选 B。 73. B。解析：细节题，根据第三段 ...the First Lady has been on a campaign to control the dietary offerings in public schools 选 B。 74. D。解析：推断题。根据第四段人们可以用蔬菜来替换红肉等方式达到节食又不挨饿的目的。 75. C。解析：推理题。根据最后一段提到的 jogging 和 walk 可知都是关于加强锻炼的。 13 Recently, South Korean star PSY’s ‘Gangnam style” video has been popular on the Internet. It has become most people’s favorite music. In fact, the song has set the Guinness World Record for the most popular video in the history of the Internet. More than two million people have said “like” since the song was on the Internet on July 15. PSY”s special dance moves and funny horse riding style have attracted many people. Although many people do not understand the language, the video has become the talk of the Internet. The song has come to first place in the music charts(排行榜) in 31 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. “I just sang for my South Korean fans. I have never expected it to be popular in other countries,” PSY told the reporters on a concert. The song was so popular that a few of South Korean’s politicians showed PSY’s moves to attract supporters. “The song came out in mid-July. It sings about the rich life of South Korea —especially Gangnam in Soeoul, where a lot of rich people live. Millions of people have watched the video. Many stars, such as Katy Perry, Robbie Williams and Nelly Furtado said that they love the song. These stars performed part of the song at a recent concert. Riding high on the success of “Gangnam Style”, PSY was signed by Scooter Braun to Braun’s Schoolboy Records, a label distributed by Universal Republic. PSY has written many hit songs of varying styles for different singers. Prior to “Gangnam Style” his most famous composition perhaps was Lee Seung Gi’s debut(首次亮相) song “Because You Are My Woman”. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 280 1. What makes PSY’s “Gangnam Style” the famous music of millions of people? A. The song has set the Guinness World Record. B. The song has come to first place in the music chart. C. They like the dance moves and the horse riding style. D. They don’t understand the words of the song. 2.Why did some of South Korea’s politicians show PSY”s moves? A. They wanted to tell people that they were also fond of music. B. They wanted people to support them. C. They were PSY’s fans. D. They liked PSY’s dancing style. 3. What’s “Gangnam Style” about? A. The way of horse riding. B. The rich life of people of Gangnam in Seoul. C. The Guinness World Record. D. The love of stars. 4.What is the best title of the passage? A. Life of the Music Star PSY B. “Gangnam Styly” —— Most people’s favorite Music C. PSY’s Famous Compositions D. Meaning of “Gangnam Style” A. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话 PSY”s special dance moves and funny horse riding style have attracted many people. 判断使“江南 style”受到数百万人喜爱的原因是鸟叔的特殊的舞蹈动作和 滑稽的骑马风格。由此判断 C 最佳。 2.【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话 The song was so popular that a few of South Korean’s politicians showed PSY’s moves to attract supporters. 判断一些韩国政治家表演鸟叔的动作是为了 吸引支持者。故选 B 。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 281 3.【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段 It sings about the rich life of South Korea —especially Gangnam in Soeoul, where a lot of rich people live.判断“江南 style”唱的是关于韩国的富有的生活— 尤其 是首尔的江南，在那里住着很多的有钱人。 4.【答案】B 【解析】标题归纳题。根据第一段判断，最佳题目应该是介绍江南 style 成为大多数人喜欢的音乐。故选 B 。 考点：文化类短文阅读。 14 How can you help kids cope with （对付）stress? Proper rest and good nutrition can improve coping skills, so can good parenting. Make time for your kids each day. Whether they need to talk with you or just be in the same room with you, make yourself available. Even as kids get older, quality time is important. It’s really hard for some people to come home after a tiring day of work, get down on the floor, and play with their kids or just talk to them about their day -- especially if they’ve had a stressful day themselves. But expressing interest in your kids shows that they’re important to you. Help your child deal with stress by talking about what may be causing it. Together, you can come up with a few solutions. For example, he should cut back on after-school activities, spending more time talking with his parents or teachers, developing an exercise plan or keeping a journal. You can also help by predicting potentially stressful situations and preparing kids for them. For example, let a child know ahead of time, but not too far ahead of time, that a doctor’s appointment is coming up and talk about what will happen there. Keep in mind, though, that younger kids probably won’t need too much advance preparation. Too much information can cause more stress. Remember that some level of stress is normal, Let kids know that it’s OK to feel angry, scared, lonely, or anxious and that other people share those feelings, too. When kids can’t or won’t discuss these problems, try talking about your own concerns. This shows that you’re willing to handle tough topics and are available to talk with when they’re ready. If a child shows symptoms that concern you and is unwilling to talk, consult a counselor （顾问）or other mental health experts. Most parents have the skills to cope with their children’s stress. The time to seek 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 282 professional attention is when any change in behavior continues to exist, when stress is causing serious anxiety, or when the behavior is causing significant problems in functioning at school or at home 【文章大意】本文诗篇说明文，讲述的是如何帮助孩子处理压力的事情。适当的休息和充足的营养可 以帮助他们提高对付压力的能力，良好的家庭教育也能帮助他们应对压力。接着就给我们讲述了在家庭教 育中怎样能够帮助孩子应对压力。 59. What is the purpose of the text? A. To share the author’s ideas on proper parenting. B. To persuade parents to spend more time with their kids. C. To advise parents how to help their kids deal with stress. D. To seek different ways to help solve kids’ problems. 【答案】C 【解析】第二三四五六七段都是作者给孩子的父母的一些帮助孩子应对减压的一些建议 【考点定位】考察的是细节理解题 60. Why do some parents feel it difficult to spare quality time for their kids? A. Their kids are growing so fast. B. They have too much housework. C. Their kids are losing interest in them. D. They are tired out after work. 【答案】D 【考点定位】考察的是细节理解题 61. You are advised not to talk too much about a stressful situation in advance because ________. A. it does no good to your kids B. it doesn’t work in practice C. your kids may not feel stressed D. your kids don’t want to listen 【答案】A 【解析】从第四段 Keep in mind, though, that younger kids probably won’t need too much advance preparation. Too much information can cause more stress.记住，孩子不需要提前准备，太多的信息 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 283 可能给他们造成更大的压力。这句话得知。 【考点定位】考察的是细节理解题。 62. What can we learn from the text? A. Normal people share the same feelings. B. It is normal for kids to have some stress. C. Kids should get rid of the negative feelings. D. Everybody feels angry, scared, lonely or anxious. 【答案】B 【解析】从第五段 Remember that some level of stress is normal, Let kids know that it’s OK to feel angry, scared, lonely, or anxious and that other people share those feelings, too.得 知一些压力非常的正常，让孩子们知道有压力时感到生气，害怕，孤独是很正常的，其他的人也有这样的 感觉。 【考点定位】考察的是细节理解题 15 A third of primary schoolchildren in China are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. The problem is so bad that urgent measures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese researchers. The investigation surveyed 2,191 pupils aged nine to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China. Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried "a lot" about exams, 63 percent feared being punished by their teacher, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimes – with boys likelier to be victims than girls – and 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents. Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains – psychosomatic symptoms of stress – at least once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 284 The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College London (UCL) Centre for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme competitiveness in China's education system, from the onset of primary school. “The competitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms," the authors say. “Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children in schools should be introduced urgently." The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British Medical Association (BMA). The "urban" setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, while the "rural" setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province. The study highlights some of the complexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure. One factor is the country's dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created "previously unheard-off possibilities for upward mobility" and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school. Other reasons are China's one-child policy and the Confucian traditions of respect for parents and elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline. “The aspirations of many parents, who had limited educational opportunities themselves are now invested in their only children," it says. Previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally come from Scandinavia. A 2008 assessment among 10- to 13-year-old in Sweden found that 21 percent of boys of 30 percent of girls experienced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced abdominal pain at least once per week. 【文章大意】本文是一篇报告。文章讲述了中国孩子们在面对大量考试中，所承受的精神上和身体上的压 力，以至于他们产生了很多不良现象。 46. What mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health? A. Competitiveness in education system B. Classroom stress and parental pressure 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 285 C. Physical punishment from their parents D. Endless homework from school teachers 【答案】B 【考点定位】考查细节理解 47. The underlined part “cope with” in Para.5 most probably means ______. A. to fit in B. to adapt to C. to deal with D. to get along with 【答案】C 【解析】根据文章中的“Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned.”可知：大多数孩子埋怨他们挣扎着处理作业。猜测 cope with 意为：处 理。 【考点定位】考查猜测词义 48. From Paragraph 4, we know what the schoolchildren worry most is _______. A. bullying behavior at school B. many examinations at school C. physical punishment by parents D. physical punishment by teachers 【答案】B 【解析】根据文章第四段中的“Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried "a lot" about exams”可知，孩子们最担心的是过多的考试。选 B。 【考点定位】考查细节理解 49. What can we infer from the passage? A. More and more schoolchildren will drop out of school soon B. Homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools C. Parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren D. Too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally 【答案】D 【解析】根据文章的第四段和“Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains – psychosomatic 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 286 symptoms of stress – at least once a week.”可知 D 正确。 【考点定位】考查判断推理 50. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Children in China sickened by school pressure B. Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children C. The investigation, led by University College London D. Extreme competitiveness in China’s education system 【答案】A 【考点定位】考查主旨大意题 16 There's no need to say it, but there are really more than a few benefits to educational tours. From the word itself, an educational tour is something done to gain knowledge while traveling and touring to some place. It creates opportunities for people to think out of the box and see things and places that aren't usually seen in their normal environment. Educational trips aren't always those that cover far distances. As already said, it is done to gain knowledge and you wouldn't need to go very far to have it. Sometimes, an educational trip could be in your hometown. Historic places and museums are always on top of the lists of the places to go in an educational tour. Educational tours like these would make you know your country better. Your country's history is rich and it is the reason why you came to be. But remember that the history of other states, counties and countries are as important as your own. When you go on a trip to another country, it is advised that you learn their culture first. Different cultures have different understanding and perspective of different acts, and it could be dangerous or offending if you cannot understand a culture. When you go on an educational tour, it is likely that you would have the opportunity to socialize with other people. Students are encouraged to talk to locals and natives and learn from them, because it is with understanding that students gain knowledge. When students talk with local people, 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 287 they are gaining insights to their life and their culture. It is said that when in Rome, act and think as the Romans do, and this is a valuable skill that not all people could do. There are millions of people who want to travel, and an educational tour is the perfect time to do so. Traveling opens new doors and opportunities; it always makes you want to learn more. Cultures are many and widely different, and it is a very valuable talent to understand the people of different cultures. Traveling with groups of other students is safer than traveling alone, and bulk travels like those could also be helpful on the budget. Group of friends could stay at one place and get discounts on the place that you wouldn't get if you are traveling alone. Traveling is fun and more budget-friendly when with other people on an educational tour. Travel abroad for a month. Try and see if you wouldn't miss your own country. Traveling would let you see your own country in a different way. The benefits of an educational tour are all important, but this one creates patriotism in a person. A school isn't a place where they teach you to find the answers; it is a place where one teaches you to find the questions and learn the answers for yourself. Educational tours are valuable this way. They teach you that you are not the only one seeking for questions and that there are other people who are willing to help you on your way too. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了教育旅游的概念及其相关的细节内容。 50. What's educational tours according to the passage? A. Something done to gain knowledge while traveling. B. Something done to know more about one's own country while traveling. C. Something done to know more about a foreign country while traveling. D. Something done to seek for more friends while traveling. 【答案】A 【解析】根据第一段中的“an educational tour is something done to gain knowledge while traveling and touring to some place.”可知 A 正确。 【考点定位】考查细节理解 51. What are on the top lists of the places to go to in an educational tour? A. schools and churches B. government buildings 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 288 C. places of amusement D. Historical places and museums 【答案】D 【考点定位】考查细节理解 52. Which statement is correct according to the passage? A. Educational trips always cover long distances. B. When on educational trips, you seldom have the chance to talk with other people. C. Educational trips are always too short to learn knowledge. D. Learning the culture first is a must before you go on educational trips 【答案】D 【解析】根据文章第四段中的“When you go on a trip to another country, it is advised that you learn their culture first.”可知 D 正确。 【考点定位】考查判断推理 53. If you want to go on a cheap and safe educational trip, you'd better_____? A. go with groups of other students B. avoid the top spots C. book one in advance D. learn the culture first 【答案】A 【解析】根据文章第七段中的“Traveling with groups of other students is safer than traveling alone, and bulk travels like those could also be helpful on the budget.”可知 A 正确。 【考点定位】考查细节理解 54. What does the word "patriotism" in the eighth paragraph mean? A. 同情 B. 爱国心 C. 羞耻心 D. 虚荣心 【答案】B 【解析】根据文章中的“Traveling would let you see your own country in a different way. The benefits of an educational tour are all important, but this one creates patriotism in a person.”可推 知 B 正确。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 289 【考点定位】考查猜测词义 17 To be sure,only children experienced some things differently from those with sisters and brothers.Many feel more pressure to succeed.They also tend to look only to their parents as role models in the absence of brothers and sisters. In India,10-year-old Saviraj Sankpal founded a support group for the tiny minority of only children.Among other things,the group does volunteer work to counter(反对) the myth that they are not responsible.“People think we’re treated too kindly and ruined,”says Sankpal,a computer engineering student.“But I’d like to remind them how lonely it can get.” Most only children,however,say they wish for sisters or brothers only when it comes to caring for aging,unhealthy parents.Britain’s David Emerson,coauthor of the book The Only Child,says that such a person bears terrible burden in having to make all the decisions alone.Emerson knows from experience:After his father died,he chose to move his elderly mother from their family home,where she was vulnerable(易受攻击的) to house breakers,to a new one with more security.“The move was quite hard on her,and she might feel that I pushed her into it,”he says.“After all,I am left with that responsibility.” In the future,more and more only children will likely face similar choices.With working mothers increasing,many families are finding they simply don’t have the time,money or energy to have more than one child.As only children become common,perhaps the world will realize that the charge made against them is unjust. 1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude towards only children is___________. A.ironic B.objective C.unfriendly D.unjust 2.It can be inferred from the passage that only children’s parents should___________. A.found a support group for their only children B.do volunteer work to help their only children 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 290 C.let their only children make all the decisions alone D.set good examples for their only children 3.Emerson decided to move his elderly mother to a new house because he___________. A.is the only one who cares about her B.doesn’t want to leave her alone C.wants to share the responsibility with her D.is worried about her safety 4.It is quite usual now for a working mother to___________. A.spend all her time and money on her only child B.be responsible for bringing up her only child C.have and bring up only one child D.devote all her energy to her job 5.The main idea of the passage is that___________. A.only children are ruined and irresponsible B.only children have to face many challenges C.most only children want to have brothers and sisters D.most only children share their responsibility with their parents 解析与答案 本文主要讲述了独生子女在社会生活中所遇到的种种困难和各种挑战，他们要面对社会对独生子女的 诸多偏见。 【答案】B 2.【解析】根据第一段最后一句“They also tend to look only to their parents as role models in the absence of brothers and sisters.”由此可见，在没有兄弟姐妹的独生子女家庭里，父母是他们 的榜样。 【答案】D 3.【解析】由第三段倒数第三句可知。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 291 【答案】D 4.【解析】最后一段第二句与 C 项吻合。其他选项与文章内容不符。 【答案】C 5.【解析】全篇讲述了独生子女面临的种种挑战：成功的压力大、面对社会诸多偏见、赡养老人压力 大等。 【答案】B 18 Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities.Of course，there have always been people who have looked for adventure—— those who have climbed the highest mountains,traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans.Now，however，there are people who look for an immediate excitement for a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping (蹦极跳) to be a good example for such an activity.You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic (有弹性的) rope tied to your ankles.You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground.Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs (悬崖). Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring.Not very long ago，people’s lives were constantly in danger.They had to go out and hunt for food; diseases could not easily be cured; and life was continuous battle for survival(生存). Nowadays，according to many people，life offers little excitement.They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill.The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. 1.A best title for the text is___________. A.Dangerous Sports：What and Why B.The Boredom of Modern Life 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 292 C.Bungee Jumping：Is It Really Dangerous? D.The Need for Excitement 2.More and more people today___________. A.are trying activities such as bungee jumping B.are climbing the highest mountains C.are coming close to death in sports D.are looking for adventures such as traveling into unknown places 3.In bungee jumping，you___________. A.jump as high as you can B.slide down a rope to the ground C.attach (系) yourself to a rope and fall to the ground D.fall towards the ground without a rope 4.People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because___________. A.they have a lot of free time B.they can go to hospital if they are injured C.their life is short of excitement D.they no longer need to hunt for food 5.The writer of the text has a___________ attitude towards dangerous sports. A.positive (肯定的) B.negative (否定的) C.neutral (中立的) D.nervous (神经质的) 解析与答案 文章列举了一些常见的刺激性的活动，科学家们解释了人们寻求刺激的原因。 1.【解析】此题为综合归纳题。全文列举了一些常见的有刺激性的活动，而后又解释了人们为什么会 寻求刺激，故 A 项最为贴切。 【答案】A 2.【解析】这是一道细节题。文章的首句： “Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sport and activities.”告诉了我们 A项为正确答案。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 293 【答案】A 【答案】C 4.【解析】文章第三、四段中，心理学家解释了产生这种现象是因为人类生活相对稳定、乏味，缺少 刺激，这样才促使人们去参加危险的活动，所以 C 项入选。 【答案】C 5.【解析】此题要求明确作者的态度和语气。文章中只是列举了一些刺激的活动，以及人们寻求刺激 的原因，作者并未表明自己是赞同，还是反对，他始终保持中立的态度，故选 C 项。 【答案】C