小学6年级英语教案：第12讲 时态复习

小学6年级英语教案：第12讲 时态复习

辅导教案 学员姓名： 学科教师：‎ 年 级：六年级 辅导科目：英语 ‎ 授课日期 ‎××年××月××日 时 间 A / B / C / D / E / F段 主 题 时态复习 教学内容 ‎1. 掌握四种时态的基本结构极其用法；‎ ‎2. 灵活迁移阅读信息到写作表达中去。‎ ‎（TR可根据本次课的需要，选择不同的互动探究方法，如：预习、复习上节课内容、或通过案例分析、趣味故事进行新课导入）‎ ‎【教学建议】‎ 此环节设计时间在15分钟。‎ 本次课为复习课，我们可以通过较为轻松的氛围开始，建议互动探索部分选用一些热身游戏进行，比如猜谜、绕口令、嘴巴手指不一样等；也可以进行与本单元相关的知识性游戏，如分拆单词链或组单词等，把前几次课学过的单词进行复习。要求老师在课前要设计好单词链，和游戏规则。‎ 游戏名称： 分拆单词链  ‎ 规则及步骤：‎ ‎ 教师出示一个单词链，如theredoorunder，要求学生在一定时间内将单词链拆成最多的单词。如 the, he, her, here, there, red, door, do, or, run, under. ‎ ‎（TR根据本次课内容，可分为1. 新课或专题讲解； 2. 典型例题； 3. 习题巩固三个模块）‎ ‎【教学建议】 ‎ 此环节教案预期时间60分钟。‎ 复习课更侧重于学生对内容的吸收度，建议采用‘以教代学’或‘相互PK’的互动方式进行。‎ 一般过去时 I. 一般过去时的概念 ‎ 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等； 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often,  always等频率副词连用。   例如： ‎ ‎  ①I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。 ‎ ‎  ②Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。  ‎ ‎ II. 动词过去式的构成： ‎ ‎  (1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则： ‎ ‎  ①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。 ‎ ‎  ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。 ‎ ‎  ③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。 如：stop-stopped。 ‎ ‎  ④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。 如：study-studied。 ‎ ‎  (2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。‎ 如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went,  come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。‎ 随堂练 I. 按要求变换句型。  ‎ ‎1. Father bought me a new bike. （同义句）  ‎ Father bought _______ _______ ________ ________ me.  a new bike for ‎2. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句） ‎ ‎ _______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?  Did read ‎ ‎3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）  ‎ Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10 on this book.  didn't spend ‎4. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）  ‎ ‎________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?  Where were my going ‎ ‎5. I didn’t have any friends. （一般疑问句）  ‎ ‎________ _______ have _______ friends?  Did I any II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. I ____________(go) to the park last weekend.  went ‎ ‎2. When ___________Sam ____________(do) his homework last night?   did,do ‎3. Linda _____________(clean) the room yesterday.  cleaned   ‎ ‎4. My grandfather _____________(be) sick last week.  was ‎5. He often ______(play) basketball after school when he was a student.  played ‎6. They ____________(be)very happy to hear the good news yesterday.  were ‎ ‎7. I _______________(see) him today. He went to see his grandmother.  saw ‎8. I ______________(be) busy last week.  was ‎9. Mary ____________(not visit) her aunt last month.  didn’t visit ‎10. There ____________(be) a lot of people in this village five years ago.  were ‎11. I _______________(buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.  bought ‎12. She _______________(give) me a book a moment ago.  gave ‎13. The girl _______________(get) up early this morning.  got ‎14. He __________________(not draw) pictures yesterday evening. didn’t draw ‎15. The teacher _______________(agree)（同意） to our idea yesterday.  agreed 过去进行时 I. 结构 was/were +doing （现在分词）‎ II. 用法 ‎1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning， the whole morning， all day yesterday， from nine to ten last evening， when， while 例如：‎ ‎　　We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.。　　‎ ‎　　What was he researching all day last Sunday？‎ ‎　‎ ‎2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：‎ ‎　　What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday？‎ ‎　　昨天晚上九点她在做什么？（介词短语表示时间点）‎ ‎　　When I saw him he was decorating his room.‎ 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。（when从句表示时间点）‎ ‎3.　在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：‎ ‎　　While he was waiting for the bus， he was reading a newspaper.‎ ‎　　他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）‎ ‎　　He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.‎ 他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）‎ ‎4.　通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree， be， believe， belong， care， forget， hate， have（拥有）， hear， know， like， love， mean， mind， notice， own， remember， seem， suppose， understand， want， wish等。例如：‎ ‎　　误：I was knowing the answer.‎ ‎　　正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。‎ ‎　　误：I wasn't understanding him.‎ 正：I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。‎ 典型例题：‎ ‎1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.‎ ‎　　A. made　B. is making　C. was making　D. makes ‎　　答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。‎ ‎2） As she ___ the newspaper， Granny ___ asleep.‎ ‎　　A. read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell ‎　　答案B.句中的as = when， while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell （fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。‎ 随堂练 ‎1．  昨天这个时候你们英语老师在做什么？她在和一些家长谈话吗？  ‎ ‎2．  当我离开的时候他正在画一幅世界地图。  ‎ ‎3．  当你看见他们的时候他们在干什么？他们在打扫教室。  ‎ ‎4．  那时二班的学生没在操场上踢足球，他们在打篮球。  ‎ ‎5．  一天，母亲下班回家的时候，约翰在写给一个朋友写信。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1. What was you English teacher doing this time yesterday? Was she talking with some parents? ‎ ‎2. When I left, he was drawing a map of the world. ‎ ‎3. What were they doing when you saw them? They were cleaning the classroom. ‎ ‎4. At that time the Class Two students were not playing football in the playground. They were playing basketball. ‎ ‎5. One day John was writing to one of his friends when his mothers came back from work.‎ 一般将来时 一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如：‎ What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么？‎ 表示将来时间的几种常见方法 英语中除了“will /shall+动词原形”表示半来时态外，还可以用“be going to+动词原形”表示。主要表示打算和预测：‎ We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里多待。(表打算)‎ I’m afraid they’re going to lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。(表预测)‎ 注：be going to 后接动词go和come时，通常直接改用其进行时态：‎ Where is he going to go? / Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去？‎ 随堂练 Choose the best answer ‎1. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you __________ advertisements showing happy families A. will often see                                  B. often see C. are often seeing                               D. have often seen ‎2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents __________ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.‎ A. were deciding                                  B. have decided C. decided                                           D. will decide ‎3. —How can I apply for an online course?‎ ‎—Just fill out this form and we __________ what we can do four you.‎ A. see                                                 B. are seeing C. have seen                                        D. will see ‎4. If their marketing plans succeed, they _________ their sales by 20 percent.‎ A. will increase                                    B. have been increasing C. have increased                                 D. would be increasing ‎ 5. Population experts predict that most people _________ in cities in the near future.‎ A. live                                                 B. would live C. will live                                           D. have lived ‎6. When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ________ up, her voice had been full of life.‎ A. were hanging                                   B. had hung C. hung                                               D. would hang      ‎ ‎7. —Ann is in hospital.‎ ‎—Oh, really? I ________ know. I ________ go and visit her.‎ A. didn’t; am going to                           B. don’t; would C. don’t; will                                       D. didn’t; will ‎8. I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I ______.‎ A. was doing                                        B. am doing        ‎ C. have done                                         D. had been doing 现在完成时 ‎1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。‎ ‎2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. ‎ ‎3.基本结构：have/has + done 4‎ ‎.否定形式：have/has + not +done. ‎ 它主要适用于下面的几种情况：‎ ‎　1表示截止现在业已完成的动作 ‎　　By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。‎ She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。‎ ‎　2表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？‎ ‎　3表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续 ‎　　It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。‎ ‎　1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。例如：‎ ‎　　He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。）‎ ‎　　He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。）‎ ‎　　He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。）‎ ‎　　He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和。）‎ He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （现在完成进行时，强调动作的连续性。）‎ ‎　　2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。‎ ‎　　例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.‎ I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.‎ ‎　　3) 有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。‎ Be动词若是用于进行时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如：‎ Tom is being a good boy today .汤姆今天很乖。‎ He is being childish .他这样做是耍孩子气。‎ ‎　　You are not being modest .你这样说不太谦虚。‎ 随堂练 I. 句型转换 ‎　1. The old man _________ last year. He ________ _________ __________for a year. (die) （动词填空）‎ died, has been dead ‎　2. This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)‎ ‎　　 This factory __ ________ ________for twenty years. has been open ‎　3. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)‎ ‎　　Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ an hour ago. has been away ‎　4. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）‎ ‎　　Her mother _______ the Party three years ________. joined；ago ‎　5. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)‎ ‎　　 _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France. It is, since ‎ ‎　6. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) ‎ ‎　　 ___________________________________________ The bus has been here for ten minutes.‎ ‎ ‎ II. 汉译英 ‎　1. 她还没有看过那部新电影。 She hasn't seen the new film yet.‎ ‎　2. 她去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai.‎ ‎　3. 他这些天上哪儿去了？ Where has he been these days？‎ ‎【教学建议】‎ 1． 规定学生必须在20分钟内完成；‎ 2． 相互交换批改，或通过优先选择等互动方式讲解练习，表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题，并订正在错题集上；‎ Choose the best answer.‎ 1. We__________ any drink. You’d better buy some fruit and vegetables.‎ A. needn’t B. don’t need to C. don’t need D. not need 2. Sunyang _________two gold medals at the 2012 London Olympic Games.‎ A. wins B.won C. will win D. would win 3. Another bridge across the Yangtze River_________ built in one or two years.‎ A. was B. has been C. would be D. will be 4. When I got up in the morning, the rain _________already.‎ A. stops B. will stop C. has stopped D. had stopped 5. Linda has been absent for five days, _________?‎ A. wasn’t she B. doesn’t she C. hasn’t she D. isn’t she 1. Several new underground lines________ to meet the needs of the citizens in Shanghai recently.‎ A. have been built B. were built C. are built D. will be built 2. Keep an English diary, and you________ your English.‎ A. improve B. improved C. is improve D. will improve 3. We________ eight English songs in the hobby group by the end of last month.‎ A. have learned B. learned C. had learned D. would learn 4. Linda has been absent for five days, _________?‎ A. wasn’t she B. doesn’t she C. hasn’t she D. isn’t she 5. I don’t want to see the film because I_________ it already.‎ A. will see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen 6. Sam_________ us the result as soon as the manager makes a decision.‎ A. tells B. has told C. will tell D. would tell 7. There were few new types of cameras in this shop,________?‎ A. were there B. weren’t there C. were they D. weren’t they 8. Tom_________ a report when I telephoned him yesterday afternoon.‎ A. wrote B. is writing C. was written D. was writing 9. A large number of people are keen on “planting online vegetables” these days,_________?‎ A. don’t they B. do they C. aren’t they D. are they 10. Miss Fang’s never been to Hainan Island for holiday._________ Mr. Lin.‎ A. Neither is B. Neither has C. So is D. So has 11. Your father_________ at the moment. Keep quiet and let him have a good rest!‎ A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. has slept D. will sleep 12. Mr. Marko _________ many countries before he started to work in this company.‎ A. went to B. goes to C. has been to D. had been to 13. What_________ you_________ at ten o’clock yesterday morning?‎ A. are…doing B. were…doing C. did…do D. have…done 14. Catherine__________ the letter before her mother came into the bedroom.‎ A. has written B. had written C. was writing D. would write 15. Shanghai_________ so much that even Shanghainese need a map when they go around the city.‎ A. are changed B. has changed C. will change D. had changed 1. Tom said he_________ his 5-year–old grandson everything about traditional cormorant fishing.‎ A. would teach B. will teach C. has taught D. is teaching 2. ‎-----Danny, I can’t stop smoking.‎ ‎-----For your health, I’m afraid you_________.‎ A. can B. may C. can’t D. must 3. The girl has been away from home for a week. She___ brown shoes and a red skirt.‎ A. will wear B. had worn C. wear D. is wearing 4. If it________ tomorrow, we won’t go on a trip to Shanghai Century Park.‎ A. rains B. rain C. will rain D. raining 5. My grandma_________ in the countryside, but now she lives in a big city.‎ A. use to live B. used to live C. is used to live D. used to living READING ‎ ‎(A)‎ There may be life on Mars(火星).We know ____1_______ about Mars than about any other planet （行星）.But astronomers are still guessing about many things. ______2_____ example, we think that on Mars _____3_____ may be changes of weather during the year. Our own weather _____4_____ from winter to summer. Perhaps it is the same on Mars. In Mars’ mid-summer we can see brown places on the planet. In mid-winter these places are white. ____5______ some scientists believe that plants grow on Mars during mid-summer and change color in winter. They do not ____6______ that there are green fields on Mars. But perhaps there is some kind of life. ‎ ‎( ) 1. A. most B. much C. more D. many ‎( ) 2. A. On B. For C. To D. From ‎( ) 3. A. there B. these C. this D. that ‎( ) 4. A. change B. changed C. changes D. changing ‎ ‎( ) 5. A. As B. So C. For D. Because ‎ ‎( ) 6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. talk ‎ ‎(B)‎ ‎ “Golden week” is here, buy many middle school students won’t get to enjoy the holiday, which starts on May 1st, will be used for extra class. ‎ Sometimes there is no choice in the matter. Rest and relaxation（娱乐）are just dreams for the students in Middle Three. Most of their summer and winter holidays and even weekends are spent in the classroom. ‎ Many reasons push students to study harder in holidays. But no student would say “it’s because I like it.”‎ Middle Three students often hear “No pain, no gain” from both parents and teachers when they are talking about extra classes in the holidays. But for each individual（个人）,the pain of having extra classes and the benefits are very different. Students should have the chance to choose whether they want to study at home or have extra classes in school. ‎ Teachers and parents should learn the saying “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” At least, if there really is a need for extra classes, students’ own opinions（观点）should be considered. (考虑)‎ Middle school students are at the age not only to learn from textbooks, but also to learn how to evaluate (评价)themselves and make decisions. ‎ If possible, teachers and parents should give them a chance to make their own choices. ‎ Answer the questions according to the passage. ‎ ‎1. Do most students like to have extra classes in their holiday?‎ ‎ _______________________________________________‎ ‎2. What do both teachers and parents often say to the students to make them study hard?‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. Do students like to have extra classes?‎ ‎ _______________________________________________‎ ‎4. What should teachers do when they want to have extra classes?‎ ‎ _____________________________________________________‎ ‎5. Do you think it’s right for middle school students to have extra classes in holidays or at weekend?‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：1. No, they don’t. ‎ ‎2. No pain, no gain. ‎ ‎3. No, they don’t. ‎ ‎4. They should consider students’ own opinions. ‎ ‎5. No, I don’t think so. Because they need to have a rest. ‎ ‎（以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）‎ ‎1. 由学生自己归纳以上时态的结构，并解释其区别；‎ ‎2. 老师可以准备三道易错题，让学生现场回答，以考察其掌握情况；‎ ‎【教学建议】‎ ‎1. 规定学生在限定的时间内完成；‎ ‎2. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；‎ ‎3．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ ‎4．对本节课积分高的学生可以考虑相应减少作业量；‎ ‎5．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。‎ ‎【巩固练习】‎ 1. Finally Jack found the wallet for the old lady,______?‎ A. did she B. didn’t she C. didn’t he D. did he 2. My friend told me that he______ to Hong Kong the next month.‎ A. will go B. would go C. goes D. went 3. I’m sure my friend______ me about the car accident if she knows the truth of it.‎ A. tells B. told C. will tell D. has told 4. If there is a traffic jam, it______ us a lot of trouble on the way.‎ A. causes B. has caused C. will cause D. is causing 5. I______ my bicycle to Wanda Plaza when it suddenly began to rain. I was all wet through.‎ A. am riding B. was riding C. rode D. had ridden 6. ‎---Why didn’t you come to his birthday party yesterday afternoon?‎ ‎---I______ a wonderful football match.‎ A. watch B. am watching C. was watching D. will watch 7. ‎---Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhang’s office.‎ ‎ ---I’m afraid he______ his work yet.‎ A. doesn’t finish B. didn’t finish C. hasn’t finished D. won’t finish 8. A: You never had breakfast at home last term,________ you?‎ B:________. I only had it at school.‎ A. did…No B. had…Yes C. didn’t…No D. did…Yes 9. My son knows nothing about his hometown. He_________ there.‎ A. has ever been B. has never been C. has ever gone D. has never gone 10. They _________to that shopping center many times since they moved here.‎ A. will go B. go C. have gone D. have been 11. It is very late at night, but Simon______ at his lessons.‎ A. has still worked B. still worked C. is still working D. was still working 1. Mary______ to work in the west of China after she graduates from university.‎ A. goes B. will go C. went D. would go 2. Our teachers______ us already that washing hands often will help us prevent the flu.‎ A. tell B. told C. have told D. is telling 3. I_________ watch TV a lot, but now I surf the Internet all day long.‎ A. use B. am used to C. use to D. used to 4. He will pick you up for dinner if he______ his work before six o’clock.‎ A. finish B. will finish C. finished D. finishes 5. People______ the virus of the flu since the early of last year.‎ A. studied B. have studied C. will study D. had studied 6. By the end of last week, we______ nine suggestions on environmental protection.‎ A. have got B. got C. had got D. will get 7. I’ll do it better if my manager_______ me another try.‎ A. give B. gives C. gave D. will give 8. My sister has worked as an IT engineer since she_______ back from the United States.‎ A. came B. has come C. had come D. comes 9. ‎---Do you think John will help me move the piano?‎ ‎---You’d better not. He_______ a composition.‎ A. write B. writes C. is writing D. wrote 10. Hong Kong Disneyland_______ millions of visitors since it opened to the public.‎ A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract 11. You’ll remember to get all the things if you______ a shopping list.‎ A. writes B. wrote C. will write D. write 12. They’ve visited more than ten European countries these years,________?‎ A. didn’t they B. did they C. haven’t they D. have they 13. The old man is easy to lose his way back home.________ his wife.‎ A. Neither is B. Neither does C. So does D. So is 14. Shanghai Students’ Post ________ a great help in my English learning since 2012.‎ A. will be B. was C. has been D. had been II. Read and choose the best answer.‎ You may hear about earthquakes, but do you know what to do before, during and after an earthquake? Here is some advice for you. ‎ Before an earthquake It’s necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers (doctor, hospital, police, 119, etc.). Never put heavy things over beds. ‎ During an earthquake It’s important for each of you to stay calm（冷漠）. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or a strong table. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects. Stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy furniture and so on. If you are cooking, turn off the gas. ‎ If you are out doors, move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings, bridges and tress. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible, staying away from bridges and tall buildings. Stay in your car. ‎ After an earthquake Once the shaking has stopped, DO NOT run out of the building at once. It’s better to wait and leave when it is safe. ‎ Check around you and help the people who are in trouble. If you building is badly broken you should leave it. If you smell or hear the gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas. Report it to the gas company. ‎ Choose the best answer:‎ ‎( ) 1. Which of the following is mentioned (被提到)in the second paragraph?‎ ‎ A. People should know how to turn on gas. ‎ ‎ B. People should know how to save water. ‎ ‎ C. People shouldn’t put heavy boxes over beds. ‎ ‎ D. People shouldn’t forget the phone numbers of others. ‎ ‎( ) 2. When an earthquake happen, ___________ can help you deal with it. ‎ ‎ A. standing still B. staying calm C. looking outside D. moving indoors ‎( ) 3. During an earthquake, if you are driving in an open area, you should __________.‎ ‎ A. speed up your car B. stop your car and stay in ‎ C. slow down your car D. stop your car and run out ‎( ) 4. When the earth stops shaking, you should ___________.‎ ‎ A. check around you first B. run out of the building at once ‎ C. break the windows and doors D. write a report to your company ‎( ) 5. You can learn __________ after reading the passage. ‎ ‎ A. what an earthquake is like B. what to do to avoid an earthquake ‎ C. how an earthquake happens D. how to protect yourself in an earthquake ‎【预习思考】‎ Ⅰ. Words.‎ ‎1. starfish n.海星 ‎【友情提示】复数为starfish或starfishes，也可以写做sea star。‎ ‎2. competition n.竞争；竞赛，比赛 ‎【固定搭配】be in competition with sb. for sth.为……和（某人）竞争 e. g. He was in competition with 10 others for the job. 为得到这份工作他与十个人展开竞争。‎ ‎ He takes part in a swimming competition.他参加游泳比赛。‎ ‎3. intelligent adj.聪明的；有智慧的 e. g. Can you say that dolphins are much more intelligent than other animals? 你能说海豚比其他动物聪明得多吗？‎ ‎【知识拓展】intelligence n.智力，智能 ‎4. important adj.重要的 e. g. It's important to look both ways before you cross the street. 过马路前要左右两边看，这很重要。‎ ‎5. cover n. 覆盖 e. g. She covered the table with a cloth.她用一块布把桌子罩起来。 ‎ Dust covered the furniture.家具上满是灰尘。‎ ‎6. internet n.因特网 e. g. -The Internet has made the world smaller.因特网使世界变小了。‎ ‎ -That's because it has made communication faster.那是因为它使交流变快了。‎ ‎7. shower v.淋浴 n. 淋浴; 淋浴装置 e. g. People use water for showering.人们用水来淋浴。‎ ‎【提示】shower作动词时，相当于have showers。‎ ‎8. farmer n.农场主，农民 e. g. These days many farmers come to work in cities.现在许多农民进城工作。‎ ‎9. crop n.庄稼 e. g. The main crop in China is rice.中国的主要作物是水稻。‎ ‎10.dripping adj.滴水的，湿淋淋的 e. g. It's dripping day today.今天是个下雨天。‎ Is that roof still dripping? 那个屋顶还漏雨吗？‎ He was dripping blood onto the floor.他的血正滴到地板上。‎ I'm dripping wet.我浑身湿透了。‎ ‎11.waste v.浪费 e. g. Eat up your rice. It’s bad to waste food.把米饭吃光，浪费粮食不好。‎ ‎12. fix v.修理 e. g. I asked the boy to fix the bicycle.我请这个小伙子修理自行车。‎ ‎【知识拓展】repair v.修理 Ⅱ. Daily expressions. 日常表达 ‎1. turn…off 把……关上（龙头，电器等）‎ e. g. Please turn the water tap after you wash hands.洗完手后请关上水龙头。‎ ‎【知识拓展】近义：switch…off把……关上 反义：turn ...on把……打开（龙头，电器等）‎ ‎2. instead of代替 ‎【指点迷津】instead of，instead ‎(1)instead of是介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”，在句中，它的后面要接其他的词或词组；‎ ‎(2)而instead是副词，意为“代替；顶替”，后面不能接其他的词，一般情况下可不译出，通常放在句首或句末，表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事。‎ e. g. They bought some oranges instead of apples.他们买了一些橘子，没有买苹果。‎ Last night I watched TV instead of playing games. 昨天晚上我看了电视，没有玩游戏。‎ There's no coffee. Would you like a cup of tea instead? 没有咖啡，可否来杯茶？‎ She didn't answer. Instead, she asked me another question.她没有回答，反而问我另外一个问题。‎ ‎3. the seafood we eat 我们吃的海鲜 ‎4. no water to brush our teeth 没有水刷牙 ‎5. no water to cook food 没有水烧饭 ‎6. be important to 对……很重要 e. g. Environment is important to us.环境对我们很重要。‎