【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案十八：自然

【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案十八：自然

‎2020届二轮复习 阅读理解专题话题训练学案十八：自然 Part A　Reading　‎ Passage 1‎ 题材:动物　词数:346　建议时间:9分钟 Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.But When it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化).New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world. ‎ This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular“Feed me!”call.‎ To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified ‎ begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.‎ It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls.In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”‎ ‎1.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“　　　”. ‎ A.be the worst B.be the best C.be just as bad D.be just as good ‎2.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?‎ A.Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.‎ B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.‎ C.The data collected from Queensland’s locals.‎ D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.‎ ‎3.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which　　　. ‎ A.can receive quality signals B.are in need of training C.fit the environment better D.make the loudest call ‎ Passage 2‎ 题材:阅读　词数:246　建议时间:18分钟 Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read 　1　grade level, but she did not like to read.On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her 　2　.But Lainey took one look at it, 　3　her eyes, and said, “Boring!” ‎ Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it.　4　the youngest children in the class were 　5　by the story.They 　6　with great interest, and then 　7　joined in grand conversations about Harry’s adventures. ‎ ‎“How can you say it’s 　8　? Have you read it?”asked Aunt Dede. ‎ ‎“No, it’s too long and it doesn’t have any 　9　,”complained Lainey. ‎ ‎“Oh, that’s where you are 　10　;there are lots of pictures.Every page is full of pictures;you just have to read the words to 　11　them.It’s like magic.” ‎ ‎“Nice try,Aunt Dede,”Lainey replied 　12　from the back seat. ‎ Another 　13　was in order.“Well, if you don’t want to read it, give ‎ it 　14　.Maybe your mom would 　15　hearing the story.”The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud.By the end of the first chapter,　16　 were coming from the back seat:“Please read a little 　17　.” ‎ Lainey is an example of an 　18　reader.As shown here, Lainey can become 　19　 about reading when 　20　 with literature on topics that interest her, and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process. ‎ ‎1.A.within B.on C.to D.above ‎2.A.daughter B.niece C.student D.friend ‎3.A.opened B.dried C.rolled D.shaded ‎4.A.Even B.Still C.Just D.Yet ‎5.A.surprised B.annoyed C.puzzled D.attracted ‎6.A.read B.told C.listened D.wrote ‎7.A.suspectedly B.anxiously C.calmly D.enthusiastically ‎8.A.amazing B.boring C.ridiculous D.humorous ‎9.A.pictures B.stories C.adventures D.conversations ‎10.A.crazy B.foolish C.wrong D.different ‎11.A.see B.match C.show D.recognize ‎12.A.sourly B.patiently C.eagerly D.shyly ‎13.A.idea B.try C.belief D.behavior ‎14.A.away B.out C.in D.back ‎15.A.enjoy B.admit C.mind D.finish ‎16.A.decisions B.requests C.comments D.promises ‎17.A.more clearly B.longer C.louder D.more carefully ‎18.A.unpleasant B.innocent C.unwilling D.independent ‎19.A.astonished B.worried C.confused D.excited ‎20.A.presented B.concerned C.disturbed D.replaced Part B　Writing　‎ 一、话题语料积累 ‎1.话题词汇积累 ‎①　　　　　　[ˈneɪtʃə]n.自然界;本性,天性;种类 ‎ ‎②　　　　　　[plɑːnt]n.植物 ‎ ‎③　　　　　　[ˌbæmˈbuː]n.竹子 ‎ ‎④　　　　　　[bɑːk]n.树皮,吠声 ‎ ‎⑤　　　　　　[bʊʃ]n.灌木 ‎ ‎⑥　　　　　　[ˈflaʊə]n.花 ‎ ‎⑦　　　　　　[wiːd]n.杂草,野草 ‎ ‎⑧　　　　　　[wʊd]n.木头,木材;(复)树木,森林 ‎ ‎⑨　　　　　　[ˈfɒrɪst]n.森林 ‎ ‎⑩　　　　　　[wiːt]n.小麦 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ænt]n.蚂蚁 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[bæt]n.球棒,蝙蝠 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[beə(r)]n.熊 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[biː]n.蜜蜂 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈiːɡl]n.鹰 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈziːbrə]n.斑马 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈdaɪnəsɔː]n.恐龙 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈelɪfənt]n.象 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[frɒɡ]n.青蛙 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[fɒks]n.狐狸 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[dʒəˈrɑːf]n.长颈鹿 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ɡəʊt]n.山羊 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[hen]n.母鸡 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[hɔːs]n.马 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˌkæŋɡəˈruː]n.大袋鼠 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[maʊs](复mice)n.鼠,耗子;鼠标 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈpændə]n.熊猫 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ʃɑːk]n.鲨鱼 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[siːl]n.海豹 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[sneɪk]n.蛇 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈdezət]n.沙漠 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[leɪk]n.湖 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[bæŋk]n.(河、海、湖的)岸,堤 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈbeɪsn]n.盆;盆地 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[beɪ]n.海湾 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[biːtʃ]n.海滩 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈkʌntrisaɪd]n.乡下,农村 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈaɪlənd]n.岛 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[lænd]n.陆地;土地 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈmaʊntən]n.山,山脉 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈəʊʃn]n.海洋 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈvæli]n.山谷,溪谷 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈrɪvə(r)]n.河,江 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[siː]n.海,海洋 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈsiːsaɪd]n.海滨 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[sprɪŋ]n.泉水,泉 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[streɪt]n.海峡 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ]n.火山 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈɜːɵkweɪk]n.地震 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[flʌd]n.洪水 vt.淹没,使泛滥 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[taɪˈfuːn]n.台风 ‎ ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①People should obey the natural rules, in order　　　(keep) the balance of ecology.为了保持生态平衡,人们应该遵守自然规律。 ‎ ‎②Those 　　　contemplate the beauty of the earth find reserves of strength that will endure as long as life lasts.思忖地球美丽的人们发现了力量的储备,只要生命持续,它们也将会持续下去。 ‎ ‎③For each such victory, nature will take revenge 　　　us.对于每一次这样的胜利,自然界都将对我们进行报复。 ‎ ‎④Nature never deceives us and it is always we who deceive 　　　.自然从不欺骗我们,是我们自己总是欺骗我们自己。 ‎ 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)根据句意及首字母提示完成句子 ‎①If humans destroy the environment at will, the last v　　　 will be humans themselves in the future. ‎ ‎②We should find new ways to d　　　 of waste. ‎ ‎③We can never develop economy at the c　　　 of polluting the environment. ‎ ‎④Every e　　　 must be made to educate people to protect the environment. ‎ ‎⑤Waste water cannot be put into rivers or lakes in order to protect water r　　　. ‎ ‎⑥If we continue to pollute the environment, we can not s　　　 on the earth any longer. ‎ ‎⑦So many whales were killed that it was feared they might d　　　 out. ‎ ‎⑧They cannot develop their production only for the present b　　　. ‎ ‎⑨It’s wise for humans to live in h　　　 with nature. ‎ ‎⑩Now we have realized the importance of the e　　　 protection. ‎ ‎(2)翻译句子 ‎①要修筑一间冰屋(igloo)第一件事就是要堆大量的雪。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎②地球上所有生命都依赖于太阳(而生存)。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎③众所周知,超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎④太阳把地球加热,使得空气上升。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑤实际上地球一月离太阳比七月更近。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑥昨晚雪下得非常大以至于我们被通知待在家里。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑦保护野生动物有助于生态平衡。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑧让我们在太阳落山前收割小麦吧!‎ ‎  ‎ ‎2.段落练习 阅读下面各句,并根据其意思之间的联系组成一篇文理通顺的短文。‎ ‎①On hearing the news, the firefighters hurried there at once.‎ ‎②To everyone’s sorrow, almost one-third of the forest was destroyed in the fire.‎ ‎③Worse still, one person was killed and two firefighters were badly injured.‎ ‎④According to research, the fire was caused by a live cigarette end thrown carelessly by a passer-by.‎ ‎⑤The fire lasted for five hours before the firefighters were able to bring it under control.‎ ‎⑥A terrible fire broke out in Dashan Timber Land at midnight yesterday.‎ ‎⑦Although the fire was very big and the smoke was heavy, they bravely fought against it.‎ ‎⑧The accident has taught us a lesson that measures should be taken to prevent forest fires.‎ 组成短文后的正确顺序为:　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.篇章练习 假如你是李华,你们学校决定于周日邀请地震方面的专家给全体学生做有关地震安全自救知识的讲座,请你代表学生会写一个通知。通知包括以下内容:‎ ‎(1)讲座目的:提高学生在地震时的安全自救意识和能力。 (2)讲座时间:2017年5月14日(周日)下午2点。‎ ‎(3)地点:学校大礼堂。 (4)讲座时间:1小时30分钟左右。‎ ‎(5)要求:全校所有学生务必参加,自带纸笔。‎ 注意:(1)词数:120—150。 (2)通知的格式已给出,不计入总词数。‎ NOTICE ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Remember to come on time.‎ Students’ Union 单选模拟仿真练　‎ ‎1.Where is Mike? Have you seen 　　　? ‎ A.he B.him C.his D.himself ‎2.Lily 　　　 many English novels since she went to the middle school. ‎ A.read B.reads C.has read D.is reading ‎3.Betty is 　　　 than any other girl in her class. ‎ A.as tall B.taller C.tall D.the tallest ‎4.—Where were you when I called you yesterday afternoon?‎ ‎—I 　　　 in the cinema. ‎ A.was seeing a movie B.see a movie C.have seen a movie D.will see a movie ‎5.We’ll have a meeting at Hilton Hotel 　　　 May, 2017. ‎ A.on B.in C.at D.from ‎6.Hurry up, 　　　 you’ll miss the train. ‎ A.but B.so C.and D.or ‎7.—What did you do last night?‎ ‎—I 　　　 a report. ‎ A.write B.wrote C.will write D.have written ‎8.The teacher asked us 　　　 something for our mothers on Mother’s Day. ‎ A.do B.to do C.doing D.did ‎9.The 7th Women’s Football World Cup 　　　 in Canada in 2015. ‎ A.will be held B.will hold C.holds D.was held ‎10.—Could you tell me 　　　? ‎ ‎—In a bookstore at the corner.‎ A.where you bought this book B.where did you buy this book C.where you buy this book D.where do you buy this book ‎11.Everyone tells me I’m a good speaker, 　　　 I really don’t like speaking in public. ‎ A.and B.so C.but D.or ‎12.Try not to wake up the baby if you 　　　 into the bedroom. ‎ A.go B.went C.have gone D.will go ‎13.John seemed puzzled about 　　　 the question meant. ‎ A.how B.why C.what D.which ‎14.—Do you like the school?‎ ‎—Yeah.I only wish the classes 　　　 a little smaller. ‎ A.be B.were C.had been D.should have been ‎15.According to the factory safety rules, all accidents 　　　 be reported to the safety officer. ‎ A.may B.can C.would D.must 答案Topic 18　自然 Part A　Reading Passage 1‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎　　1.tell the difference between...区分……和……的不同 ‎2.over and over again 一再地 ‎3.turn out 结果是 ‎[高级句式]‎ ‎1.In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.(第一个that引导定语从句,修饰experiment;第二个that引导宾语从句,作suggested的宾语;第三个that引导定语从句修饰the baby birds)‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是一篇科普类说明文。我们都知道母亲在怀孕期间对小宝宝进行胎教,但是你知道鸟类也会给自己还未孵化出的小宝宝进行胎教吗?请看澳大利亚生物学家的研究成果吧。‎ ‎1.B　猜测词义题。根据画线部分后面的描述:一些鸟类在小鸟孵化出来前就开始教它们唱歌了,小鸟孵化出来后几天就能模仿自己母亲的叫声。由此推断出小鸟在这方面做得最棒,所以答案为B项。‎ ‎2.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后一句话可知,他们把雏鸟的叫声和母鸟的叫声进行对比,根据相似度进行排名,由此可知他们的发现是以母鸟和雏鸟叫声的相似度为依据的,所以答案为A项。‎ ‎3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知答案为C项。‎ Passage 2‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.pull out拿出 ‎2.with great interest饶有兴趣地 ‎3.give back归还 ‎[高级句式]‎ As shown here, Lainey can become excited about reading when presented with literature on topics that interest her, and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process.(and连接两个由when引导的状语从句,其中第一个省略了主语和be动词的状语从句中含有that引导的定语从句) ‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。读完三年级的Lainey尽管成绩很好但不喜欢阅读。在一次家庭乘车旅行中,她的姑姑拿出一本《哈利·波特》让她读,但由于故事太长而且没有图画,她不愿意读。后来姑姑读了起来,到第一章结束时,它已经吸引了Lainey,从此Lainey对阅读产生了兴趣。‎ ‎1.D　根据She had good grades可知Lainey能读超过(above)三年级水平的东西。‎ ‎2.B　根据本句中的family和Aunt可知此处应用niece(侄女)。daughter 女儿;student学生;friend朋友。‎ ‎3.C　但是Lainey看了一眼这本书,翻着白眼说……。roll one’‎ s eyes翻白眼;open one’s eyes睁开眼;dry变干;shade给……遮挡。‎ ‎4.A　Dede姑姑是位老师, 她把《哈利·波特》读给学生的时候,他们都很喜欢。甚至(Even)班里最小的孩子们都被这个故事吸引了。本段第二句对第一句进行补充说明,故用Even。‎ ‎5.D　根据下文They　6　with great interest可知班里最小的孩子们都被这个故事吸引了。attract吸引;surprise使惊讶;annoy使恼怒;puzzle使困惑。 ‎ ‎6.C　根据上文Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students...可知他们饶有兴趣地听(listen)。read读;tell告诉;write写。‎ ‎7.D　根据前面的with great interest可知学生们热情地加入到交谈中。enthusiastically 热情地;suspectedly可疑地;anxiously焦急地;calmly镇静地。‎ ‎8.B　根据文章第一段中的But Lainey took one look at it, 　3　her eyes, and said, “Borrrring!”可知用boring(令人厌烦的)。amazing令人惊喜的;ridiculous荒谬的;humorous幽默的。 ‎ ‎9.A　根据下文there are lots of pictures可知选A。‎ ‎10.C　对比it’s too long and it doesn’t have any　9　和there are lots of pictures可知此处Dede姑姑指出侄女的错误。wrong错误的;crazy疯狂的;foolish愚蠢的;different不同的。 ‎ ‎11.A　them指代pictures,根据常识可知书中的图画只能看(see)。match匹配;show展示;recognize认出。‎ ‎12.A　根据Nice ‎ try可知此处表示Lainey没好气地回答。sourly没好气地;patiently耐心地;eagerly渴望地;shyly害羞地。‎ ‎13.B　根据上文中的Nice try可知此处Dede姑姑要进行另一种尝试。‎ ‎14.D　此处意为“好吧,如果你不想读,就还回来”。give back归还;give away泄露;give out分发;give in屈服。‎ ‎15.A　或许你妈妈喜欢听这个故事。enjoy喜欢;admit承认;mind介意;finish完成。‎ ‎16.B　根据下文“Please read a little　17　.”可知此时Lainey提出了要求。request要求;decision决定;comment评论;promise许诺。 ‎ ‎17.C　根据上文...and she began to read it aloud.可知Lainey要求读大声一点。‎ ‎18.C　根据文章第一段中的but she did not like to read可知Lainey不愿意读书。unwilling不愿意的;unpleasant令人不悦的;innocent无辜的;independent独立的。‎ ‎19.D　对比but she did not like to read和By the end of the first chapter,　16　were coming from the back seat:“Please read a little　17　.”可知现在Lainey对阅读很兴奋。 ‎ ‎20.A　当给她有令她感兴趣的话题的文学作品时,Lainey会变得对阅读很兴奋。present给予;concern关心;disturb打扰;replace代替。‎ Part B　Writing 一、语题语料积累 ‎1.话题词汇积累 ‎①nature　②plant　③bamboo　④bark　⑤bush　⑥flower　‎ ‎⑦weed　⑧wood　‎ ‎⑨forest　⑩wheat　ant　bat　bear　bee　eagle　zebra　‎ dinosaur　elephant　frog　fox　giraffe　goat　 hen　‎ horse　kangaroo　mouse　panda　shark　 seal　 snake　‎ ‎ desert　 lake　 bank　 basin　 bay　 beach countryside　island　land　mountain　ocean　valley river　sea　seaside　spring　strait　volcano earthquake　flood　typhoon ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①to keep　②who　③on　④ourselves 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)①victims　②dispose　③cost　④effort　⑤resource　⑥survive ⑦die　⑧benefit　⑨harmony　⑩environmental ‎(2)①The first thing to do in building an igloo is to pile a large amount of snow.‎ ‎②All life on the earth depends on the sun.‎ ‎③It is well known that over seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water.‎ ‎④The sun heats the earth,causing the air to rise.‎ ‎⑤The earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun in January than it is in July.‎ ‎⑥It snowed so heavily last night that we are informed to stay at home.‎ ‎⑦Protecting wild animals is helpful to keep balance of nature.‎ ‎⑧Let’s get the wheat in before the sun sets.‎ ‎2.段落练习 ‎⑥-①-⑦-⑤-②-③-④-⑧‎ ‎3.篇章练习 One possible version:‎ NOTICE In order to raise our awareness of earthquake disaster prevention,our school has invited experts to give a lecture on how to protect ourself in an earthquake.It starts at 2:00 pm, May 14 in the lecture hall and lasts about one and a half hours.All the students are required to take part in the lecture.Besides, paper and a pen are needed in case you write down some important points.‎ Remember to come on time. ‎ Students’ Union ‎ 单选模拟仿真练 ‎1—5 BCBAB　6—10 DBBDA　11—15 CACBD