2020届二轮复习七选五类型阅读理解解题指导与训练十篇(1)

2020届二轮复习七选五类型阅读理解解题指导与训练十篇(1)

‎2020届二轮复习七选五类型阅读理解解题指导与训练十篇 阅读理解七选五（也有阅读填空等称呼），即给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。‎ 这种题型来自于宁夏课改后的新高考，虽然是一种新的尝试，但在解题技巧方面，还是有章可循的。所以，小结一下。‎ ‎1通读全文，了解文章大意。‎ ‎2读答案，找出和文章相对应的关键词。‎ ‎3根据文章整体结构、具体内容，并结合关键词，将选项填入文中。‎ ‎4将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。‎ ‎5研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。‎ 阅读理解解析 一、阅读填空题的特点 ‎1. 符合《英语课程标准》中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求和《2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(宁夏卷)说明》中“如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章, 必须对文章的结构有所了解, 把握住全篇的文脉, 即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”‎ 的要求。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考查，它是语言表达的基本单位，属于语言的组织规律，那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重 语言的结构—语法，而后者侧重语言的使用—章法。‎ ‎2. 注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程，新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思 维能力，是阅读的深层理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。‎ ‎3. 题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适应，与新课程理念下的高考改革走向相适应，与高中英语教学实际相适应，遵循了《英语课程标准》的评价理念，保证了试 题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。‎ 二、阅读填空题详解分析 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意（章振邦，1985），所谓的“积句而成章，积章而成篇。”‎ 就是这个道理。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，我们在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只要层层入手，才能真正理解文章。‎ 七选五 For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans． 1 Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today．Strauss' invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world．‎ Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829． 2 He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847．Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother's dry goods business．This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention．After the gold rush of 1949, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortunes．‎ Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals．Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners．At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth． 3 When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining, he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners．These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more．‎ In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets（铆钉）．This made the pants last a long time．Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent． 4 ．‎ By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion．‎ ‎ 5 The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss' company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world．‎ A．As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States．‎ B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable．‎ C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since．‎ D．However, he did not get much business for those products．‎ E．He also made a great contribution to America's clothing industry．‎ F．Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture．‎ G．As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it．‎ 专项练习 七选五 ‎ Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations．They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago． 1 ‎ ‎ The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly．Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses． 2 So they are called "diseases of civilization"．Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.‎ ‎ Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco,‎ ‎ probably none． 3 However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today. ‎ ‎ Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones．They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits．They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains． 4 We eat six times more salt than our ancestors．We eat more sugar．We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.‎ ‎ 5 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.‎ ‎ A．Stone Age people lived a simple life.‎ ‎ B．But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.‎ ‎ C．In that case, they would live much healthier.‎ ‎ D．Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.‎ ‎ E．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.‎ ‎ F．People today probably don't want to live like our ancestors.‎ ‎ G．Modern people used to suffer from "diseases of civilization".‎ 专项练习二 七选五 For the rest of March, a disease will sweep across the US. It will keep kids home from school. 1 Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate.‎ The disease, known as “March Madness”, refers to the yearly 65 – team US men’s college basketball tournament (锦标赛). 2 Teams compete against each other in a single – elimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.‎ Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness. The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends. 3 Colleagues against bosses.‎ Big – name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little – known universities.‎ This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Two years ago, the little – known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. 4 ‎ College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. 5 About $ 4 billion will be spent gambling (赌) on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will bring in $ 500 million in advertising income this year, topping the post – season income of every US professional league, including that of the NBA.‎ ‎ A. Husbands against wives.‎ ‎ B. The players will go all out for the games.‎ ‎ C. But that doesn’t mean money isn’t involved.‎ ‎ D. College students will ignore piles of homework.‎ ‎ E. People are willing to spend more money on watching it.‎ ‎ F. It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April.‎ ‎ G. Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament.‎ 专项练习四 七选五 Everyone knows that the Frenchmen are romantic, the Italians are fashionable and the Germans are serious. Are these just stereotypes or is there really such a thing as national character? And if there is, can it affect how a nation succeed ‎ or fail?‎ At least one group of people is certain that it can. A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs (企业家) in the UK found that 70% felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public. Britain is hostile (敌意的) to success, they said. It has a culture of jealousy(嫉妒). 1 Jealousy is sometimes known as the “green – eyed monster” and the UK is its home.‎ Scientists at Warwich University in the UK recently tested this idea. They gathered a group of people together and gave each an imaginary amount of money. 2 Those given a little were given the chance to destroy the large amount of money given to others – but at the cost of losing their own. Two thirds of the people tested agreed to do this.‎ ‎3 . But there is also opposite evidence. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development recently reported that the UK is now the world’s fourth largest economy. That is not bad for people who are supposed to hate success. People in the UK also work longer hours than anyone else in Europe. So the British people are not lazy, either.‎ ‎“It is not really success that the British dislike,” says Carey Cooper, a professor of management at the University of ‎ Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. “It’s people using their success in a way that seems proud or unfair or which separates them from their roots.”‎ ‎ 4 They set out to do things in their way. They work long hours. By their own efforts they become millionaires. 5 .It hardly seems worth following their example. If they were more friendly, people would like them more. And more people want to be like them.‎ A. This seems to prove that the entrepreneurs were right to complain.‎ B.The one who owns most money in the end is the winner.‎ C.As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, unwanted and misunderstood.”‎ D.It is not true that British people are born jealous of others` success.‎ E. Some were given a little, others a great deal.‎ F. But instead of being happy they complain that nobody loves them.‎ G.. Perhaps it is the entrepreneurs who are the problem.‎ 专项练习五 七选五 ‎1 When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think ‎ about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure beats dance into view.‎ The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. 2 .‎ The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. 3 It included such items as automobile sand new houses. ‎ By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching”level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction－the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body－this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care, and entertainment. 4 ‎ One this level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to ‎ demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? ‎ ‎ A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. ‎5 In this way, we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.‎ ‎ A．Then a third level appeared.‎ ‎ B．Human wants seem endless.‎ ‎ C．When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.‎ ‎ D．There are several levels of wants in one’s life.‎ ‎ E．At this stage, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure.‎ ‎ F．Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.‎ ‎ G．Different people have different wants on each level.‎ 专项练习六 七选五 We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. 1 .‎ So, you have to give a speech—and you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you ‎ stumble（结结巴巴） over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”‎ Cheep up! 2 . Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. 3 . Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.‎ Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. 4 . And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.‎ If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more ‎ speeches! You’re not convinced yet? 5 .‎ A. It doesn’t have to be that bad.‎ B. Take several deep breaths before your speech.‎ C. This article gives some advice on how to give a good speech.‎ D. Say what you have to say and then stop.‎ E. Don’t say what you aren’t familiar with.‎ F. Never forget your audience.‎ G. Give it a try and see what happens.‎ 专项练习七 七选五 There is an English saying:“1._________.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. 2. _________.‎ Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. 3.__________. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.‎ Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated(忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.‎ ‎ 4._________.‎ ‎5.__________. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing , making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter. ‎ A. Laughter can prolong one’s life.‎ B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. ‎ C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain.‎ D. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.‎ E. Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still can not put this theory into clinic practice.‎ ‎ F. Laughter is the best medicine.‎ ‎ G. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.‎ 专项练习八 七选五 Why do some people have many friends while others do not? 1 However, it is not so. Let’s look at two psychological experiments which will give you the key to happy interpersonal relations.‎ The first experiment is called the “Hawthorne effect” after Hawthorne, Illinois, where the experiment took place. A group of psychologists examined the work patterns of two groups of workers in the Western Electric Company. 2 .The psychologists changed the working conditions for one group twice but left the other group alone. They were surprised to find that productivity increase on both occasions and in both groups. They concluded that the increase in productivity came from the attention given to the workers by the management. It had increased their motivation (积极性) and so they had worked harder. In other words, if you take an interest in others ,they will want to please you and you will have good relations with them.‎ ‎3 After Martin Luther King, Jr was killed in the 1960s, a teacher, Jane Elliott, living in an all – white town decided to help her class of young children understand why the Civil Rights Movement had been necessary in America.‎ She divided the class into two groups: one with blue eyes and the other with brown eyes. Other eye colours such as hazel or green were excluded from his exercise. Then she told the class that brown – eyed people were cleverer than blue – eyed ones because of an agent (化学作用) for brown colour found in ‎ their blood. Blue – eyed people were stupid, lazy and not to be trusted. Jane Elliott did not need to say any more. The brown – eyed students quickly got used to their new role as the leaders of the class. The blue – eyed students became quiet and withdrawn. Then she discovered something very interesting. Four poor brown – eyed readers began to read fluently in a way they had never done before. 4 .So if you want to be successful and happy, take an interest in others whether they are your classmates or workmates. Congratulate them on their successes and sympathize(同情) with them in their troubles. 5 .‎ A. Before the experiment the management talked to both groups of workers and explained that they wanted to find the best working environment for them.‎ B. Remember that the way you treat others will decide their attitude and behaviour to you.‎ C. The second experiment shows what happens to personal relations if you are rude to or ignore（忽略） others.‎ D. The ones who have more friends usually are those who care about others.‎ E. Jane Elliott had shown that the way people are treated affects not only their behaviour but also their confidence and their performance.‎ F.You may even imagine that this ability was something they were born with because it seems so effortless to them.‎ G. The second experiment tells us what teachers said has a great effect on the students.‎ 专项练习九 七选五 The seven Cs of a good letter What is the secret of writing a good letter? Here are two main ones. Don’t try to be fancy. Don’t try to impress your reader. You will be successful if you follow these seven Cs.‎ Clear.Use short, direct sentences. 1 Talk as if the reader were right there with you .Above all, don’t use an introduction.‎ Correct, 2 Don’t guess, even for spelling. Refer to your dictionary. If you need to , check a reference book too. Use them as much as you need to.‎ Complete. Don’t scatter our points. 3 This is good organization too.‎ Courteous. Be friendly rather than overly casual. Present your information nicely even if you are complaining about something . In all letters, treat others as you want them to treat you.‎ Concise. Make each point as clearly and briefly as you can.‎ Conversational. This is really the secret of good writing , 4 . Such a letter has a natural, friendly tone. Let your personality come through naturally.‎ Considerate. 5 Write about what you believe the reader needs or wants to know。Try to be helpful. This will build good feeling toward you.‎ The seven Cs are about writing letters. But how about school papers? Use the seven Cs. Write as if you are talking to your teacher or professor. You’ll be surprised. You’ll almost instantly become a good writer. And you might even enjoy writing from now on.‎ A. Just “talk”to the person B. Think of the readers’point of view as you write.‎ C. Make them easy to understand D. Include long sentences in your letter E. Make sure what you say is correct F. Writing should not be taken too seriously ‎ G. Finish one point completely before going on to the next.‎ 专项练习十 七选五 ‎(1) ____You probably think you will never be a top student.‎ ‎ This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how:‎ Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying.(2)____ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.‎ Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.‎ Make good use of your time in class. (3)____ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.‎ Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. (4)_____ If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you’ll remember it longer.‎ Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be over worried.‎ ‎(5)_____ You will probably discover them after you have tried these.‎ A. There are other methods that might help you with your studying.‎ B. Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.‎ C. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.‎ D. No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.‎ E. Maybe you are an average student.‎ F. Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.‎ G. This will help you understand the next class.‎ 专项练习一参考答案 七选五 1—5 FADCE 专项练习二参考答案 七选五1—5 CEDBF 专项练习三参考答案 七选五1—5 DFAGC 专项练习四参考答案 七选五1—5 CEAGF 专项练习五参考答案 七选五1—5 BCAFE 专项练习六参考答案 七选五1-5 CAFDG 专项练习七参考答案 七选五1-5 FGDCB 专项练习八参考答案 七选五1—5 FACEB 专项练习九参考答案 七选五1—5 CEGAB 专项练习十参考答案 七选五 1—5 EBCGA